HAL Portal UPF (Université de la Polynésie française)
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« Poussières radioactives et sueurs polynésiennes : retombées des essais nucléaires et rapport à l’environnement des travailleurs du CEP »
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Petit état des lieux de la prise en compte des langues et cultures des élèves à l’école en Outre-mer
No full textInternational audienceThis article, written by 9 contributors, provides an overview of the inclusion of pupils’ languages and cultures in the schools of 10 French overseas’ territories. Each section presents the sociolinguistic situation of a territory in relation to the school context, mentioning the scientific work already carried out or even the gaps in this field. It then details the existing systems that have been developed over the last few decades and tries to identify the number of pupils concerned by these systems. Finally, each section presents the teachers’ training education and the innovative initiatives that have been set up recently, and reviews the diagnostics carried out in each of the regions. This gives a clear picture of the specific challenges faced by each territory, as well as the more general observations that can be made about educational failure in overseas France and the potential link between this failure and the failure to take account of local languages.Cet article, en combinant les contributions de neuf collègues, offre un panorama de l’état de la prise en compte des langues et cultures des élèves à l’école dans dix territoires ultramarins. Chaque section présente la situation sociolinguistique d’un territoire en rapport avec le contexte scolaire en mentionnant les travaux scientifiques déjà réalisés voire les manques dans ce domaine. Elle détaille ensuite les dispositifs existants ayant été développés ces dernières décennies et tentent d’identifier le nombre d’élèves concernés par ces dispositifs. Chaque section présente enfin les formations de formateurs et les initiatives innovantes ayant été mises en place dernièrement et rappelle les diagnostics réalisés sur chacun des territoires. Cela permet d’avoir une image précise des enjeux particuliers que rencontre chacun des territoires mais aussi des constats plus généraux qu’on peut tirer sur l’échec scolaire dans les Outre-mer et sur le lien potentiel entre cet échec scolaire et la non prise en compte des langues locales
Dérives océanes
No full textInternational audienceLe propos de ce chapitre est d’examiner la dérive comme mode de voyage et vecteur deconvergence entre l’océan Indien et l’océan Pacifique sud. En étudiant les dérives d’êtreshumains dans leurs plus ou moins frêles embarcations, seuls ou en groupe, mais aussi desobjets que ces humains laissent derrière eux, ce chapitre propose de penser la dérive commeun exemple indo-pacifique de « mobilité globale » océanique qui permettrait de rendre comptedes voyages et migrances sans route, sans boussole, sans but : les mobilités des laissés-pour-compte, des oubliés, des subalternisés, des perdus
Strength of Sexual Selection and Sex Roles Vary between Social Groups in a Coral Reef Cardinalfish
No full textInternational audienceThe strength and direction of sexual selection can vary among populations. However, spatial variability is rarely explored at the level of the social group. Here we investigate sexual selection and sex roles in the paternally mouthbrooding, socially monogamous, and site-attached pajama cardinalfish, Sphaeramia nematoptera. Females were larger and more aggressive and had a longer dorsal fin filament, indicating reversed sex roles. At the scale of social groups, we show that the Bateman gradient and reproductive variance depend on the sex ratio and size of groups. In small andmedium-sized groups with balanced or male-biased sex ratios, Bateman gradients were steeper for females, whereas gradientswere equally steep for both sexes in large groups orwhen the sex ratio was female biased. For both sexes, reproductive variance increased with group size and with a higher male-to-female sex ratio. In S. nematoptera,mating opportunities outside the socially monogamous pair appear to impact sexual selection. We conclude that strength and direction of sexual selection can be masked by social dynamics in group-living species when considerin
Bioguided isolation and feature-based identification of bioactive molecules from Fagraea berteroana targeting dermal papilla cells and the Wnt pathway
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Synthesis and Comprehensive Characterization of Amino Acid-Derived Vinyl Monomer Gels
No full textInternational audienceIn this study, we report an easy synthetic pathway to vinyl monomers derivatized with amino acids. Tyrosine-, phenylalanine-, tryptophan-, leucine-, and methionine-based monomers were synthesized, and their polymerization in the presence of cross-linking agents led to the formation of amino acid-based gels. The nature of cross-linker, the time of polymerization, and the type of initiation (photopolymerization or thermopolymerization) were investigated. The obtained gels were characterized using a combination of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These novel amino acid-based gels could find applications in various areas such as drug delivery, biosensing, and biotechnology
Movements and spatial distribution of an endangered fish (Sciaena umbra) within a marine protected area
No full textInternational audienceThe brown meagre (Sciaena umbra) is an endangered species, which requires specific protection measures to ensure its conservation. These measures need to be informed by high-quality scientific knowledge on their space use patterns. Here, we used acoustic telemetry to assess its seasonal movement patterns and habitat use within a marine protected area (MPA). Our results suggested that S. umbra is a highly sedentary species (home range < 1.0 km2) and, therefore, the MPA is extensive enough to protect the local population. Their population was discretely distributed in two main areas within the MPA, which was likely a result of habitat segregation and density-dependent movements. The temporal variability of their movements further uncovered when and where spawning occurs (mainly, but probably not only, in the fully protected area in June) and indicated that spillover of this species is limited but still possible. Overall, we highlight the importance of MPAs in the recovery of S. umbra, we advocate the need to perpetuate the current national fishing bans and extend it to other countries in the Mediterranean region, and we emphasize that considering the fine-scale movements of S. umbra in future management actions is key to achieving a successful recovery of their populations
Les pratiques managériales au cœur de la gestion de crise : la crise sanitaire dans le tourisme en Polynésie française
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Modélisation d'un Cycle Organique de Rankine (ORC) pour l'énergie thermique des mers
No full textInternational audienceModélisation d'un Cycle Organique de Rankine (ORC) pour l'énergie thermique des mer
Role of Intersecting Equatorial and Coastal Waveguides Near Sri Lanka on Intraseasonal Sea Level Variability Along the West Coast of India
No full textInternational audienceAbstract The sea level variations along the west coast of India (WCI) significantly affect the ecosystems and fisheries, because of their tight coupling with the oxycline depths in this region, which hosts the world's largest natural hypoxic system. Here, we investigate the main causes of the WCI sea level variability. Using idealized experiments with a linear, continuously stratified ocean model, we first demonstrate that there is a direct pathway between the equatorial waveguide and the WCI, in addition to the well‐documented pathway that aligns with the coastal waveguide in the Bay of Bengal. This direct connection results from the intersection of equatorial and coastal waveguides near Sri Lanka. The forced and reflected equatorial Rossby waves induce sea level variations at the Sri Lankan coast around 6°N, which propagate directly to the WCI as coastal Kelvin waves, without transiting through the Bay of Bengal coastal waveguide. Using model experiments with realistic coastline and forcing, we then illustrate that this direct pathway is the primary contributor (0.4 regression coefficient) to the WCI intraseasonal (20–150 days) sea level variability, followed by the Bay of Bengal coastal waveguide pathway (0.3) and the wind forcing in a small region near Sri Lanka (0.25). The remote forcing originating from the rest of the Bay of Bengal and the WCI local wind forcing have weaker influence. We conclude by discussing why this direct connection exhibits strong impact on sea level variability at the intraseasonal timescale, while its influence is considerably weaker at the longer seasonal and interannual timescales