KREPOZIT (Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church)
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Polluted places or polluted minds?: An experimental sham-exposure study on background psychosocial factors of symptom formation in 'Idiophatic Environmental Intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields'
No full textIntroduction: ‘Idiophatic Environmental Intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields’ (IEI-EMF) refers to the perception of subjective symptoms during or following EMF exposure. IEI-EMF has become disproved to be a mostly biologic entity by now, and evidences accumulate to support the role of nocebo effect in the phenomenon. The two aims of this study were to demonstrate the significant role of the nocebo effect in physical symptoms reported at 50 Hz frequency of EMF exposure, as well as to explore some psychological factors which may predispose to IEI-EMF. Methods: A total of 40 volunteer university students have completed a battery of psychological questionnaires (expectations; IEI-EMF; state anxiety – STAI-S; dispositional optimism – LOT-R; somatisation – PHQ-15; somatosensory amplification – SSAS) before, and checklists of physical symptoms during sham exposure to “weak” and “strong” EMFs, respectively. Participants were also asked about the extent to which they had perceived the presence of the presumed EMF. Results: Participants with higher IEI-EMF scores expected and experienced more symptoms. Suggestion of stronger EMF exposure resulted in larger symptom scores and enhanced EMF-perception as compared to the presumed weaker exposure. Experienced symptom scores were predicted primarily by somatisation scores, whereas self-rating of IEI-EMF was predicted by somatosensory amplification scores. Conclusion: The results confirm that there is considerable nocebo effect in symptom reports related to 50 Hz frequency EMFs. IEI-EMF seems to be formed through a vicious circle of psychosocial factors, such as enhanced perception of risk and expectations, self-monitoring, somatisation and somatosensory amplification, causalization and misattribution
Innovatives medizinstudium der Semmelweis Universitât Budapest am Askleios Campus Hamburg
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Deinstitutionalization in Europe: two recent examples from Germany and Hungary
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Polluted places or polluted minds?: An experimental sham-exposure study on background psychosocial factors of symptom formation in 'Idiophatic Environmental Intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields'
Get PDFIntroduction: 'Idiophatic Environmental Intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields' (IEI-EMF) refers to the perception of subjective symptoms during or following EMF exposure. IEI-EMF has become disproved to be a mostly biologic entity by now, and evidences accumulate to support the role of nocebo effect in the phenomenon. The two aims of this study were to demonstrate the significant role of the nocebo effect in physical symptoms reported at 50Hz frequency of EMF exposure, as well as to explore some psychological factors which may predispose to IEI-EMF.
Methods: A total of 40 volunteer university students have completed a battery of psychological questionnaires (expectations; IEI-EMF; state anxiety - STAI-S; dispositional optimism - LOT-R; somatisation - PHQ-15; somatosensory amplification - SSAS) before, and checklists of physical symptoms during sham exposure to "weak" and "strong" EMFs, respectively. Participants were also asked about the extent to which they had perceived the presence of the presumed EMF.
Results: Participants with higher IEI-EMF scores expected and experienced more symptoms. Suggestion of stronger EMF exposure resulted in larger symptom scores and enhanced EMF-perception as compared to the presumed weaker exposure. Experienced symptom scores were predicted primarily by somatisation scores, whereas self-rating of IEI-EMF was predicted by somatosensory amplification scores.
Conclusion: The results confirm that there is considerable nocebo effect in symptom reports related to 50Hz frequency EMFs. IEI-EMF seems to be formed through a vicious circle of psychosocial factors, such as enhanced perception of risk and expectations, self-monitoring, somatisation and somatosensory amplification, causalization and misattribution
Perspectivization and modes of quoting in Hungarian
Get PDFThis paper examines modes of quoting with special regard to the organization of
perspective. Due to the pragmatic interest of the study, our focus is on the functioning of two
context-dependent vantage points, the subject of consciousness and the referential centre.
Our key question about the former is to whom speaking as a sign of active consciousness is
attributed and how this is linguistically marked. As regards the latter, the central issue is from
where and how the spatio-temporal and interpersonal relations of the quoted discourse are
represented.
Further problems to be discussed include the questions of how and to what extent
quoting is associated with pragmatic or metapragmatic awareness, and how various quoting
modes may differ along this dimension.
Although the paper is mostly concerned with a ‘universal pragmatic’ characterization
of the functioning of perspective in quotations, it also highlights some language-particular
features of Hungarian quoting strategies and touches on their evolution in the history of the
language
