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Clonal hematopoiesis is common in bone marrow of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma
No full textThe term ‘clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential’ (CHIP) was first introduced by Steensma et al. for individuals carrying somatic leukemia-associated mutations with a variant allele frequency (VAF) ≥2%.1 Aging is strongly associated with the prevalence of CHIP. In the young age group (60 years), the phenomenon of clonal hematopoiesis is present in 10-15% of people.4 The clonal expansions most frequently involve somatic mutations in genes that have previously been implicated in hematologic cancers (DNMT3A, ASXL1, TET2, etc.),5 especially myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloid leukemias. It is now widely accepted that mutations can also be detected in genes that are recurrently mutated in lymphoid malignancies, thus CHIP should be distinguished into myeloid CHIP (M-CHIP) and lymphoid CHIP (L-CHIP)
Evidence-based clinical standard for the diagnosis and treatment of candidemia in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit
No full textCandidemia is the predominant form of invasive candidiasis and the most frequently occurring serious fungal infection in critically ill patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Studies carried out in Latin America reveal a higher incidence of candidemia and higher mortality rates when compared to North America or Europe. This highlights the need to develop guidelines for correctly diagnosing and treating candidemia in critically ill patients in the ICU. These guidelines are part of the efforts to implement antifungal optimization programs in the region to obtain better clinical outcomes and promote rational antifungal use. This evidence-based clinical standard, established through expert consensus for the Latin American context, contains recommendations and algorithms for diagnosing and treating candidemia in critically ill ICU patients
Left Anterior Descending Artery to Right Coronary Artery Bifurcation Stenting with Culotte Technique in Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction
No full textCoronary artery anomalies are defined as abnormal origin, course, or termination of any of the three main epicardial coronary arteries. These anomalies are typically asymptomatic and are often discovered incidentally. However, certain anomalies may be associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, syncope, ventricular arrhythmias, and exercise-induced sudden cardiac death. A single coronary artery anomaly is a very rare form of coronary artery anomaly and typically supplies a large myocardial perfusion area. Here, we describe an extremely rare case of a single coronary artery anomaly in which the right coronary artery (RCA) originates from the mid-segment of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. The patient presented with acute inferior myocardial infarction and underwent LAD/RCA bifurcation stenting using the Culotte technique
Microbiome analysis of 940 lung cancers in neversmokers reveals lack of clinically relevant associations
No full textIn spite of the growing interest in the microbiome in human cancer, there are currently only small-scale lung cancer microbiome studies conducted directly on tissue. As part of the Sherlock-Lung study, we studied the microbiomes of 940 lung cancers (4,090 samples) in never smokers (LCINS) directly from lung tissue using three data types: 16S rRNA gene sequencing (16S), whole-genome sequencing (WGS) with paired blood, and RNA-seq. We observe very low biomass and few microbiome associations in LCINS using 16S and WGS tissue. Using RNA-seq, we observe more total microbial reads, and decreased relative abundance of several commensal bacteria at the genus and species levels in tumors relative to paired normal lung tissue. Among all datasets, we see no consistent associations between the lung tissue microbiome, or circulating bacterial DNA, and any available demographic and clinical features, including age, sex, genetic ancestry, second-hand tobacco smoking exposure, LCINS histology, stage, and overall survival. We also observe no microbiome associations with any human genomic alterations within the same samples. Every null result should be interpreted with caution given the possibility of future methodological breakthroughs. However, all together, using multiple data types in nearly 1,000 patients, we find no substantive role for the lung cancer microbiome in treatment-naïve LCINS
Validating a Target-Enrichment Design for CapturingUniparental Haplotypes in Ancient Domesticated Animals
No full textThis work was supported by H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Actions (897931-PALEOS,
895107-ARAUCANA,
101062645-ZEPHYRUS,
and
101032990-PALEOQUINOA),
Zone Atelier PYGAR, the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) through the CoproDNA project (ANR-17-
CE27-
0004),
the
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the European Research Council (ERC) under the projects Horsepower (101071707), anthropYXX (101117101),
PEGASUS (681605), and DEATHREVOL (949330). Additional support was provided by the PrimiGenomes project (101054984), the Fondo Social Europeo
and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, RYC2020-029656-
I),
and the Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución
Humana. Institutional funding was received from the Science for Life Laboratory, the Swedish Research Council (2021-00625),
Université de Toulouse
(PhD Fellowship) and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) through the AnimalFarm project. Further support came from the Junta de
Comunidades de Castilla-La
Mancha (SBPLY/24/180801/000019)
Lineamientos para la gestión del Repositorio en material de ciencia, tecnología e innovación del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas
No full textPolíticas del repositori
Severe morbidity following pancreatectomy with vascular reconstruction: impact of intraoperative vascular events and grafted venous reconstructions
No full textBackground
Vascular resection and reconstruction during pancreatic surgery has become increasingly common in high-volume centers. However, the impact of intraoperative vascular events and complex venous reconstructions on severe morbidity remains understudied.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 77 patients who underwent pancreatic resection with vascular reconstruction at a high-volume tertiary care center between January 2010 and December 2024. Perioperative factors were evaluated through univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results
Intraoperative events occurred in 25 % of the patients; severe morbidity (≥ IIIb according to the Clavien–Dindo classification) was observed in 31 %, and the mortality rate was 3.9 %. Severe morbidity was significantly influenced by intraoperative events (OR=4.3, 95 % CI 1.3–14.6, p = 0.016) and type 4 venous reconstruction (OR=12.7, 95 % CI 1.5–280, p = 0.037). Despite the increasing proportion of type 3 and type 4 venous reconstructions performed over the years, the rates of severe morbidity have remained stable. A notable improvement in the R0 resection rate for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was observed after 2019, with a significant shift toward more complex venous reconstructions.
Conclusion
Intraoperative events and type 4 venous reconstruction significantly increase the risk of severe morbidity in pancreatic surgery. These findings underscore the importance of surgical planning, expertise in vascular procedures, and multidisciplinary care to improve outcomes
Exercise in patients with metastatic prostate cancer: A comprehensive review
No full textProstate cancer (PC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Metastatic PC remains an incurable disease, with the androgen receptor (AR) pathway being the primary driver of tumor progression and the main target for therapeutic strategies. Thus, patients usually undergo long-term treatments, particularly androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which can worsen the intrinsic deterioration in quality of life (QoL) caused by the disease burden. Increasing evidence supports the use of physical activity (PA) and structured exercise (EX) as complementary measures to mitigate treatment-related adverse effects and improve clinical outcomes across tumor types. EX has shown benefits across multiple systems and plays a significant role in modulating tumor progression through several cellular pathways. Furthermore, it has confirmed potential to alleviate cancer-related symptoms while enhancing functional capacity and tolerability of treatment. This review gathers the current evidence regarding the impact of PA and EX on patients with metastatic PC, integrating both epidemiological and interventional studies. Despite promising findings, most of the available evidence is documented on non-metastatic populations, highlighting the need for directed studies in advanced disease settings. Future research is needed in metastatic PC patients, in order to assess long-term impacts of EX in this population
Chilean Biobanks: A Snapshot of the Current Landscape
No full textLatin America hosts extraordinary biological diversity but remains underrepresented in global biomedical research, underscoring the need for robust biobanking infrastructures. This work provides an updated snapshot of Chilean biobanks, based on a national survey exploring their current capacities and challenges. Nine active biobanks were identified across 5 of Chile’s 16 regions, the majority concentrated in Santiago. Collectively, they store over 640,000 biospecimens from nearly 49,000 participants, predominantly oncological. While standardized protocols for sample management are broadly implemented by Chilean biobanks, data management practices are not yet well-developed, as only a few centers have adopted internationally recognized standards. Governance structures vary considerably and often lack formal written documentation. Financial sustainability relies mainly on institutional support, competitive grants, and modest cost recovery. Although Chilean biobanks contribute to research and training, measuring productivity remains challenging due to underreported acknowledgments and limited post-transfer traceability. Overall, our analysis suggests a bottom-up development of Chilean biobanks in the absence of dedicated legislation or strategic governmental policies. This overview shows that Chile’s biobanks hold considerable potential for strengthening translational research and health equity, particularly if further support enables expansion into underrepresented regions. By integrating these infrastructures into higher education, clinical care, and broader regional collaborations, biobanks can help leverage Chilean genetic diversity and address health disparities. With greater governmental prioritization, a cohesive regulatory framework, and collaboration as a key strength, biobanks could enhance interaction with global networks and further strengthen Latin America’s overall contribution to biomedical innovatio
Special histological subtypes of breast cancer in a Hispanic Latino population
No full textIntroduction
Special histologic subtypes of breast cancer have a unique biological behavior and outcomes. The literature has demonstrated that histologic and phenotype subclassification of breast cancer varies according to race and populations. Our aim was to describe the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of breast cancer with special histological subtypes in a Latin/Hispanic population.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted. We reviewed the medical records of patients newly diagnosed with special histological subtypes of breast cancer at a single tertiary reference cancer center in Peru from 2014 to 2019.
Results
A total of 479 patients were included, the median age at diagnosis was 55 years (range 26–89). The majority of patients were from a metropolitan area (59.1%). The most common histological subtype was lobular (34.9%), followed by mucinous (12.7%), papillary (12.5%), apocrine (6.9%), metaplastic (5.4%), medullary (3.8%), cribriform (3.3%), neuroendocrine (0.8%), and 9.2% mixed histology. 61.6% had
a moderately differentiated grade. The most common phenotype at diagnosis was HR+HER2- (57.7%), followed by triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)(13.2%), showing a similar pattern after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT); HR+HER- (61.7%), and TNBC (16.3%). At diagnosis most patients were stage T2 (40.3%), N0 (61.0%) and stage II (40.7%); while after NAT, stage I (64.7%) was the most common. In regard
PLOS One | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0333139 October 3, 2025 2 / 25 to NAT, 45.9% received chemotherapy, 31.5% hormone therapy, 15.7% trastuzumab, and 5.8% radiotherapy. The majority underwent mastectomy (71.4%). In relation to adjuvant treatment, 72.7% received chemotherapy, 74.1% hormone therapy, 9.4% trastuzumab, and 76.4% radiotherapy. Loco-regional and distant recurrence occurred in 4.2% and 12.7%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 97 months (8 years), the overall survival (OS) at 5 years was 82%, with patients with cribriform histology presenting the best rate (100%) compared to the worst observed in patients with metaplastic histology (54%).
Conclusions
The most frequent special histologic subtypes of breast cancer in Latino-Hispanic patients were lobular, mucinous, papillary, metaplastic, and apocrine carcinomas. Patients were diagnosed at more advanced stages and more frequently presented a TNBC phenotype compared to the non-Hispanic White population. Certain histological subtypes in our population presented worse OS rates