Transcontinental Human Trajectories
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O processo de envelhecimento no âmbito da garantia de acesso a saúde e assistência social no Brasil
No full textO mundo vem sofrendo grandes transformações sociais, tanto em inovações tecnológicas, econômicas, como demográficas. Nesse contexto, o envelhecimento observado pelo prisma do aumento demográfico, a projeção que se faz para 2050 que a população idosa será de cerca de 2 bilhões de pessoas. Este número traduz a profunda alteração populacional que se registra em todas as regiões do planeta. Nesse contexto, o Brasil apresenta uma perspectiva de crescimento deste grupo de pessoas para as próximas décadas, devendo atingir 41,5 milhões, em 2030, e 73,5 milhões, em 2060. As causas diretas desta evolução se vinculam à melhoria das condições de vida e ao progresso da medicina, todavia, ainda permanecem os grandes e primários problemas sociais, como a miséria de grande parte da população do planeta. A desigualdade social é o principal desencadeador de situações de vulnerabilidade e riscos sociais de grandes contingentes populacionais minoritários como os idosos. Assim sendo, o Brasil por sua vez, apresenta uma população em processo acelerado de envelhecimento, se pode atribuir a isso, nos últimos tempos, à melhorias da qualidade de vida, e o acesso as políticas públicas de saúde e de assistência social, no entanto, ainda persistem a discriminação e a violência, principalmente para essa faixa etária, pois, é visto como “um fardo”, muitas vezes necessita de cuidados da família e, na ausência desta, da presença do estado na oferta de acolhimento e atenção durante esse período de vida. Portanto, é preciso discutir e repensar a inserção de pessoas no processo de envelhecimento nesse novo contexto de longevidade, pensando em alternativas que garantam a autonomia de vida com saúde e, para aqueles que necessitam, alternativas de cuidados que lhes garantam qualidade de vida.The world has been undergoing major social transformations, both in technological, economic and demographic innovations. In this context, aging observed through the prism of population increase, the projection made for 2050 that the elderly population will be around 2 billion people. This number reflects the profound population change that is registered in all regions of the planet. In this context, Brazil presents a perspective of growth of this group of people for the next decades, which is expected to reach 41.5 million in 2030 and 73.5 million in 2060. The direct causes of this evolution are linked to the improvement of living conditions and the progress of medicine, however, the great and primary social problems still remain, like the misery of a large part of the planet's population. Social inequality is the main trigger of situations of vulnerability and social risks of large minority population groups like the elderly. Therefore, Brazil, in turn, has a population in an accelerated process of aging, this can be attributed, in recent times, to improvements in the quality of life, and access to public health and social assistance policies, however, discrimination and violence still persist, especially for this age group, because it is seen as "a burden", and often needs care from the family and, in the absence of the latter, the presence of the state in offering care and attention during this period of life. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss and rethink the insertion of people in the aging process in this new context of longevity, thinking about alternatives that guarantee the autonomy of life with health and, for those in need, alternatives of care that guarantee quality of life
Les enjeux d’usage d’une solution numérique, pour le réentrainement à l’effort de patients atteints d’une maladie chronique, depuis leur domicile
No full textLe projet ADEPINA a pour principale vocation de relever le défi du réentraînement à l’effort (RE) à domicile par médiation numérique. Au cours de la phase de création du support technologique devant permettre à un patient et un professionnel d’interagir à distance tout au long du programme de RE, deux focus group ont été organisés pour commencer à anticiper les usages à venir et l’acceptabilité du dispositif envisagé. D’un côté avec des patient-e-s, de l’autre avec des professionnels, ces deux temps d’échanges se sont fait le théâtre d’une attente commune aux deux acteurs, celle d’une relation soignant-soignée perpétuée par la technologie malgré la distanciation physique et dont les enjeux psychologiques et sociaux traditionnels risquent de s’y trouver amplifiés.The main purpose of the ADEPINA project is to take up the challenge of digitally mediated home exercise rehabilitation. During the phase of creation of the technological support, which should allow a patient and a professional to interact remotely throughout the rehabilitation program, two focus groups were organized to begin to anticipate the future uses and acceptability of the planned device. These two exchanges, organized with patients on the one hand and the professionals on the other hand, were the scene of an expectation common to both actors, that of a patient-caregiver relationship perpetuated by technology despite the physical distance and whose traditional psychological and social issues risk being amplified
Mobilité des personnes âgées dans les territoires ruraux : quelles perspectives en France ?
No full textCet article concerne le sujet du monde rural au prisme de la mobilité. En France, comme dans la majorité des pays développés, les personnes âgées souffrent d’un extrême isolement. C’est particulièrement vrai en zone rurale : la population y est plus âgée, plus précaire, plus dépendante de la voiture, plus éloignée des services. Pour les personnes âgées, le moment de la déprise automobile constitue une rupture du point de vue de la mobilité, et donc de la vie sociale. Depuis longtemps, Auxilia s’est intéressé aux enjeux de mobilité des seniors en zone rurale. Cet article propose de tirer des leçons de missions réalisées au sein d’Auxilia, en les mettant en perspective avec des travaux de chercheurs portant sur les personnes âgées, le monde rural et la mobilité. Dans quelle mesure les solutions alternatives à la voiture individuelle déployées dans les territoires ruraux rencontrent-elles les personnes âgées ? Comment concilient-elles les différents objectifs et différents publics qui leur sont attribués ? Nous chercherons à répondre à ces questions en analysant dans un premier temps le cas d’un service rural pensé spécifiquement pour les personnes âgées, puis en ouvrant dans un second temps à d’autres solutions adressées à un public plus large.This paper concerns the subject of the rural world through the prism of mobility. In France, as in most developed countries, elderly people suffer from extreme isolation. This is particularly true in rural areas : the population is older, more precarious, more dependent on the car and further away from services. For the elderly, the moment when the car is no longer needed is a break in mobility, and therefore in social life. For a long time, Auxilia has been interested in the mobility issues of seniors in rural areas. This paper proposes to draw lessons from missions carried out within Auxilia, by putting them in perspective with the work of researchers on the elderly, the rural world and mobility. To what extent do alternatives to car ownership meet the needs of the elderly in rural territories ? How do they reconcile their different objectives and thieur targeted audiences ? We will try to answer these questions by first analyzing the case of a rural service to the designed specifically for the elderly, and then by opening up to other solutions addressed to a wider public
Étude d’opinion des Mauricien.nes sur les maladies mentales pouvant être stigmatisantes en particulier concernant les personnes âgées
No full textQuelle image nous vient-il à l’esprit lorsque l’on pense à une personne atteinte de troubles neurologiques ? Les stéréotypes abondent : soit c’est une personne qui hurle et fracasse tout autour d’elle, soit c’est une personne, assise, silencieuse, sans voix. Pour le premier cas, on l’appellera un fou ou dans le langage mauricien ou le créole « fouca » ou « pagla » ; et pour le deuxième cas, on pense à un vieux, atteint d’Alzheimer. L’Autre, atteint de démence, est souvent perçu comme ayant une identité fragmentée. Il perd ainsi toute sa dignité humaine lorsqu’il est vu comme un personnage inquiétant ou qui fait honte, et lorsqu’il doit être enfermé ou caché de la société. Déconnecté du monde humain, il devient un mort-vivant. Notre étude, toujours dans un état embryonnaire, a pour objectif à court terme de faire un état des lieux des personnes âgées atteintes de troubles neurologiques à Maurice. Nous avons contacté les ONG, des chercheurs travaillant sur le sujet et nous avons aussi fait un sondage sur la perception des Mauriciens sur les personnes âgées atteintes de troubles neurologiques. Les résultats et analyses nous amènent à conclure que davantage d’effort doit être fait pour sensibiliser les gens afin de réduire les stigmates et ainsi créer une société plus inclusive.What comes to our mind when we think of someone with neurological disorders? Stereotypes abound : either it is someone screaming and smashing everything around him/her, or it is a person, sitting, silent, speechless. For the first case, we will call him/her “mad” or in the Mauritian language or Creole "fouca" or "pagla"; and in the second case, we think of an old person suffering from Alzheimer. The Other, suffering from dementia is often perceived as someone with a fragmented identity. People with mental disorders tend to lose their human dignity, especially when their presence worries and brings shame, and they are locked up and hidden from society. Disconnected from the human world, they become the living dead. Our study, still in an embryonic state, aims, in the short term, to look into neurological disorders of the elderly in Mauritius. We contacted NGOs, researchers working on the subject and also launched a survey on the perception of Mauritians on elderly people with neurological disorders. Our results and analysis lead us to conclude that more effort must be made to raise awareness in order to reduce the stigma and thus create a more inclusive society
Mulheres refugiadas: reflexões sobre o processo de envelhecimento e o acesso as políticas públicas no Brasil
No full textNa última década (2010/2020), se observa a intensificação da mobilidade humana no Brasil, marcadamente de pessoas na condição de solicitantes de refúgio e que se deslocam forçadamente em busca de proteção por perseguição por questões de raça, religião, opinião política, nacionalidade, pertencimento a grupos minoritários, em flagrante e efetiva violação dos direitos humanos. Embora as pessoas na condição de solicitante de refúgio ou refugiadas sejam, na maioria homens, na última década, houve uma transformação no quadro sociodemográfico, podendo assim, se caracterizar um crescimento da população feminina se deslocando, inclusive no Brasil. Segundo o CONARE – Comitê Nacional para Refugiados, em 2019, considerando pessoas venezuelanas, que são o maior número em busca de refúgio no Brasil, 49,0% são homens e 45,1% são de mulheres, sendo que, deste percentual, cerca de 390 são mulheres na faixa etária acima de 60 anos. Considerando que essas mulheres, no processo de deslocamento sofrem violência nos seus vários aspectos, é preciso considerar a necessidade de se discutir as questões ligas ao envelhecimento e as formas de acesso as políticas públicas de atenção as pessoas idosas. Assim, é preciso refletir tanto sobre o acolhimento imediato dessas mulheres, quanto nas questões relacionadas ao processo de envelhecimento, visando prevenir todas as formas de violência, seja cultural, econômica, social, psicológica em busca de oferecer políticas públicas que ofereçam uma vida digna.In the last decade (2010/2020), there has been na intensification of human mobility in Brazil, especially of people who are oncondition of refugee and are forced to move in serch of protection from persecution for reasons of race, religion, pilotical opinion, nationality or belonging to minority groups in flagrant and effective violation of human rights. Although people in the condition of refugee requester or refugee are in most cases men, in the last decade, there has been a transformation in the socio demographic Picture and thus, it can be characterized as na increase in the female population on the move, including in Brazil. According to CONARE- National Committee for Refugees in 2019, considering Venezuelan people who are the laegest number seeking refuge um Brazil, 49.0% are men and 45.1% are women ando f this percentage about 390 are women over age of 60. Considering that these women in the process of displacement suffer violence in various aspects, we must consider the need to discuss issues related to ageing and forms of access to public policies for the care od the elderly. Thus, it is necessary to reflect both on the ommediate recepton os these women, as well as on issues related to the ageing process, aimd to prevent all forms of violence, cultural, economic, social, psychological in order to offer public policies that offer a dignified life
Memórias e vivências de gênero e sexualidade na perspectiva de idosos brasileiro do século XX
No full textEsta comunicação visa apresentar os resultados das pesquisas desenvolvidas pelos discentes no projeto: Registro de Memórias dos Idosos sobre Sexualidade, Relações de Gênero e a Geração LGBT, vinculado ao Projeto: A Trajetória de Formação no Curso de Pedagogia da Unidade Universitária de Campo Grande desenvolvido na disciplina: Gênero e Educação do referido Curso, da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, financiado pela Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, por meio dos recursos financeiros do Edital nº 025/2015. A ideia de registrar as concepções dos idosos sobre sexualidade e relações de gênero, por meio de um roteiro de conversa surgiu quando apresentamos aos discentes alguns questionamentos em sala de aula: o que é ser autor de um texto? Qual é o mecanismo que possibilita ao pesquisador constituir-se autor? Para refletirmos sobre essas questões desafiamos os discentes, a fazerem um exercício de construção de autoria, por meio da compreensão dessa temática, estabelecendo uma inter-relação com as histórias de vida de idosos e os estudos do campo de gênero e sexualidade. Para subsidiar esse desafio é preciso considerar que ser autor compreende a construção de um estilo próprio. Dessa perspectiva, essas memórias estão marcadas por um contexto histórico que oportunizou aos discentes/autores se verem escrevendo a história de vida desses participantes, momento em que, pelas vozes do Outro, vivenciaram a possibilidade de confrontarem as suas crenças e vivências com as visões de mundo de homens e mulheres do Século XX.Thiscommunicationaims at presenting the results of researches conducted by students in the Register of Elders’ Memories about Sexuality, Gender Relations and the LGBT Generation Project, which was linked to another project-- Trajectory of Formation in Pedagogy Course of the University Unit of Campo Grande--, developed in the discipline Gender and Education of the same course in theStateUniversity of Mato Grosso do Sul. The project was funded by the Foundation for Support of Teaching, Science and Technology DevelopmentoftheStateof Mato Grosso do Sulwith financial resources from the Public Notice# 025/2015. The idea of register in gelders’ conceptions of sexuality and gender relations, by means of a conversational script, occurred when we were presenting some questions to the students in the classroom: what does it mean to be the author of a text? What is the mechanism that makes are searcher become an author? To reflect on those issues and fully understand that theme, we challengedthestudents to do an exercise of buildingauthorship, establishing an interrelationship betweenthe elders’ life stories and studies ongender and sexuality. But, before facing that challenge,it is necessary to know that being anauthor implies the development of a personal style. From that perspective, thosememoriesare marked by a historical contextthatled the students/authorsto write about those participants’ life storieswhen, through the Other’s voices, they had the possibility to confronttheirownbeliefs and personal experienceswith theworldviewsof20th-century men and women
Suivi de paramètres physiologiques en activité sans ondes radio
No full textLe vieillissement de la population mondiale conduit à une augmentation des maladies liées à la vieillesse, aggravant la fragilité et donc réduisant l’autonomie des personnes âgées. Les réseaux de capteurs corporels sans fil font partie des solutions étudiées depuis plusieurs années pour surveiller et ainsi prévenir la santé des personnes âgées. La plupart des dispositifs existants proposent des communications sans fil basées sur des technologies radio fréquences (RF). Cependant les interférences électromagnétiques et les risques pour la santé des ondes radio constituent un frein au déploiement. Ainsi, une alternative originale dans ce contexte est l'utilisation des technologies de communication optique sans fil.L’équipe Sycomor du laboratoire XLIM travaille depuis plusieurs années sur cette technologie, en particulier la modélisation du canal et l’évaluation des performances pour les réseaux de capteurs corporels et collabore sur le sujet avec le laboratoire HAVAE de l’Université de Limoges, le CHU de Limoges, La Fondation partenariale de l’université et le centre de transfert de technologie CISTEME sur différents volets applicatifs. Parmi les applications, on retrouve les environnements où les ondes radios sont à limiter, principalement pour des raisons de santé ou de sécurité des informations transmises. Les ondes radios sont déconseillées pour les nourrissons et peuvent poser des problèmes de compatibilité et d’interférence pour des personnes portant des dispositifs électroniques implantés. Ainsi, les travaux menés par l’équipe portent aussi bien sur la surveillance du jeune enfant que sur celle de la personne âgée ou fragile.The aging of the world population is leading to an increase in diseases, aggravating the frailty and therefore reducing the autonomy of the elderly. Wireless body sensor networks are one of the solutions studied for several years to monitor and thus prevent the health disabilities of the elderly. Most of the existing devices offer wireless communications based on radio frequency (RF) technologies. However, electromagnetic interference and the health risks of radio waves constitute a brake on deployment. Thus, an original alternative in this context is the use of wireless optical communication technologies.The Sycomor team of the XLIM laboratory has been working for several years on this technology, in particular on channel modeling and performance evaluation for body area networks. Several collaborations on the subject have been established : with the HAVAE laboratory of University of Limoges, Limoges University Hospital Center, University Partnership Foundation and CISTEME, the technology transfer center close to laboratory concerns. Among the applications, we focus on environments where radio waves are not recommended, mainly for health reasons or regarding security of the transmitted information. Particularly, in the context of young children or for people wearing implanted electronic devices, radio waves are not suitable. Thus, the work carried out by the team covers both the supervision of the young child and that of the elderly or fragile person
Mur invisible et visibilité des murs : la claustration féminine chez Marlen Haushofer
No full textLe roman de Marlen Haushofer, Le mur invisible (Die Wand), met brutalement une jeune femme en situation d’être seule survivante d’une probable catastrophe planétaire. Dans la vallée où elle réside, elle va déployer tous les moyens nécessaires à sa survie. L’article analyse, à côté des conditions matérielles, comment cette solitude forcenée agit sur l’équilibre psychique et comment se réorganise l’identité d’un être social spolié de toute société.La novela de Marlen Haushofer, The Invisible Wall (Die Wand), coloca brutalmente a una joven en la posición de ser la única sobreviviente de una probable catástrofe planetaria. En el valle donde vive, desplegará todos los medios necesarios para su supervivencia. El artículo analiza, junto a las condiciones materiales, cómo esta frenética soledad actúa sobre el equilibrio mental y cómo se reorganiza la identidad de un ser social despojado de cualquier sociedad.O romance de Marlen Haushofer, The Invisible Wall (Die Wand), coloca brutalmente uma jovem na posição de ser a única sobrevivente de uma provável catástrofe planetária. No vale onde mora, ela implantará todos os meios necessários para sua sobrevivência. O artigo analisa, ao lado das condições materiais, como essa solidão frenética atua no equilíbrio mental e como se reorganiza a identidade de um ser social despojado de qualquer sociedade.Marlen Haushofer's novel, The Invisible Wall (Die Wand), brutally puts a young woman in the position of being the sole survivor of a probable planetary catastrophe. In the valley where she lives, she will deploy all the means necessary for her survival. The article analyzes, alongside material conditions, how this frenzied loneliness acts on mental balance and how the identity of a social being robbed of any society is reorganized
“Enseñando a mis abuelos”: didáctica y creatividad abrazando generaciones
No full textEl año 2020 fue excepcional en términos de incertidumbre y aislamiento para todos, pero ha sido aún más difícil para las personas mayores. En una sociedad que tiende a idealizar la juventud e infravalorar la tercera edad, la irrupción de una enfermedad que afectó especialmente a los más mayores los apartó aún más, precisamente como mecanismo de protección. De acuerdo con Cherian:Los ancianos son propensos al aislamiento social incluso en circunstancias normales, y este problema se ha ampliado aún más en el clima actual (….) Tristemente, es un símbolo de los tiempos que no visitar a parientes mayores con la intención de no exponerles a la infección se haya convertido en una muestra de amor. Ni que decir tiene que la falta de interacción social puede precipitar o empeorar el estado de ánimo y los problemas de ansiedad en los ancianos (2020).Por eso decidí poner en marcha un proyecto en el grado de Educación Primaria Bilingüe para que los estudiantes enseñaran inglés (aspectos lingüísticos y/o culturales) a una persona de más de 65 años de su entorno utilizando llamadas, video conferencias, mensajes de WhatsApp…. El resultado fue un aumento en el tiempo que los chicos pasaron con sus mayores, aprendiendo vocabulario, pronunciación, situando ciudades en mapas…, a la vez que aumentaba su autoestima, estimulaban su creatividad y afianzaban sus enlaces afectivos (Ortiz J, Castro M, 2009). Después, algunas de estas experiencias fueron reflejadas en un perfil de Instagram creado para el proyecto llamado “teaching_my_grandparents”, lo que dio lugar a la reflexión de cómo las redes sociales pueden y deben ofrecer visibilidad a todas las generaciones.2020 has been very hard in terms of the uncertainty and isolation for everybody, but it´s been exceptionally hard for elderly people. Young people still live with their parents, so even though they can´t see their friends so often, they are not so exposed to loneliness. According to Cherian:The elderly is prone to social isolation even under normal circumstances, and this problem has been further amplified in the current climate (….) It is sadly a sign of the times that not visiting older relatives, with the intention of not inadvertently exposing them to infection, has now become a symbol of love. Needless to say, the lack of outlets for social interaction can precipitate or worsen mood and anxiety issues in the elderly (2020).That is why I organized a project in the Bilingual Primary Education degree for students to teach English (linguistic and/or cultural aspects) to a person over 65 years of age in their environment using calls, video conferences, WhatsApp messages… The result was an increase in the time the students spent with their elders, learning vocabulary, pronunciation, putting cities on maps..., while increasing their self-esteem, stimulating their creativity and strengthening their affective bonds (Ortiz J, Castro M, 2009). Afterwards, some of these experiences were reflected in an Instagram profile created for the project called "teaching_my_grandparents", which led to reflection on how social networks can and should offer visibility to all generations
Le travail collaboratif des clowns et des soignants en EHPAD : agir ensemble pour le « bien vieillir »
No full textLe vieillissement des populations constitue un contexte sociétal à considérer dans la prise en soin des situations de grande vulnérabilité et de perte d’autonomie. L’entrée en institution peut agir comme un véritable déracinement des personnes avec la difficulté pour les professionnels de les accompagner lorsqu’elles n’expriment plus de besoin. Cela oblige les soignants à ne pas considérer ce silence comme une absence de demande, sachant que les soins axés sur les déficits restent dominants dans leur pratique professionnelle au détriment du modèle de soins fondés sur les forces de la personne. L’intervention de clowns en Établissement d’Hébergement pour Personnes Âgées Dépendantes (EHPAD) relève d’une dynamique relationnelle innovante, visant l’éveil des potentialités des personnes, dans une démarche collaborative avec les soignants pour faire vivre ensemble le « bien vieillir ». Nous avons retenu l’idée que ce dispositif constitue une opportunité pour les soignants de faire évoluer leur regard sur la personne âgée dans une approche émancipatrice. Le travail des clowns est vu comme un évènement « déclencheur » d’une série d’actions émanant des soignants pour s’adapter à l’introduction de cette pratique inédite dans ce milieu de soins. La recherche a porté le regard sur ce processus de changement avec la mise en évidence des dynamiques relationnelles entre clowns et soignants, soulignant des points en faveur ou non d’une pratique collaborative sur le « bien vieillir ». Les temps de partage entre clowns et soignants favoriseraient cette dynamique par l’interaction réflexive sur les actions clownées en vue d’améliorer le bien-être des résidents.The ageing of populations constitutes a societal context to be considered in the taking care of situations of great vulnerability and loss of autonomy. Entry into an institution can act as a real uprooting of people with the difficulty for professionals to accompany them when they no longer express a need. This requires caregivers not to view this silence as a lack of demand, knowing that deficit-based care remains dominant in their professional practice to the detriment of the strengths-based model of care. The intervention of clowns in Accommodation Establishments for Dependent Elderly People is part of an innovative relational dynamic, aimed at awakening the potentialities of people in a collaborative approach with caregivers to live together “aging well” . We have retained the idea that this device constitutes an opportunity for caregivers to evolve their view of the elderly in an emancipatory approach. The work of clowns is seen as a "trigger" event of a series of actions by caregivers to adapt to the introduction of this new practice in this care setting. The research focused on this process of change, highlighting the relational dynamics between clowns and caregivers, underlining points in favour or not of a collaborative practice on "aging well". Sharing time between clowns and caregivers would promote this dynamic through reflective interaction on the clowning actions in order to improve the well-being of residents