Riviste Online SApienza - R.O.SA - 2 (Sapienza University of Rome)
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Illustrated key to the genera and a checklist of Italian Vespidae (Hymenoptera)
Get PDFAn illustrated key for the identification of genera and subgenera, and a checklist of Italian Vespidae (Hymenoptera) are presented
Emerging housing policies. Affordable housing and urban property
No full textAccess to housing is a main challenge for contemporary urban policies. Community Land Trusts encounter a growing interest as ways to ensure affordable housing. They are based on three elements: the disjunction of land ownership from the enjoyment of housing; the limitation of the rent; the tripartite governance involving residents, the local community, and public stakeholders. CLT represents – not public nor private - housing policies aiming to ensure the right to the city for medium and low-income people and minorities. In France, a similar institution directly inspired to CLT, the Organisme de Foncier Solidaire (OFS), was included in the urban code in 2014 and many major cities have supported its development for avoiding middle-class suburbanization. This paper analyses the genesis and circulation of CLT between US and Europe, especially focusing on the French OFS. Both American and French solutions represent innovative policies characterized by a performative use of property aiming to reverse exclusivity and to contrast the urban rent promoting social access. Despite recurrent references to the CLT, OFS does not promote community participation actually seeking the contrast of real estate speculation and the control of public funds more than the general politicization of affordable housing as urban commons
Assessment of MT-InSAR processing techniques for slow-moving landslides monitoring in Cuenca (Ecuador) through double-band SAR satellite
No full textLandslides are among the most intense geological disasters worldwide. Several remote sensing techniques have been used to study these phenomena over the last few decades, including Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Multi-Temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radars (MT-InSAR), in particular, Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) and Permanent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI). The University of Azuay and highway infrastructure (Cuenca - Ecuador) were affected by slow-moving landslides which in urban areas had more noticeable deformation effects due to their crowns. Furthermore, evidence indicates that the landslide toe was developed in a rural area. To study landslide boundary and deformation kinematics comprehensively, we need to observe two distinct scattering surfaces using SAR imagery (high coherence areas in the urban area and low coherence areas in the rural area). We can also observe different distributions in X- and C-bands due to the rural area covered by vegetation and trees at the toe of the landslide. Two sets of radar images were analyzed and compared for monitoring the aforementioned slow-moving landslide kinematics, including Sentinel1-A (S1-A) and COSMO-SkyMed (CSK). PSI and SBAS techniques have been used to measure the rate of surface deformation and displacement time series at CSK over the period (2017-2019) and S1-A units over the period (2015-2018), respectively. Furthermore, a GNSS station in the stable area was used as a reference station to integrate the PSI and SBAS results over space. Then, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm (K-medians) was used to determine the most appropriate intervals for preparing mean deformation rate maps. Finally, a comparison was made between the outputs obtained from this study and displacement recorded at two additional GNSS stations located in the area affected by deformation. As a result, by comparing and monitoring double-band SAR satellites and different SAR image processing techniques, it became possible to analyze the whole landslide of our case study appropriately
Correlation of multiplatform sar-data for multitemporal slope instability analysis: the Paupisi case study (Benevento Province, southern Italy)
No full textThe Benevento Province (southern Italy) has been historically affected by soil erosion and ground deformation (i.e. landslides; Revellino et alii, 2019), as testified by documents and reports which describe damage scenario, social effects, surveys and measures carried out. Revellino et alii (2010) highlighted as the landslide index, defined as the ratio of areas affected by landslides over total areas, reaches up to 90%. Earth flows make up about 46% of these landslides, involving structurally complex geologic formations and often responsible for damaging human infrastructures (e.g. roads and service lines; Guerriero et alii, 2016; Maresca et alii, 2022). As a result, the province has widespread problems in management of the landslide hazard, due to the activation (and reactivation) of phenomena connected to both rainfall and seismic events. In order to reconstruct state of activity maps for the Benevento Province, a multitemporal analysis of multiplatform satellite data was carried out, with a resolution of cells of 20×20 m. In particular, PSInSAR (ERS 1&2 for the time-span 1992-2000, ENVISAT for 2002-2010, and RADARSAT for 2003-2007) and ISBAS data (Sentinel-1 for 2017-2020), were first treated by a grid-based approach to uniform the PS data and subsequently, by a multiplatform approach defining weighted average velocity (VWA) maps on the base of the extent of the area with data availability. Finally, a multiplatform activity-matrix approach allowed the definition of landslide activity maps based on a velocity threshold of ± 3 mm/y, derived by VWA maps. Specifically, velocity threshold allowed to discriminate for each cell of the analyzed area i) stable cells (velocities between ± 3 mm/y), ii) unstable cells (velocities greater than ± 3 mm/y), iii) cells with no data (unclassified). The multiplatform activity-matrix approach at provincial scale was used to identify and analyze unstable area (hotspots), currently involved in active deformation processes. Among them, the Paupisi municipality (Benevento Province) was identified as critical for the involvement of built-up areas and infrastructures in landslide deformation processes. For that reason, Paupisi area was selected as study case and a detailed analysis of the PS distribution as well as reconstruction and evaluation of deformation trend were carried out. Finally, a relation between land deformation and rainfall events was also investigated
A geochemical study of the main valleys’ waters on the left part of Mosul (Iraq)
No full textIncreases in population and the expansion of industrial and agricultural operations result in an increase in agricultural and industrial trash as well as residential waste that is dumped directly into rivers and streams. These pollutants typically pollute river or stream water. This study focuses on the effects of domestic, industrial, and agricultural waste water on the water quality of the five main valleys in the left part of Mosul City: Al-Rashediya, Al-Kharrazi, Al-Khosar, Al-Danffilli, and Al-Shoar. Forty-eight samples of the water from these valleys were measured in the field for their physical characteristics (pH, EC, TDS, and Tr). The chemical properties (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-), the heavy elements (Fe, Cu, Pb, Co and Mn) and the organic maters, were analyzed. The results indicated that calcium and bicarbonate are more abundant than other cations and anions, respectively. This mainly indicates the impact of carbonate fragment contents and calcareous cementing materials in the soils that exposed to chemical weathering in the outcrops on water quality. Heavy element pollution factors {The heavy metal pollution index (HPI), Heavy metals rating index (HEL), Metal Index (MI), and Contamination Index (Cd)} generally indicated that the water in the study area is highly polluted and unsuitable for agricultural use. The amounts of pollutants in the rivers of Al-Shoar and Al-Danffilli valleys appear to be higher than those of the other valleys since these valleys are generally the most exposed to waste, especially industrial waste
Susceptibility mapping of shallow landslides inducing debris flows: a comparison of physics-based approaches
No full textThe assessment of timing and potential locations of rainfallinduced shallow landslides through mathematical models represents a challenge for the assessment of landslide hazard, especially in cases with limited or not available data. In fact, modeling slope hydrological response and stability requires accurate estimates of unsaturated/saturated hydraulic and geotechnical properties of materials involved in landsliding, as well as climate and topography. Such aspect is relevant for the prediction of location and timing of landslide events, which is greatly needed to reduce their catastrophic effects in terms of economic losses and casualties. To such a scope, we present the comparison of results of two physics-based models applied to the assessment of susceptibility to shallow rainfall-induced landslides in Valtellina region (northern Italy). The analyses were carried out considering effects of availability, resolution and type of data concerning spatial distribution, thickness and properties of soils coverings. For such a scope, the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability (TRIGRS) and the Climatic Rainfall Hydrogeological Modeling Experiment (CHRyME) models were considered. The study emphasizes issues in performing distributed numerical slope stability modeling depending on the availability of spatially distributed soil properties which hamper the quality of physic-based models. Further analyses aimed at the probabilistic assessment of landslide spatial distribution, related to a specific value of rainfall threshold, can be considered as potentially applicable to multi-scale landslide hazard mapping and extendable to other similar mountainous frameworks
Examples of cliff instability along the Apulian coastlines
No full textApulia (Southern Italy) is among the most important Italian regions in terms of shoreline extension. The coastline is heavily occupied by towns and resorts hosting an increasing number of tourists, attracted by the extreme beauty of the region, especially during the summer season. Many kilometers of coasts are characterized by moderately high to high cliffs, which surely are relevant touristic attractions, but also represent hazards in terms of mass movements. The rock cliff instability processes affect the whole Apulian coastal zone, from the Gargano Promontory to the Salento Peninsula. The degree of instabilities and potential risks have to be related to the unique geological and geomorphological framework of the sites, that include intense development of karst processes, combined to the presence of nearby infrastructures and urban areas. This contribution analyses various examples of cliff instability along the Apulian coastline highlighting as the differences in geology and geomorphology lead to different degrees of hazards
Rediscovery of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Belohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, with notes on its morphology and phylogenetic position (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Belohinidae)
Get PDFBelohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, the only known representative of Belohinidae (Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea) and a Madagascan endemic, is re-described based on recently collected material. Some remarks are provided on its unusual morphology and in particular its mouthparts, with recessed mandibles and membranous epipharynx, its antennae with a V-shaped sensory area and its capsule-like aedeagus, with a regular, unrotated position at rest and the presence of “parameroids”. Data on its life history are also provided, including evidence of stridulation. Finally, its phylogenetic position is briefly discussed based on a molecular analysis, which points towards a sister-group relationship with the genus Orubesa (Dynamopodidae) and with both taxa together being sister to Hybosoridae
The effects of migration on epidemics: issues and models
No full textEpidemics and demographic dynamics frequently interact in the contemporary globalized world and concurrently contribute to the spread of infections. Migrations constitute some relevant demographic dynamics among local communities and, when an epidemic is in act, they add further complexity to the model design of the epidemic and to its evaluation and possible control measures. This paper offers various schemes of epidemic modelling, where the exogenous fractions of susceptible and infected/infectious individuals migrate into a local community on the basis of sociodemographic, economic and climate change issues. A classical Kermack-McKendrick SIR (susceptible-infected-removed) dynamical model is flexible enough to describe the spread of several common infections such as most hepatitis, HIV/AIDS and other STD diseases, all exanthematous infections and others and is here adjusted to accommodate various schemes of migration, both susceptible and infected/infectious. Results of the modelling design provide qualitative information on the overall dynamics of the spread of the infections and can be used to appoint more effective public health measures of control
Una nuova sinistra contro il “neo-capitalismo”. Una riflessione sulle ragioni della crisi socialista e della nascita del PSIUP (1955-1964)
Get PDFA New Left Against “Neo-Capitalism”. A Reflection On the Crisis of Socialism and the Birth of the PSIUP (1955-1964) In order to understand the root causes of the crisis of socialism and the birth of the Partito Socialista Italiano di Unità Proletaria (PSIUP) in the years of the early center-left, it is necessary to investigate also the relationship between the theoretical approach of left-wing socialism and the evolution of the Italian economic system. Indeed, taking into account Rodolfo Morandi’s thinking as well as theanalysis of the transformations of “neo-capitalism”, it is possible to identify the elements which led the PSI’s left-wing area to oppose the official party line via an overall re-positioning of the political strategy.This contribution aims to reflect on such a period as an irreversible crisis within Italian socialism. It also seeks to identify the premises of a new critical culture which will impact dramatically Italian marxism itself, well beyond the period examined in this contribution