Riviste Online SApienza - R.O.SA - 2 (Sapienza University of Rome)
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Il rincontro: Altiero Spinelli ed il PCI fra gli anni Settanta ed Ottanta
Get PDFThis paper analyses the last years of Altiero Spinelli’s political trajectory, focusingon the European federalist leader’s rapprochement with the PCI in the late 1970sand early 1980s. Starting positions were far apart: the Italian Communists hadarrived at Europeanism after a long reflection influenced by the coordinates of theCold War; Spinelli, persuaded in the past that the PCI would never fully embracethat view, accepted to confront a world, that of Berlinguer’s PCI, which, at leastfrom the inside, was unknown to him. The research, in addition to bibliographicsources, is largely based on the personal archival papers of the federalist leader,some of his publications and the archive and press of the PCI
Con l’America ma più europei. Il contributo del PSDI alla vigilia dell’onore delle armi (1979-91)
Get PDFThe article examines the debate of the Italian Social Democratic Party (PSDI) onEuropean integration in the years 1979-1991. At the time, the party experienceda deep crisis, mainly in the field of legitimization and dialogue with the electorate.The reviving of a pro-European tradition, the strengthening of its Europeanprofile, the emancipation from an overly emphasized pro-Americanism, as wellas the strengthening of the dialogue with its continental counterparts, especiallywithin the Socialist International, became therefore assets to proceed with botha “deprovincialization” of the party and a restoring of credibility. An attempt atprofound renewal that, however, was overwhelmed, together with the PSDI as awhole, by the collapse of the “first Republic”. In this context, however, both theindividual experiences of Mauro Ferri and Antonio Cariglia within the Europeaninstitutions and the quality of the pro-European debate within the party between1985 and the early 1990s remain certainly relevant
Landslide monitoring at both large and detailed scales using satellite A-DInSAR in Southern Lazio (italy)
No full textThe specific aim of this work has been exploiting satellite Advanced Differential SAR Interferometry (A-DInSAR) big data through the implementation of methodologies that can provide new insights into the identification of unknown landslides and the update of the inventoried landslides, at two different levels of detail: regional and slope scales. In particular, the slopescale studies are aimed at investigating the landslide processes that pose the greater risk of interfering with roads and inhabited zones, using both multisource A-DInSAR velocity measurements, geomorphological evidence, and surveys of damage to buildings or infrastructure. This multiparametric evaluation allows the update of the state and styles of activity and the landslide perimeters. In this paper, we provide a general overview of the method that works for regional scale analysis, with a focus on 3 case studies located in the Frosinone province (Central Italy), that have been investigated at a slope scale. Such cases concern slow-moving landslides such as complex, slow flow, or roto-translation mechanisms, featured by shallow or moderate depth and extension. The presented results pointed out that A-DInSAR big data can provide an update of the state of knowledge of active slope movements at a regional scale and can drive detailed studies with high-resolution data and onsite surveys to assess the hazard scenarios
Groundwater heat pumps diffusion in the Turin City urban area: modelling for the thermally affected zone analysis of an open-loop geothermal system
No full textIn urban areas with favourable geological and hydrogeological conditions, Groundwater Heat Pumps (GWHPs) offer an efficient solution for reducing emissions in heating and cooling systems. Turin City’s alluvial shallow aquifer serves as a valuable resource for harnessing low-enthalpy geothermal energy. However, a site assessment to evaluate the consequences of the technical solutions when promoting GWHPs is essential. Despite their proven potential in terms of energy efficiency, the environmental impact is a factor that can limit their development. This study reconstructs the impact of 44 open-loop geothermal systems in Turin’s area: an urbanscale numerical model was set up, and two simulation scenarios have been performed. The impacts simulated around the university buildings of the Politecnico di Torino are described. Findings from the average flow rate scenario demonstrated the absence of relevant hydraulic and thermal disturbances. The aquifer shows a positive response over three years, even in the maximum flow rate (Qmax) scenario with cooling/heating operating seasons for six months/year. However, due to changes in natural groundwater temperature connected to the Qmax scenario, downstream systems could experience adverse effects due to thermal interference. Precision in designing the construction of a new geothermal structure is crucial,particularly in areas with complex extraction systems
Initial-level reports of landslides involving bridges and viaducts: the case study of Villa Ilii (Central Italy)
No full textIn the last decades, the concern for infrastructure damage and collapse due to natural hazards has globally increased. Highways, railways, bridges, and tunnels, worldwide, have faced consistent damage or destruction from landslides and floods, exacerbated by the ongoing climate change and population growth. In Italy, significant examples of these events are the recent failures of the Polcevera and Magra bridges, impacting people and the local economy. Especially, after the Polcevera bridge collapse, the Italian government has considered the need for specific practices of bridge/viaduct risk assessment. In response to this requirement, governmental agencies have developed specific projects oriented to the development of specific guidelines. This work is part of one of these projects, entrusted specifically to the ReLuis consortium, aimed at contributing to the application and optimization of an experimental protocol for bridge/viaduct classification in natural-hazard related risk assessment perspective. In this context, this work describes the results of an initial-level analysis of the interaction condition of a slowmoving landslide with the “Villa Ilii” Viaduct located along the A24 highway at Colledara, in the Teramo Province. The analysis aims to evaluate landslide characteristics, including landslide anatomy and kinematics, and their potential impact, contributing to define and identify viaduct classification in landslide risk perspective. The study area is characterized by the presence of the Laga Formation, mainly represented by sandstones and marls, overlaid by sandy Quaternary deposits. In fact the formation of the Laga (Ricci Lucchi, 1975) represents the filling of one of the many foreland basins currently exposed in a wide area between southern Marche and northern Abruzzo, developed at the forefront of the Apennines during its migration eastward and northeastward, as a result of the collision between the European lithospheric plate and the Adriatic plate, a likely protrusion of the African continent.), Methods including existing data collection, field surveys, numerical chartography analysis, geophysical surveys and PS InSAR technique were used to reconstruct the geological setting of the slope affected by the landslide, its anatomy and kinematics. Especially, multiple field surveys and numerical cartography analysis revealed landslide extent over a surface of 78,000 m2, geophysical survey indicated a landslide thickness of around 15 m, comparable with the thickness of Quaternary deposits, and SAR-interferometric data, processed by SUBSIDENCE software, indicated persistent slow movement typically accelerating in spring. These data are crucial for understanding the landslide’s potential impact on the “Villa Ilii” viaduct’s structural conditions, already exhibiting local deformation and cracking, similar to surrounding settlements
Seawater intrusion modeling under climate and anthropogenic changes in the Metaponto coastal aquifer (Basilicata, Southern Italy)
No full textThe Metaponto coastal plain, located in the Basilicata region (southern Italy), is a relevant area for economic development due to the touristic and intensive agricultural sectors. In the 20th century, the land reclamation works, irrigation systems, and wells exploitation to support agriculture and industry strongly impacted the hydrogeological system, intensifying the potential seawater intrusion (SWI) that must be considered relevant in this coastal aquifer. The effective infiltration rate of the area is moderate due to the Mediterranean climate conditions, characterized by high temperatures and scarce precipitation concentrated mainly in winter. The present study aims to evaluate and model the SWI process in the most prone area of the Metaponto coastal plain. Groundwater flow and variabledensity transport, under steady-state and transient conditions, were simulated with MODFLOW and SEAWAT codes integrated into Visual MODFLOW Flex 7.0 software. The pumping rate effects and the impact of climate change on the aquifer recharge were considered in different scenario simulations. The results highlighted that the SWI is potentially not negligible in the future under exploitation and may impact the groundwater SWI level risk. The numerical modeling outcomes presented in this work can be used for the effective management of the Metaponto coastal plain groundwater resources
A new perspective for regional landslide susceptibility assessment
No full textLandslides pose a severe geohazard in many countries. The availability of inventories depicting the spatial and temporal distribution of landslides is crucial for assessing landslide susceptibility and risk in territorial planning or investigating landscape evolution. In the case of the Italian territory, several landslide hazard and risk maps were produced ranging from regional to national scale. This was made possible leveraging public domain data of the Italian Landslide Inventory (IFFI project; Trigila et alii, 2010), or other geodatabases spanning from local to regional scale. However, the practical utility of this inventory is often limited in many applications due to its spatial inhomogeneity or the use of different mapping methods and classification criteria. Despite the impressive advancements in techniques for assessing natural hazard susceptibility at a national scale over the past years, including statistical models, AI based models (i.e. Neural Networks) and others, the results are still limited by the quality of the data used. Specifically, the effectiveness of these models is closely tied to the quality of the landslide inventory utilized. Currently, recent regional landslide inventories could potentially enhance precision and accuracy compared to the national dataset, primarily owing to their finer resolution compared to the IFFI dataset. In this work, we present a new approach to assess landslide susceptibility at local scale, relying on regional landslide inventories. Using a data-driven technique, we propose to train a single model on a landslide inventory consisting of a composition of regional inventories selected to be representative of the national scenario. The weighted model is now capable of predicting landslide susceptibility in any study area across Italy. The entire analysis has been done using the SRT tool for Google Earth Engine and the SZ-plugin for QGIS. All the data used and processed are freely available and downloadable. The proposed approach has been tested in the framework of the PNRR RETURN project. The evaluation was conducted in two specific areas: the first one encompasses a section of the railway connecting Napoli to Bari (southern Italy), while the second focuses on areas impacted by the Marche region 2022 landslide event (central Italy)
Cascading landslides at Morino-Rendinara, L’Aquila, Central Italy: numerical modelling of slope-scale prospective debris flow propagation
No full textCascading landslides are sequences of multiple landslides that commonly involves significant volumes of material and exhibit variable velocity up to several m/s. The impact of these processes is generally significant so that they can claim victims and be responsible of significant losses. Considering the complexity of the process, their mitigation involves the understanding of causeeffect relations between the initial triggering event and subsequent cascading processes as well as the development of methodological framework for their analysis. On this basis, this work aims to analyse the characteristics of the cascading landslide event of Morino-Rendinara, in the L’Aquila province, applying a procedure that, comprising multiple methods, is capable of providing data depicting mechanism and kinematics of the system, anatomy of landslides and prospective susceptibility scenario
Multivariate regression model for indirect estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of limestone
No full textThe strength of rock under uniaxial compression, commonly known as Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), plays a crucial role in various Geomechanical applications such as designing foundations, mining projects, slopes in rocks, tunnel construction, and rock characterization. However, sampling and preparation can become challenging in some rocks, making it difficult to determine the UCS of the rocks directly. Therefore, indirect approaches are widely used for estimating UCS. This study presents a multivariate Regression Model implemented in Matlab to calculate the UCS of Limestone rocks. To validate the proposed model’s effectiveness, a comprehensive dataset of 22 limestone rock samples is collected from the old city center of Annaba, Algeria. The dataset included measurements of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), Schmidt rebound number (SRN), and actual UCS values from laboratory tests. Three regression metrics, including Coefficient of Regression (R²), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), were used to evaluate and compare the performance of the models. The results indicate a high predictive capability of the developed model, with an R² value of 0.848, an RMSE of 3.562 MPa, and an MAE of 2.962 MPa. To place these findings in the frame of the international state of the art, our model was compared with other established models from previous studies. Our model demonstrates significant practical applicability by effectively predicting UCS with a minimal number of parameters, showcasing a lower RMSE compared to many existing models
Application of numerical methods for the study of the 2014 San Leo landslide (Northern Italy): challenges and lessons learned
No full textThe 2014 San Leo landslide is a very peculiar landslide, being controlled by a large number of factors that interacted with each other; each one was in turn critical in driving, promoting, or allowing the slope failure. In the ten years after the landslide event, numerous studies were presented in the form of national and international journal articles, conference proceedings, as well as unpublished technical reports. These projects allowed different aspects and mechanisms to be investigated, progressively enhancing our understanding of the landslide. In this paper, we summarize, review, and discuss the various numerical modelling analyses that have been conducted, in order to outline the foundations on which future investigations may be designed. Considering the in depth understanding that has been gained on the geological, lithological, environmental, and engineering aspects of this site, we suggest that the San Leo plateau may be an ideal engineering geological field laboratory useful in investigating the evolution and instability phenomena that affect sites with similar characteristics within the Marecchia Valley region and beyond