Riviste Online SApienza - R.O.SA - 2 (Sapienza University of Rome)
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Contribution to the knowledge of genus Clanoptilus Motschulsky, 1854 in the Eastern Mediterranean region (Coleoptera: Melyridae, Malachiinae)
Full text linkThis paper deals with two species of the genus Clanoptilus Motschulsky, 1854. A new one is described from Aegean region of Turkey; one from Azerbaijan is resurrected from synonymy and redescribed, and a neotype is proposed
When life gives you carcasses: first record of necrophagy by Coriomeris hirticornis on European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (Hemiptera: Coreidae)
Full text linkThis study reports the first observation of necrophagy in the phytophagous leaf-footed bug Coriomeris hirticornis (Fabricius, 1794). Two individuals were observed feeding on the carcass of a European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L., 1758) in a peri-urban meadow near Madrid, Spain. This finding underscores the adaptive dietary flexibility of Coriomeris hirticornis under extreme environmental conditions, providing new insights into its ecological role and trophic interactions within Mediterranean ecosystems
«Una guerra di parole non meno travagliosa che una guerra d’acciaio». Paolo Sarpi, Della potestà de’ prencipi e la Disputa anglicana
Full text linkThis contribution explores the affinity, recognized by their contemporaries, between Paolo Sarpi and James I, delving into Sarpi’s profound interest in the Oath of Allegiance enacted in England and the sovereignty model it embodied. Through the examination of polemical texts, legal consultations for the Senate, private letters, and diplomatic dispatches, this article reaffirms the genesis of Sarpi’s treatise Della potestà de’ prencipi within the James I-Paul V Controversy. However, it also reveals how Sarpi’s engagement with the issue of the oath extended beyond the failure of the treatise Della potestà de’ prencipi and its related project. On one hand, he sought to utilize or resist loyalty oaths in the Venetian domain as tools for defense or attack against the Pope and the Inquisition. On the other hand, the British Oath of Allegiance persisted in being recalled by Sarpi as a cautionary tale to the Senate of the Republic. Despite his harsh criticisms of the English sovereign, Sarpi continued to view James I’s conduct during the crisis with Pope Paul V as an exemplary demonstration of sovereignty, a model he aspired to introduce within the Republic of Venice
Ombre sarpiane. Il “Principe repubblicano” di Paolo Sarpi e il pensiero politico genovese (1602-54)
Full text linkThis essay is largely based on primary sources and contains a review of the ideas of sovereignty elaborated by Giulio Pallavicino (1558-1635), Andrea Spinola (1562-1631) and Raffaele Della Torre (1579-1666), eminent Genoese thinkers. Is it possible to hypothesise some convergences between Genoese republicanism and the idea of sovereignty elaborated by Paolo Sarpi? Is it possible to hypothesise that the political and literary issue revolving around Sarpi’s unfinished treatise Della potestà de’ prencipi (Potestà) intercepted some of these biographical and intellectual trajectories? The most interesting case is that of Della Torre and his Astrolabio di Stato, published in Genoa and Venice in 1647
Tra Grotius e Sarpi: l’assolutismo repubblicano di Theodorus “Dirck” Graswinckel (1600-66)
Full text linkThrough the investigation of the life and works of Dutch jurist and politician Dirck Graswinckel (1600-66), a friend of Grotius and reader of Sarpi, the essay aims to investigate the theoretical and political category of “republican absolutism”, that is, the use of the vocabulary and sources of the absolutist tradition by non-monarchical States, beginning with Venice and the United Provinces. The essay will focus on the environments and networks of relationships that link Graswinckel, Grotius and Sarpi, and on the former’s possible reading of Della potestà de’ prencipi (Sarpi’s unfinished treatise)
Direct and indirect prospecting to detect and characterise sinkhole features in urban evaporitic environments
No full textNatural subsidence sinkholes (according to Gutiérrez et alii, 2008, 2014; Parise 2019, 2022), both in carbonates and evaporites, represent a severe threat to man-made structures. Especially when bedrock is mantled and in urban areas, the identification and characterization of these phenomena is always challenging. For this reason, multidisciplinary and multi-technique approaches are recommended and in detail, the integrated use of geophysical techniques (Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Reflection and Refraction Seismic, Electromagnetometers and 2D Ground Penetrating Radar - GPR) and most recently developed 3D GPR is strongly suggested. Thanks to the Agreements signed between the University of Trieste and the Geological survey of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (NE Italy), since 2007 the researchers approached these issues in specific test site areas. From the studies in urban mantled evaporitic bedrock areas, emerged the supremacy of the 3D GPR jointly with reflection seismic, being the former able to identify with high accuracy and detail shallow deformations, and the latter the best approach to identify the thickness of cover materials, the morphology of the bedrock and the sinkhole location
Slope response to effective rainfall of a large, complex rock-slide in flysch material
No full textThe Camugnano landslide, located in the Province of Bologna, affects an area of 9.1×105 m2. It is considered a complex phenomenon involving both roto-translational kinematics within the Camugnano Formation’s arenaceous flysch and translational slides that affect the degraded products of the flysch and other clay materials in the lower sector of the unstable slope. The activity of the landslide is characterized by very slow displacement rates (4 cm/year), with occasional acceleration events in the past. The most recent significant event occurred in 2014. In response, various surveys and monitoring activities were conducted, including the use of boreholes, geophysical surveys, displacement measurements through inclinometers, Ground Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and Robotic Total Station (RTS), and groundwater monitoring through pressure transducers installed in piezometers. The aim of this note is to summarize the monitoring results and compare them with the trend of effective rainfall over multiple years. To determine effective precipitation, the Thornthwaite formulation was used, based on mean daily temperature and daily cumulative rainfall data from the Diga del Brasimone gauge station, located approximately 5 km from the landslide site. The inclinometer monitoring helped identify the sliding surfaces and obtain time series data by integrating displacements on these surfaces. GNSS campaigns conducted periodically revealed displacement rates ranging from 30 to 70 mm/year, generally decreasing progressively from 2014 to 2022. RTS monitoring indicated slow but detectable movements within the landslide. Then comparing GNSS displacements with precipitation data, it was found that displacement rates remained relatively constant regardless of variations in effective precipitation. This trend was also observed when analysing inclinometer data. The groundwater monitoring showed seasonal fluctuations, with peak levels occurring during the winter period in most piezometers. However, no long-term groundwater trend was observed. The displacement record highlights a variable sensitivity of the slope to effective rainfall with respect to the last major reactivation event. Temporary, localized accelerations are in fact recorded after 2014, gradually decreasing in magnitude in the next years. These findings suggest that mitigation strategies could by modified according to this style of activity and indicate that assumptions linking rainy or dry periods to variations in movement acceleration or deceleration may be overly simplistic
Multi-temporal analysis of the geomorphic evolution of the failure surface of the Vajont Landslide
No full textLandslides are among the most common type of hazard that affect mountainous regions. While the impact of the single landslide is often localized and limited to the influence area, in some cases, the occurrence of major events can result in significant and long-lasting social, economic, and environmental impacts that extend beyond the area directly affected by the event. These major landslides involve the sudden detachment of large volumes of rock mass and cause significant disturbance of in-situ stress field due to slope debuttressing and reduction in lateral support, which often result in conditions of limit equilibrium affecting the remaining part of the slope. Effects of such limit equilibrium conditions can range from a long term, gradual morphological evolution of the slope due to progressive detachment of material, to the development of multistage landslides, involving the failure of volumes of rock masssimilar in magnitude and impacts to the original event. In this work, we investigate the post-failure morphological evolution of the daylighting rupture surface and deposit of one of the most important historical landslides, the 1963 Vajont Slide. A preliminary investigation of a pair of airborne laser scanner (ALS) datasets, collected in 2017 and 2023, is undertaken to assess and compute the change in elevation across selected areas within the rupture surface. Based on a three-dimensional change detection analysis, the observed volumetric changes of selected, inferred rockfall events are estimated. Terrestrial and airborne photographs are also used to identify the unstable volumes that have progressively detached, as well as the damage features that outlined these unstable blocks. Finally, we discuss the long-term evolution of the slope with focus on progressive damage accumulation and its spatial relationship with inherited, tectonic structures. Ultimately, this contribution is intended to highlight the important role of post-slope failure damage accumulation on the long-term stability of rock slopes, emphasizing the critical role that post-failure monitoring and analysis can play in outlining the residual landslide hazard and, in some instances, the potential development of multi-stage landslides
Iran’s seismic puzzle: bridging gaps in earthquake emergency planning and public awareness for risk reduction
No full textIran, one of the most seismically active countries globally, faces recurrent and devastating earthquakes, resulting in significant loss of life, and necessitating improved disaster management. This study adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining seismic data analysis and a nationwide survey, with the aim to assess Iran’s emergency planning and management in seismically active regions. Seismic data, sourced from various studies, was analysed using a geographic information system (GIS) to identify trends and patterns since 1903, focusing on events with magnitudes larger than 5.7 Mw from 2010 to 2023. Concurrently, an online questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 500 Iranians, in order to explore public awareness, preparedness, and perceptions of the country’s emergency readiness. Seismic analysis revealed disparities in the number of earthquake-related fatalities, depending on population density, infrastructure quality, and emergency response capabilities. The survey indicated a perceived lack of public awareness and preparedness, with only 11.5% of the respondents feeling adequately prepared for earthquakes. Findings indicated poor knowledge of active faults and mistrust in government initiatives related to seismic events. Despite recent advances, Iran’s disaster management system faces challenges that are rooted in financial constraints, technological barriers, and public mistrust. Analyses converge on enhancing stakeholder cooperation, investments in early warning systems, and enforcement of stricter urban planning and construction standards. Bridging gaps in public awareness and trust-building measures is crucial to fostering a bottom-up “earthquake preparedness culture.” The findings from this study can provide insights for policymakers, emergency managers, and stakeholders to strengthen Iran’s resilience to earthquakes
