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A MULTI-LEVEL ANALYSIS OF SYRIA'S REGIME SECURITY STRATEGY IN RELATIONS WITH TURKEY (1990–1998)
No full textA pyrene-modified carbon nanodot as a fluorescence nanosensor for nitroaniline herbicide detection and smartphone-assisted RGB analysis using hydrogel detection kits
No full textNitroaniline herbicides are widely used to combat broadleaf weeds, yet their high toxicity and persistence raise serious environmental and health concerns. Effective and sensitive detection of these herbicides in complex matrices such as soil is therefore crucial. In this study, a novel pyrene-modified carbon nanodot (4) was developed and used as a fluorescence nanosensor for the sensitive detection of nitroaniline herbicides in soil samples. The chemical, thermal, and morphological characterization of 4 was conducted using FT-IR, UV-Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, TEM, and particle size analysis. Detection conditions were optimized by evaluating parameters such as selectivity, photostability, sensor concentration, interaction time, and interference from competitive species. The detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ) were found to be as low as 1.50 nmol L−1 and 4.97 nmol L−1, respectively, with linear responses observed at nanomolar levels and high correlation coefficients. The proposed fluorometric method was validated through spike tests and GC-MS analyses, and successfully applied to detect nitroaniline herbicides via a fluorescence “turn-off” response in soil samples. The sensing mechanism was attributed to a photoinduced electron transfer process between the herbicides and 4. The sensor demonstrated high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid detection capability. Additionally, hydrogel detection kits were fabricated by immobilizing 4 in a gelatin matrix, with Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color changes monitored through a smartphone application
Stress Levels of the Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Self-Efficacy and Spiritual Exercises
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Shaping Resilient Futures: Open Science andData Policies for Crisis Preparedness, Response,and Recovery
No full textCharging Scheduling for Electric Bus Fleets Considering Service Continuity
No full textWith the emerging climate crisis, and electric vehicles becoming more accessible, the transition of transportation from internal combustion to electric is becoming more and more prominent. While the transition of personal vehicles and most public transportation methods is rapid, the transformation of buses reveals different challenges. One of the leading challenges is continuous operation, considering the capacity of charging facilities and its strain on the distribution grid. Due to the greater size of electric bus batteries and the higher power consumption of these electric buses, charging coordination that ensures continuous service can be a struggle. To achieve continuous service while considering the limits of grid connection, a charging scheduling method with additional decision support capabilities in the sense of bus-route switching is proposed. The proposed method is approached as a mixed-integer linear programming implementation for charging scheduling, while bus-route switching consists of infeasibility detection and rule-based decisions
