ADBU Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (AJEEE)
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Evaluation and Improvement of Distribution System Reliability Indices using ETAP Software
Get PDFReliability assessment is the most important factor in designing and planning of distribution system that should operate in an economical manner with minimal interruption of customer loads. This is due to the fact that the distribution system provides the final link between a utility transmission system and its customers. It is observed that more than 80% of all customer interruptions occur (i.e., power quality issues) due to component failures in the distribution system. That report quantifies the expected reliability indices such as interruption frequency and interruption duration during the entire year. Many research findings are out there to assess the reliability of the power system. Further, due to the wide growth of distributed generation in electrical power, investigating their impact on system reliability, it becomes an attractive area of research. In this paper, the reliability evaluation of distribution system using a minimal cut set method based on the FMEA technique is described and applied to the IEEE RBTS Bus-2 and Indian practical distribution system (33/11 kV). Development of ETAP software is presented for calculating reliability indices. Further, improvement of reliability with introducing of Distributed Generation is presented. Reliability indices are load point indices and system indices which includes, System Average Interruption Frequency Indices (SAIFI), System Average Interruption Duration Indices (SAIDI), Customer Average Interruption Frequency Indices (CAIFI), Customer Average Interruption Duration Indices (CAIDI), Energy Not Supplied (ENS), Average Energy Not Supplied (AENS), etc. These indices are shows the reliability performance of the system
Analysis of Self Excited Induction Generator for Standalone Micro-Hydro Scheme
Get PDFMost of population which they do not have electricity are living in remote rural areas or off grid, to provide electricity for remote areas is a challenging task which require a huge investment and infrastructure, it is therefore convenient to provide them with decentralized energy system like distributed generation or hybrid system etc. utilizing the available renewable energy. This paper presents study results about the dynamic analysis of self-excited induction generator for micro-hydro power plant in which generation is carried out by the use of self-excited induction generator (SEIG). It can be a very effective solution to the power shortage in the hilly regions of developing countries, like Nepal, Bhutan etc. It is more economical than other possible electric power sources, because it requires simple design and semi-skilled persons; local manufacturers can manufacture the components. SEIG is becoming more and more popular, mainly due to its low cost, simple construction, robustness of its rotor design and low maintenance requirements. When Induction motor is used as a generator, the major problem is its terminal voltage fluctuation at varying load and varying speeds. To predict the dynamic behavior of SEIG driven by a constant torque from micro-hydro turbine is carried out by using MATLAB/SIMULINK under different loading conditions. The model has been developed using “SimPowerSystem†library from MATLAB to perform the simulation
Potential Use of DC Microgrid for Solar and Wind Power Integration in Rural Areas in India: A Review
Get PDFThis paper describes the possibilities of the application of DC microgrids to solve the rural areas, energy problem in the country (India). DC Microgrids open a gateway for integration of solar and wind energies which together are an efficient and cleaner way of renewable energy generation, which can be integrated into the power distribution network. They have several other advantages, which include - reduction in transmission losses, improvement in power quality & reliability, reduction in emissions and even they are cost effective. The most important characteristic is that it provides a possibility for electrification of remote villages, which are far from the reach of the conventional grid. This paper presents a detailed discussion on the possibility of application of DC microgrids for rural areas in India
HVDC and Green Power Corridor: A Review
Get PDFHigh Voltage Direct Current transmission system can turn out to be the ideal power transmission system for bulk power and transferring clean power from remotely located hydroelectric dams to distant load centers. Therefore, the solution to the sudden increased demand for electricity can be found by evacuating remotely located bulk renewable energy and transmitting the clean power to load centers located at a significant distance away via HVDC link
FACTS controllers' impact on Power Quality: A comparative analysis
Get PDFFor last couple of decades, the demand for electrical power has increased manifold. As we have limited resources of power generation, it results into heavy loading of the transmission line, which leads to stability, voltage sag/swell and reactive power issues. Application of FACTS controllers in a power system is a promising and more efficient way for transfer and control of a bulk amount of power. This paper focuses on voltage dependency on reactive power and control of the same for improvement in the power quality. A comparative analysis of steady-state power flow control of a power system transmission network using FACTS controllers namely SVC, STATCOM and TCSC are performed. The performance of these FACTS controllers in the control of power flow on a given test bus system is analyzed. Voltage magnitude is compared for shunt-connected controllers to analyze the efficiency. Reactance modeling and power injection modeling techniques are used to incorporate the FACTS controllers into Newton-Raphson load flow algorithm. Numerical results on a benchmark 5 bus test system with incorporation of each of the FACTS controllers are presented
Automatic Climate Control of a Greenhouse: A Review
Get PDFGreenhouse crop production was a very significant event in the history of agriculture since it was realized that with the help of it many plants could be protected from different biotic and abiotic stress. It emerged as a system to protect crops from critical and adverse conditions affecting the growth of plants. The greenhouse is a non-linear system and controlling becomes a difficult task. The parameters affecting the plant growth are temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, nutrition, availability of water and the growing media. The quality and productivity of the crop plants is highly dependent on the management of these parameters. From all the parameters, temperature and humidity are of primary importance to most growers as it is responsible for determining the reaction rates of various metabolic processes involved in the plant growth. In addition, regulating temperature has a direct influence on the relative humidity and carbon dioxide levels of the greenhouse system
A Review on Application of Biosensors for Cancer Detection
Get PDFCancer is a deadly disease that has devastated many lives over the years. Cancer, when detected in the early stage, can be cured through proper treatment, increasing the life expectancy of the patient. Thus, it is very important to detect cancer at the early stage. The current method of cancer detection is biopsy which is a total invasive medical procedure. Owing to the several limitations of the time-consuming procedure of biopsy researchers and scientist all over the globe have turned their attention towards the development of instruments for rapid and non-invasive detection of cancer through detection of clinically recognized cancer biomarkers present in blood and other body fluid of cancer patients. This paper discusses some of the novel biomarkers used for cancer diagnosis along with the potential use of biosensors in early detection of cancer
Solar Charge Controllers using MPPT and PWM: A Review
Get PDFWith the increasing demand of power and energy, energy conservation and use of renewable resources have become a crucial necessity. Solar energy will become the ultimate and prime source of energy in near future. Therefore, highly efficient and low energy consuming solar-powered equipment and applications will soon be a major requirement. In this paper, solar charge controller using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) have been analyzed and compared, which is needed in all solar powered systems that utilize batteries. Its role is to regulate the power going from the solar panel to the batteries. Most of the modern charge controllers include PWM and MPPT. These charge controllers are designed such that the solar battery gets recharged quickly and does not get over discharged, thereby ensuring the prolonged lifespan of the battery
An approach to enhance the efficiency of the solar PV panel in partial shading condition: A Review
Get PDFHot spot heating causes permanent destruction of the solar cell structure. Areas with high impurity contaminants and high concentration of transition metals have the most number of hot spot heating. When the operating current of the overall series string approaches the short circuit current of a bad cell then the overall current becomes limited by the bad cell. The good cell becomes forward bias, which reverse biases the bad cell. This leads to large dissipation of power in the bad cell. Enormous power is dissipated in the bad cell or hot spot that results in destructive effects like glass cracking, melting of solder or degradation of a solar cell. The solar panel works best when there is no shade on them. If there is a partial shadow in any one of the arrays, the efficiency of the solar panel drops to a great extent. The shaded cell becomes reverse biased so maximum power will be dissipated on the shaded cell. The heat developed due to the reverse biased of the shaded region adds to the dissipated power
Comparative Analysis of Different Control Schemes for DC-DC Converter: A Review
Get PDFDC-DC converters are some power electronic circuits that convert the DC voltage from one level to another. They have a very large area of applications ranging from computing to communication. They are widely used in appliance control transportations and high-power transmission. Its increasing demand is based on its capability of electrical energy conversion. The basic topologies of DC-DC converter are Buck converter and Boost converter, other topologies are derived from these two basic topologies. Mathematical modelling of both Buck converters is done. Some of the control schemes are summarized in this paper. Current mode control (CMC), PID, Sliding Mode (SM) control including their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted in this paper