Erasmus University Thesis Repository
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Uiterst rechts in de schijnwerpers: hoe media deze partijen normaliseren of tegenwerken
No full textUiterst rechtse partijen krijgen steeds meer aandacht in de media, en dit roept vragen op binnen de
communicatiewetenschap. Hoewel eerder onderzoek heeft aangetoond dat media kunnen bijdragen aan de
normalisering van uiterst rechts, is nog onvoldoende bekend hoe en waarom dit proces tussen landen
verschilt. Zonder dit inzicht blijven de mechanismen achter normalisering onduidelijk, terwijl die juist
cruciaal zijn om het veranderende politieke landschap beter te begrijpen. Deze scriptie onderzoekt hoe
nieuwsmedia in verschillende West-Europese landen bijdragen aan de normalisering van uiterst rechts, met
specifieke aandacht voor Nederland, Zweden, Frankrijk, Italië, het Verenigd Koninkrijk en Ierland. De
centrale onderzoeksvraag luidt: "Hoe verschilt de frequentie van de nieuwsberichtgeving over uiterst rechtse
partijen tussen zes Europese landen, en hoe verklaren journalisten deze verschillen?". Aan de hand van een
kwantitatieve inhoudsanalyse is de zichtbaarheid van de uiterst rechtse partij per land in kaart gebracht.
Daarnaast is met diepte-interviews achterhaald waarom de uitkomsten tussen landen verschillen. De
resultaten tonen aan dat nieuwsmedia op verschillende manieren bijdragen aan de normalisering van uiterst
rechts, onder meer via factoren waarin een hoge zichtbaarheid plaatsvindt met een stabielere dagelijks
patroon in de zichtbaarheid. Ook ligt er nadruk op persoonsgerichte in plaats van partijgerichte
zichtbaarheid. Het Verenigd Koninkrijk en Italië scoren het hoogste in de normalisering van hun uiterst
rechtse partij. In Frankrijk en Zweden is deze bijdrage sterker zichtbaar dan in Nederland, waar het
pluralistische medialandschap mogelijk een remmende werking heeft. Opvallend is dat politieke macht, zoals
het aantal zetels van een partij, geen doorslaggevende factor blijkt te zijn voor media-aandacht. Net zoals de
media modellen van Hallin en Mancini (2004), die zouden moeten dienen als referentiepunt om verschillen
tussen landen te duiden. Wat echter wel blijkt, is dat media en politiek die onderling sterk met elkaar
verweven zijn, kunnen zorgen voor een hogere normalisering. Dit is zowel bij het Verenigd Koninkrijk als in
Italië gevonden. De studie draagt bij aan het begrip van hoe mediacontext en politieke verhoudingen samen
invloed hebben op de normalisering. Vervolgonderzoek zou kunnen toetsen of een hogere zichtbaarheid van
uiterst rechtse partijen samenhangt met een stabieler dagelijks patroon, maar dan in een grotere groep
landen. Ook is het aan te raden om te onderzoeken hoe de normalisering zich ontwikkelt over een langere
periode dan in deze studie is gedaan
The Impact of Influencer-Brand Congruence on Consumer Trust and Purchase Intention in Health Product Endorsements
No full textThe rise of social media has transformed how consumers engage with brands, particularly through the growing influence of social media personalities. In health and wellness marketing, influencers are often selected based on their appearance, lifestyle, and perceived alignment with brand values. However, little empirical research has examined the specific role of visual-based congruence between influencers and health-related brands in shaping consumer trust and purchase intention. While prior studies highlight the importance of influencer credibility, the mechanisms by which visual congruence and parasocial identification affect consumer behavior remain underexplored.
This thesis explores: To what extent does influencer-brand congruence impact consumer trust in health products and their purchase intention? Drawing on social identification theory and parasocial interaction, the study hypothesizes that higher influencer-brand congruence will lead to greater trust and intention to purchase, and that this relationship is mediated by the consumer's emotional connection and how they identify with the influencer.
To test this, a between-subjects experimental design was conducted with 165 participants who were randomly assigned to view either a high-congruence, low-congruence or neutral influencer-brand pairing. Participants completed a structured online survey measuring influencer credibility, trust, parasocial relationship, aspirational identification, and purchase intention. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and mediation analysis with PROCESS macro.
The results of the study revealed no statistically significant direct effects of influencer-brand congruence on consumer trust or purchase intention, as indicated by ANOVA and regression analyses. Similarly, parasocial relationship did not significantly mediate the relationship between congruence and either trust or purchase intention, suggesting that emotional familiarity alone was insufficient to drive these outcomes in the tested context.However, the analysis revealed that aspirational identification significantly mediated the relationship between influencer-brand congruence and both consumer trust and purchase intention
These findings suggest that aspirational identification, rather than congruence or parasocial ties alone, plays a crucial role in building trust and purchase intention. Marketers should prioritize influencers who evoke aspirational appeal to enhance campaign effectiveness in the health sector
The Price of Experience: Understanding Young Musicians' Motivations for Youth Orchestra Participation
No full textCreative labour has been long catching the attention of sociological discussions on labour, due to its distinctive accounts of passion-driven persistence, regardless of its precarious conditions and embedded inequalities. Deeply institutionalised, with a history of elitism and exclusion, the classical music field exemplifies this paradox. Aligning with broader contemporary neoliberal shifts in the organisation of labour, it is becoming increasingly precarious, adopting production-based, temporal employment. Yet, it continues to mask precariousness and forms of inequality under notions of meritocracy and passion-driven work, ultimately devoted to a cultural hegemony and closely related to middle-class and imperialistic hierarchies.
By bringing the underresearched youth orchestras to the fore, this thesis situates them within broader debates on creative labour, structural inequality and precariousness and the classical music ecosystem. Although powerful gatekeeping institutions within this ecosystem, serving as key educational spaces and offering symbolic capital to their members, youth orchestra participation lacks monetary compensation. Nonetheless, youth orchestras remain highly popular amongst young and aspiring classical musicians. Reflecting on the intricate structural dynamics of the field, this phenomenon raises questions about how young musicians internalise, rationalise, and navigate these dynamics early in their careers. To address this gap, this thesis asks what are the motivations behind young and aspiring musicians' unpaid participation in youth orchestras? It investigates young and aspiring classical musicians' complex motivations behind unpaid participation in youth orchestras, in an attempt to shed light on how broader structures of creative labour intersect with musicians' subjectivities and career trajectories.
Focusing on the Dutch Nationaal Jeugdorkest (NJO), as a case study in a qualitative research approach, it draws on twelve semi-structured interviews with young classical musicians aged twenty to twenty-eight, educated in Dutch conservatories and originating from varied contexts. Their accounts were thematically analysed, reporting valuable and nuanced insights on creative labour, inequality and precariousness. The findings demonstrate a dynamic interplay of extrinsic, career-oriented goals, and intrinsic motivations, including emotional, social and passion-driven rewards, informing young musicians' motivations. These motivations reflect broader dynamics. Youth orchestras are ambivalently situated within the ecosystem, as powerful gatekeeper reproducing existing values and exclusions, yet they simultaneously operate against them, by fostering emotional support and a personal relationship to music as forms of resilience. This duality points to broader neoliberal dynamics, where passion and purpose are used to legitimise precariousness, and rationalise (self-)exploitation.
This research deepens our understanding of how young cultural workers navigate and make sense of exploitative structures in the creative industries. By foregrounding youth orchestras within debates on cultural labour, this research contributes to critical understandings of inequality, professional socialisation, and the affective economies of creative work. Last, it calls for institutional reflection and structural change to ensure fairer and more inclusive access to professional pathways in classical music
Innovation Irregardless
No full textThis thesis reconsiders the role of women-artists in the historical avant-garde of early 20th-century Paris through the lens of entrepreneurship, focusing on the case studies of Marie Laurencin (1883-1956) and Marie Vassilieff (1884-1957). The discipline of art history has continuously undervalued the legacies and contributions of women artists. This thesis argues that this is caused by the failure of traditional art historical frameworks to recognise their diverse and innovative practices. Through integrating an entrepreneurship perspective into the study of art history, it aims to undo some of these biases. The research question studied is: to what extent can the strategies of avant-garde women artists between 1920 and 1925 in Paris be understood through the lens of entrepreneurship research, considering in particular the way an entrepreneur engages with the entrepreneurial ecosystem and strategies for innovation and risk?
Consequently, the methodology is applying entrepreneurial theory to primary historical documents and secondary survey works. First, this thesis analyses the historical context from the consideration of the concept of the 'entrepreneurial ecosystem'. Then, a database is constructed with 529 entries of modern women-artists living and working in Paris from 1920 to 1925. The purpose of this database is to consider women-artists anew, free from canonical art historical bias. From this, it is possible to examine their stylistic choices, diversity of artistic practices and their entrepreneurial strategies more objectively. However, this database can only offer an approximation, due to the incompleteness of historical data. Finally, this study explores in detail how Vassilieff and Laurencin navigated the art world as entrepreneurs. Their practices reveal distinct strategies of innovation and risk-taking that show how the individual agency of the entrepreneur intersects with the entrepreneurial ecosystem at large.
Ultimately, this research contributes to four academic domains: women's art historiography, art market history, the study of the artist-entrepreneur, and female entrepreneurship. It concludes that the context disadvantaged women-artists, but that it compelled them to seek innovative entrepreneurial strategies for success, all the while having to manage the risks and uncertainties caused by their environment in often complex ways
From Crisis to Opportunity: Private Sector Engagement and Financial Sustainability in the Restoration of Notre-Dame de Paris
No full textThis study examines the financial sustainability of cultural heritage projects through the case of
Notre-Dame de Paris restoration following the 2019 fire. Unlike France's traditional model of
direct state intervention in cultural funding, the restoration project was primarily financed
through private donations. This shift in funding structure raises questions about the long-term
viability of introduce, or even rely on private support in heritage fundraising. Through
documentary analysis on secondary data and semi-structured interviews, this research explores
both the short-term benefits and the long-term challenges of this approach.
The findings highlight that while private donations provided immediate financial relief,
they also require transparent governance, effective communication with the public, and
thoughtful donor engagement. The Notre-Dame case demonstrates that financial sustainability in
heritage projects involves more than securing funds, it requires building trust, protecting
professional autonomy, and fostering inclusive, people-centered management practices. This
study contributes to broader discussions on how public and private sectors can collaborate to
support cultural heritage in contemporary social and financial context
Navigating Creative City: Art students' perception and professional integration in Paris
No full textThis paper examines the concept of "creative city" through the experiences of art students in Paris, acting as both cultural consumers and active contributors to the urban creative ecosystem. It explores how urban environments foster creativity through cultural infrastructure, "creative buzz", utilitarian and symbolic values of place. The research investigates students' perceptions of creative locations in Paris, the specific attributes inspiring their creativity, and the challenges they face in professional development within the city's creative scenes. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys and semi-structured interviews with art students, to understand their interpretations and navigation of Paris's creative geographies
Nietzsche en Wagner: Van een hoopvolle vriendschap naar een verlossend vijandschap
Get PDFBinnen mijn scriptie beantwoord ik de hoofdvraag: Welke rol heeft Wagner voor Nietzsche
als het gaat om het terugbrengen van de tragische cultuur? Dit doe ik aan de hand van een
chronologische bespreking van werken geschreven door Friedrich Nietzsche. Allereerst
bespreek ik De geboorte van de tragedie, gevolgd door het essay Wagner in Bayreuth uit
Oneigentijdse beschouwingen en zal afsluiten met Het geval Wagner. Door middel van deze
drie geschriften van Nietzsche zal ik uitleg geven over de tragische cultuur, wat deze cultuur
betekent voor Nietzsche en hoe het Wagner al dan niet is gelukt om deze cultuur terug te
brengen. De vriendschap die Wagner en Nietzsche deelden is een rode draad in mijn scriptie
Crossing Boundaries: Exploring the Impact of Psychic Distance on Technological Innovation Performance Following Cross-border M&As
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