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Data associated with the publication: Waugh, D.W. and Haine, T.W.N. (2020). How rapidly do the southern subtropical oceans respond to wind stress changes? Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
No full textModel output from a Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) simulation, described in Waugh and Haine 2020
Data associated with the publication: Success for All: A Quantitative Synthesis of U. S. Evaluations
No full textSuccess for All (SFA) is a comprehensive whole-school approach designed to help high-poverty elementary schools increase the reading success of their students. It is designed to ensure success in grades K-2 and then build on this success in later grades. SFA combines instruction emphasizing phonics and cooperative learning, one-to-small group tutoring for students who need it in the primary grades, frequent assessment and regrouping, parent involvement, distributed leadership, and extensive training and coaching. Over a 33-year period, SFA has been extensively evaluated, mostly by researchers unconnected to the program. This quantitative synthesis reviews the findings of these evaluations. Seventeen U.S. studies meeting rigorous inclusion standards had a mean effect size of +0.24 (p < .05) on independent measures. Effects were largest for low achievers (ES = +0.54, p < .01). Although outcomes vary across studies, mean impacts support the effectiveness of Success for All for the reading success of disadvantaged students
Data associated with NNIPS-Nepal Quality of Maternal and Newborn Care Study
No full textThis collection contains datasets and relevant data collection instruments associated with peer-reviewed publications generated from the NNIPS-Nepal Quality of Maternal and Newborn Care Study
Data associated with the 2020 PLoS One publication entitled "Actor feedback and rigorous monitoring: Essential quality assurance tools for testing behavioral interventions with simulation"
No full textEvaluation of a quality assurance program designed to ensure that 3 actors performing in simulated medical encounters, provided standardized performances
Data associated with the 2020 JAMA Network Open publication entitled: ‘Effect of intensivist communication in a simulated setting on interpretation of prognosis among family members of patients at high risk of intensive care unit admission: A randomized trial'
No full textImportance: Intensivist-surrogate discordance about prognosis is common in the intensive care unit (ICU). Empowering families to make informed decisions about their loved one’s care is important, but it is unclear how best to communicate prognostic information to vulnerable surrogates when a patient is expected to die.
Objective: To test the hypothesis that family members interpret intensivists as being more optimistic when their questions about prognosis are answered indirectly.
Design: Between September 27 and October 17, 2019 we conducted a web-based randomized trial of video vignettes depicting an intensivist answering a standardized question about the prognosis of a patient at high risk for death on ICU day 3.
Setting: Web-based simulation
Participants: National sample of adult children, spouses/partners, or siblings of patients with COPD on long term oxygen therapy. Participants were excluded if they had worked as a doctor, nurse, or advanced practice provider.
Intervention: Participants were randomized to view one of 4 intensivist communication styles in response to the question “What do you think is most likely to happen?”: 1) a direct response (control), 2) an indirect response comparing the patient’s condition to other patients, 3) an indirect response describing physiology, or 4) redirection to a discussion of patient values and goals.
Main Outcomes and Measures: Participant responses to two questions: 1) “If you had to guess, what do you think the doctor thinks is the chance that your loved one will survive this hospitalization?” and 2) “What do you think are the chances that your loved one will survive this hospitalization?” answered using a 0%-100% probability scale.
Results: 302 participants completed the trial, of whom 204 (68%) were female and 165 (55%) were adult children of the patient. Compared to a direct response, participants perceived the intensivist to have a significantly more optimistic prognostic estimate when viewing an indirect response referencing other patients (β=10 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1, 19]; p = 0.03), physiology (β=10 [95% CI 0, 19]; p = 0.04), or redirection to a discussion of patient values and goals (β=19 [95% CI 10, 28]; p
Conclusions and Relevance: Family members interpret indirect responses to questions about prognosis in the ICU setting as more optimistic than direct responses
Data and code associated with the publication: Automatic Annotation of Hip Anatomy in Fluoroscopy for Robust and Efficient 2D/3D Registration
No full textThis collection contains data and code associated with the IPCAI/IJCARS 2020 paper “Automatic Annotation of Hip Anatomy in Fluoroscopy for Robust and Efficient 2D/3D Registration.” The data hosted here consists of annotated datasets of actual hip fluoroscopy, CT and derived data from six lower torso cadaveric specimens. Documentation and examples for using the dataset and Python code for training and testing the proposed models are also included. Higher-level information, including clinical motivations, prior works, algorithmic details, applications to 2D/3D registration, and experimental details, may be found in the companion paper which is available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.07042 or https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-020-02162-7. We hope that this code and data will be useful in the development of new computer-assisted capabilities that leverage fluoroscopy
Datasets associated with “Validating a dimension of doubt in decision-making: a proposed endophenotype for obsessive-compulsive disorder”
No full textDoubt is subjective uncertainty about one’s perceptions and recall. It can impair decision-making and is a prominent feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We propose that evaluation of doubt during decision-making provides a useful endophenotype with which to study the underlying pathophysiology of OCD and potentially other psychopathologies. For the current study, we developed a new instrument, the Doubt Questionnaire, to clinically assess doubt, and evaluated its psychometric properties. The random dot motion task was used to measure reaction time and subjective certainty, at varying levels of perceptual difficulty, in individuals who scored high and low on doubt, and in individuals with and without OCD. We found that doubt scores were significantly higher in OCD cases than controls. Drift diffusion modeling revealed that high doubt scores predicted slower evidence accumulation than did low doubt scores; and OCD diagnosis lower than controls. At higher levels of dot coherence, OCD participants exhibited significantly slower drift rates than did controls. In addition, at higher levels of coherence, high doubt subjects exhibited even slower drift rates and reaction times than low doubt subjects. Moreover, under high coherence conditions, individuals with high doubt scores reported lower certainty in their decisions than did those with low doubt scores. We conclude that the Doubt Questionnaire is a useful instrument for measuring doubt. Compared to those with low doubt, those with high doubt accumulate evidence more slowly and report lower certainty when making decisions under conditions of low uncertainty. High doubt may affect the decision-making process in individuals with OCD. The dimensional doubt measure is a useful endophenotype for OCD research and could enable computationally rigorous and neurally valid understanding of decision-making and its pathological expression in OCD and other disorders
Data associated with the publication 'Older Adults' Perceptions of the Causes and Consequences of Healthcare Overuse: A Qualitative Study'
No full textData supporting the qualitative study aimed at learning how older adults perceive overuse of healthcare, if at all. We conducted five focus groups involving nearly forty participants at senior activity centers across Baltimore City. After each group session, the investigators reviewed the major themes emerging from the discussion and the questions were iteratively refined as needed. The audiotaped transcripts were professionally transcribed verbatim. We used a combination of conventional and directed approaches for qualitative content analysis. We found that nearly all expressed that they or an acquaintance had experienced some overtesting or overtreatment, expressing agreement that terms such as “unnecessary,” “wasteful” and “overdoing it” characterized these encounters. Major themes that were expressed as contributing to overuse were: (1) poor quality of communication between patients and doctors; (2) treating individual complaints instead of “the whole person”; (3) few efforts to engage patients in shared decision-making; (4) inadequate communication between different health care providers involved in a patient’s care; and (5) little trust in the clinician. Yet, many participants also expressed concern that they had received too little care. Although overuse of healthcare seemed not to be a primary concern of older people, we learned what they perceived to be drivers or determinants of overuse of healthcare. The transcripts have been altered to remove all identifying information
Data associated with Gnanadesikan, Kim, and Pradal, Impact of colored dissolved materials on the annual cycle of sea surface temperature: Potential implications for extreme ocean temperatures
No full textBecause colored dissolved materials (CDMs) trap incoming sunlight closer to the surface, they have the potential to affect sea surface temperatures. We compare two models, one with and one without CDMs, and show that their presence leads to an increase in the amplitude of the seasonal cycle over coastal and northern subpolar regions, which may exceed 2°C. The size and sign of the change are controlled by the interplay between enhanced shortwave heating of the surface, shading and cooling of the subsurface and the extent to which these are connected by vertical mixing. The changes in the seasonal cycle largely explain changes in the range of temperature extremes, an aspect of climate with important implications for ecosystem cycling. The modeled changes associated with CDMs have an intriguing resemblance to the observed trend in the annual cycle seen in recent decades, suggesting that more attention be paid to the role of “ocean yellowing” in global change
Data association with the publication entitled: 'Demonstrating the Impact of POLST Forms on Hospital Care Requires Information not Contained in State Registries'
No full textFiles contain project data and statistical code in R associated with the related publication. Background: Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) programs have expanded rapidly, but evaluating their impact on hospital care is challenging.
Objectives: To demonstrate how careful study design can reveal POLST’s impact at hospital admission and why analyses of state registry data are unlikely to capture POLST’s effects.
Design: Prospective cohort study
Setting and Participants: Adult in-patients with Do Not Intubate and/or Do Not Resuscitate (DNR/I) orders in the electronic medical record at the time of discharge from Johns Hopkins Hospital over 18 months. For patients with unplanned readmissions within 30 days, records were reviewed to determine if a Maryland Medical Order for Life-Sustaining Treatment (MOLST) form was presented and for the time from readmission to a DNR/I order in the EMR. Analyses were stratified by whether patients could communicate or were accompanied by a proxy at readmission.
Results: Among 1,507 patients with DNR/I orders at discharge, 124 (8%) had unplanned readmissions, 112 (90%) could communicate or were accompanied by a proxy at readmission, and 12 (10%) could not communicate and were unaccompanied. For patients who were unaccompanied and could not communicate, MOLST significantly decreased the median time from readmission to DNR/I order (1.2 vs 27.1 hours, P=.001), but this association was greatly attenuated among patients who could communicate or were accompanied by a proxy (16.4 vs 25.4 hours P=.10).
Conclusion: Among patients who wanted to avoid intubation and/or CPR, MOLST forms were protective when the patient was unaccompanied by a healthcare proxy at admission and could not communicate. Fewer than 10% of patients met these criteria during unplanned readmissions, and state registry data does not allow this sub-population to be identified