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Data associated with the publication: Carboxylic acid-functionalized conjugated polymer promoting diminished electronic drift and amplified proton sensitivity of remote gates compared to nonpolar surfaces in aqueous media
No full textThe original data for the publication. The data consists of spreadsheets showing the electronic characterizations of all the compositions, including different polymers and dopant levels, at different pH. The highest level of folders is labelled according to the type of device used. Then, subfolders are associated with different compositions or experimental conditions. The spreadsheets themselves contain raw electrical data for each combination. The spreadsheets are the sources of data used to construct the plots that report the observations and trends in the manuscript.
Article abstract: A systematic analysis is used to understand electrical drift occurring in field‐effect transistor (FET) dissolved‐analyte sensors by investigating its dependence on electrode surface‐solution combinations in a remote‐gate (RG) FET configuration. Water at pH 7 and neat acetonitrile, having different dipoles and polarizabilities, are applied to the RG surface of indium tin oxide, SiO2, hexamethyldisilazane‐modified SiO2, polystyrene, poly(styrene‐co‐acrylic acid), poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT), and poly [3‐(3‐carboxypropyl)thiophene‐2,5‐diyl] (PT‐COOH). It is discovered that in some cases a slow reorientation of dipoles at the interface induced by gate electric fields causes severe drift and hysteresis because of induced interface potential changes. Conductive and charged P3HT and PT‐COOH increase electrochemical stability by promoting fast surface equilibrations. It is also demonstrated that pH sensitivity of P3HT (17 mV per pH) is an indication of proton doping. PT‐COOH shows further enhanced pH sensitivity (30 mV per pH). This combination of electrochemical stability and pH response in PT‐COOH are proposed as advantageous for polymer‐based biosensors
Data associated with publication: Maximized hole trapping in a polystyrene transistor dielectric from a highly branched iminobis (aminoarene) side chain
No full textWe synthesized highly branched and electron donating side chain subunits and attached them to polystyrene (PS) used as a dielectric layer in a pentacene field effect transistor. The influence of these groups on dielectric function, charge retention and threshold voltage shifts (ΔVth) depending on their positions in dielectric multilayers was determined. We compared the observations made on an N-perphenylated iminobisaniline side chain with those from the same side chains modified with ZnO nanoparticles and with an adduct formed from tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). We also synthesized an analogue in which six methoxy groups are present instead of two amine nitrogens. At 6 mol % side chain, hopping transport was sufficient to cause shorting of the gate, while at 2 mol %, charge trapping was observable as transistor threshold voltage shifts (ΔVth). We created three types of devices: with the substituted PS layer as single layer dielectric, on top of a crosslinked PS layer but in contact with the pentacene (bilayers), and sandwiched between two PS layers in trilayers. Particularly large bias stress effects and ΔVth, larger than the hexamethoxy and previously studied dimethoxy analogs, were observed in the second case and the effects increased with the increasing electron donating properties of the modified side chains. The highest ΔVth was consistent with a majority of the side chains stabilizing trapped charge. Trilayer devices showed decreased charge storage capability compared to previous work in which we used less donating side chains but in higher concentrations. The ZnO and TCNE modifications resulted in slightly more and less negative ΔVth, respectively, when the side chain polystyrene was not in contact with the pentacene and isolated from the gate electrode. The results indicate a likely maximum combination of molecular charge stabilizing activity and side chain concentration that still allows gate dielectric function
Fertility clinic locations and details in the United States
No full textDataset contains locations and details of fertility clinics in the United States. A systematic web-search completed in January 2021 of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) clinics in the United States found 471 main clinics with embryology labs and 586 satellite clinics without embryology labs for a total of 1,057 clinic locations in the United States performing or facilitating ART.
A few assumptions were made about the details of the clinics. First, it was assumed that the medical director was the medical director listed in the 2018 Success Rates data from the CDC. All main clinics were assumed to be open to the public Monday through Friday unless otherwise specified on the practice’s website. For satellite clinics, it was assumed if not listed online that the services provided offered at that location were: consultations, bloodwork, and ultrasound monitoring. For main clinics, it was assumed if not listed online that the services provided were: consultations, bloodwork, ultrasound monitoring, intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, semen analysis, saline infusion sonohysterogram (SHG or SIS), and hysterosalpingogram (HSG).
Dataset derived from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s ART Success Rates 2018 dataset (ART Success Rates. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed December 19, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/art/artdata/index.html).
ArcGIS Survey123 system used for systematic data entry using the following web form: https://arcg.is/j8Hrf.
Dataset also available via the Fertility Clinic Finder web app:
https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=3e073183ee824e2dae5900da1774ba4b. </p
Data associated with the publication: Charge trapping in polymer electrets with highly dilute blended arylamine donors
No full textThe data consists of all raw and processed data pertaining to this publication. From the abstract: The nature of and the ability to control biasing across dielectrics is a key area of research for the design of more versatile organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). One important technique to achieve such control is the inclusion of donor or acceptor molecules in the dielectric to modulate charge trapping therein. In this work, we report the effects of the additive concentration on OFETs with two different arylamines blended in polystyrene (PS) dielectrics, N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-di-p-tolylbenzene-1,4-diamine (MPDA) and 4-anilinotriphenylamine (PATPA), as well as a comparison between PATPA/PS blends and dielectrics where PATPA was chemically tethered to the PS matrix. Dielectrics included in OFETs were subject to charging, and their charging capacity and stability were extracted from the OFET threshold voltages. For both MPDA/PS and PATPA/PS, blends with additive mole fractions as low as χ = 3 × 10–4 were sufficient to cause increases in the charge trapping relative to pure PS dielectrics. We observed a pronounced inverse relationship between the capacity and stability of blended systems at larger mole fractions (χ = 10–2) where the interadditive molecule distances became comparable to their size (∼1 nm). Differences between MPDA and PATPA behaviors were consistent with their different structures and sizes. Furthermore, we found a small effect on electronic trapping arising from the chemical tethering of PATPA to the PS matrix. This result was consistent with the changes made to the additive during the tethering process and small compared to the observed differences arising from the concentration. These results suggest that the average intermolecular separation is a key determinant of charge storage stability in blended dielectrics
Data associated with the publication: Design and synthesis of air-stable p-channel conjugated polymers for high signal-to-drift nitrogen dioxide and ammonia sensing
No full textThe data consists of all raw and processed data pertaining to the associated publication and Supporting Information. From the abstract: The development of high-performance-conjugated polymer-based gas sensors involves detailed structural tailoring such that high sensitivities are achieved without compromising the stability of the fabricated devices. In this work, we systematically developed a series of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymer semiconductors by modifying the polymer backbone to achieve and rationalize enhancements in gas sensitivities and electronic stability in air. NO2- and NH3-responsive polymer-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are described with improved air stability compared to all-thiophene conjugated polymers. Five DPP–fluorene-based polymers were synthesized and compared to two control polymers and used as active layers to detect a concentration of NO2 at least as low as 0.5 ppm. The hypothesis that the less electron-donating fluorene main-chain subunit would lead to increased signal/drift compared to thiophene and carbazole subunits was tested. The sensitivities exhibited a bias voltage-dependent behavior. The proportional on-current change of OFETs using a dithienyl DPP–fluorene polymer reached ∼614% for an exposure to 20 ppm of NO2 for 5 min, testing at a bias voltage of −33 V, among the higher reported NO2 sensitivities for conjugated polymers. Electronic and morphological studies reveal that introduction of the fluorene unit in the DPP backbone decreases the ease of backbone oxidation and induces traps in the thin films. The combination of thin-film morphology and oxidation potentials governs the gas-absorbing properties of these materials. The ratio of responses on exposure to NO2 and NH3 compared to drifts while taking the device through repeated gate voltage sweeps is the highest for two polymers incorporating electron-donating linkers connecting the DPP and thiophene units in the backbone, in this category of organic semiconductors. The responses to NO2 were much larger than that to NH3, indicating increased susceptibility to oxidizing vs reducing gases, and that the capability of oxidizing gases to induce additional charge density has a more dramatic electronic effect than when reducing gases create traps. This work demonstrates the capability of achieving improved stability with the retention of high sensitivity in conjugated polymer-based OFET sensors by modulating redox and morphological properties of polymer semiconductors by structural control
Data associated with publication: Unusually conductive organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructures derived from bio-inspired mineralization of peptide/pi-electron assemblies
No full textThe data consists of all raw and processed data pertaining to this publication. SEM and 3D laser optical microscope images of various control experiments as well as SEM/EDS data for elemental analysis of the structures that formed; electrical measurement data for control samples and controlled electrical measurement data as well as images, conditions, and assumptions for conductivity calculations.
From the article abstract: Supramolecular materials derived from pi-conjugated peptidic macromolecules are well-established to self-assemble into 1D nanostructures. In the presence of KOH, which was used to more fully dissolve the peptide macromolecules prior to triggering the self-assembly by way of exposure to HCl vapor, we report here an unexpected mineralization of KCl as templated presumably by the glutamic acid residues that were present along the backbone of the peptide macromolecules. In order to decouple the peptidic side chains from the central pi-electron unit, three-carbon spacers were added between them on both sides. The assembled structures that resulted from the collective formation of β-sheets, π-orbital overlaps, and mineralization resulted in highly interconnected dendritic structures under suitable KOH concentrations. Electrical measurements indicated that when well-interconnected, these dendritic structures maintained conductivities comparable to those of metals at around 1800 S/cm. About 50 mA current was measured for 0.5 V/37.5 μm. Varying the gate voltage in a transistor configuration had no effect on the current levels, indicating a conductive instead of a semiconducting pathway. Control experiments without the peptide, measurements of conductivity over time, and conductivity quenching by ammonia suggested the conductivity of these dendritic networks was derived from proton doping of the central π-electron units in a strong acid environment and was facilitated by closely spaced chromophores, as suggested in the literature, leading to facile π-electron transfer along the interconnected dendritic pathways. Our findings suggest that mineralization templated by appropriate amino acids combined with peptide/π-electron self-assembly can lead to highly conductive dendritic macrostructures as well as control of nanowire growth in specific directions
Data associated with the publication: Predicting Plastic Events and Quantifying the Local Yield Surface in 3D Model Glasses
No full textBy applying the local yield stress (LYS) method to probe local regions of three-dimensional computational glass models, we confirm high correlations between the measured local yield stress and the plastic events when the parameterization of the method is properly optimized. Here we apply only the local probing that aligns perfectly with the loading on the boundary on each of the 10x10x10 testing sites throughout the 3 glass samples with variations in the probing region size as 2.5, 3.75, 5, 7.5 and 10 atomic distance. A thorough investigation is conducted on the anisotropy of the local yield surface at the location of the first plastic event in one glass with variations in the direction, triaxiality, rotation and orientation during probing. It indicates that the first triggered region does not align perfectly with the loading on the boundary, but is well-predicted by projecting the shear applied at the boundary onto the local yield surface
Data associated with the publication: Geographic regions enriched with frail older adults
No full textFrail individuals are at particular risk in public health emergencies. Information about the concentration of frail individuals is expected to be valuable to health departments and other organizations with resources to deploy such as shelter, hospital beds, and ventilators. Additionally, researchers benefit from granular measures of frailty in communities for health services research or community-based research. We aimed to generate the probability of frailty for 100% of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries in the U.S. using a claims-based frailty index and describe the regional prevalence of frailty. We used a cross-sectional design using data from April through October 2015. We included 100% of Medicare beneficiaries with parts A and B coverage (n= 31,609,883) and calculated the probability of frailty using a validated claims-based frailty index. We report the prevalence of frail adults within each census division, state, county and U.S. zip code as the proportion of Medicare beneficiaries with a frailty probability greater than 20%. This dataset is our estimate of the percent of frail individuals (in 2015) for each zip code and county in the U.S. We anticipate this data set is useful for health services researchers and for individuals planning services. The estimates at the level of the census division and state are available in the published manuscript
Data associated with the publication: Influence of simplified microbial community biofilms on bacterial retention in porous media under conditions of stormwater biofiltration
No full textPorous media filters are used widely to remove bacteria from contaminated water, such as stormwater run-off. Biofilms that colonize filter media during normal function can significantly alter performance, but it is not clear how characteristics of individual populations colonizing porous media combine to affect bacterial retention. We assess how four bacterial strains isolated from stormwater and a laboratory strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, alter Escherichia coli retention in experimental sand columns under conditions of stormwater filtration relative to a clean-bed control. Our results demonstrate that these strains differentially affect E. coli retention, as was previously shown for a model colloid. To determine whether E. coli retention could be influenced by changes in relative abundance of strains within a microbial community, we selected two pairs of biofilm strains with the largest observed differences in E. coli retention and tested how changes in relative abundance of strain pairs in the biofilm affected E. coli retention. The results demonstrate that E. coli retention efficiency is influenced by the retention characteristics of the strains within biofilm microbial community, but individual strain characteristics influence retention in a manner that cannot be determined from changes in their relative abundance alone. This study demonstrates that changes in the relative abundance of specific members of a biofilm community can significantly alter filter performance, but these changes are not a simple function of strain-specific retention and the relative abundance. Our results suggest that the microbial community composition of biofilms should be considered when evaluating factors that influence filter performance
Data associated with the publication: Clumped-isotope geothermometry and carbonate U–Pb geochronology of the Alta stock metamorphic aureole, Utah, USA: Insights on the kinetics of metamorphism in carbonates
No full textThis supporting information includes text detailing the specifics of thermal and clumped-isotope reordering models. Figures include a comparison of clumped-isotope data collected in different laboratories, field photos of outcrops within the forsterite zone, electron dispersive X-ray images and spectra for dated samples, and additional plots of clumped-isotope re-equilibration modeling, including replication of Figure 6 from main text for calcite, burial and exhumation kinetic modeling in the absence of contact metamorphism, results for “disordered” model of Hemingway and Henkes (2020), and Monte Carlo simulations of dolomite clumped-isotope re-equilibration kinetic parameters. Tables provide complete analytical data for clumped-isotope measurements, thermal model input parameters, and inter-laboratory comparison clumped-isotope data. The data set provides data for U–Pb analysis