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Lexicale achterstand van kinderen met farmacoresistente epilepsie is leeftijdsafhankelijk - Een onderzoek naar benoemen van afbeeldingen
No full textBackground and aim
Generally, children with epilepsy perform worse in language tests than do healthy peers. To understand the abnormality better, we compared confrontation naming – as an index of the lexicon – between children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and healthy peers. Our queries were: could the groups be distinguished in naming performance and/or in cue-related gain; were differences, if present, constant throughout the age range; did acquisition age and frequency of the required words affect responses? We explored demographic and epilepsy influences, as well effects of parents’ education.
Method
Forty-five children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy (age 3,4 – 17,9 years; 20 girls) participated, as did 86 healthy children who were individually matched to the patients on age and gender. Stimuli were line drawings of objects with names referring to early acquired high-frequency nouns (VH), early acquired low-frequency nouns (VL) and late acquired low-frequency nouns (LL). Oral cues (a question about the object’s use, followed, if necessary, by a phonological cue) were given irregularly in case of erroneous or no response. Cue-related gain was calculated. We analysed group differences non-parametrically and explored possibly explanatory variables with linear regression analysis.
Results
The proportions of epilepsy and control children who named all drawings flawlessly did not differ significantly. Cuing was effective for similar proportions of participants in both groups and the amount of gain was similar in both groups. Plotted against age, the naming scores of the children with epilepsy ran below those of the healthy peers for each word category, but for early acquired words (VH and VL) the disadvantage of the patients disappeared with increasing age. Gain increase with age did not distinguish the groups. The earlier the age of epilepsy onset, the weaker was the naming performance of pictures referring to late acquired words.
Conclusion
Delay in lexical development of children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy can be caught up. Searching the lexicon is stimulated by cuing, also for the child with pharmaco-resistant epilepsy.Achtergrond en doel
Kinderen met epilepsie scoren bij taalonderzoek meestal significant lager dan gezonde leeftijdgenoten. Tot beter begrip hiervan vergeleken wij kinderen met farmacoresistente epilepsie met gezonde leeftijdgenoten in een benoemtaak als index van het lexicon. Onderzoeksvragen waren: verschillen de groepen in aantallen goede benoemingen en/of in hoeveelheid baat bij geboden hulp; hebben verwervingsleeftijd en gebruiksfrequentie van de woorden (namen van de afgebeelde voorwerpen) invloed; zijn de verschillen door de kindertijd heen gelijk; en is invloed vaststelbaar van epilepsievariabelen, demografische variabelen (leeftijd, geslacht, intelligentiequotiënt), en van de omgevingsvariabele opleiding van de ouders.
Methode
Vijfenveertig kinderen met farmacoresistente epilepsie (leeftijd 3,4 - 17,9 jaar; 20 meisjes) en 86 gezonde, per patiënt op geslacht en leeftijd gematchte kinderen/jongeren benoemden lijntekeningen van voorwerpen die verwezen naar vroeggeleerde hoogfrequente (VH), vroeggeleerde laagfrequente (VL) en laatgeleerde laagfrequente woorden (LL).
Bij een willekeurig deel van de onjuiste of uitblijvende benoemingen gaf de onderzoeker hulp door een vraag te stellen naar de functie van het afgebeelde voorwerp. Als dat niet hielp, volgde een fonologische aanwijzing. Goede benoemingen en baat bij de hulp werden per categorie woorden geanalyseerd. Groepsverschillen werden niet-parametrisch getoetst. Exploratief werden met lineaire regressie ziekte- en andere invloeden geanalyseerd.
Resultaten
Er was geen significant verschil in de percentages epilepsie- en controlekinderen die direct alle plaatjes goed benoemden. Ook de percentages kinderen die baat hadden bij hulp verschilden niet significant tussen beide groepen. Wel waren de gemiddelde benoemscores van de kinderen met epilepsie lager dan die van de controlekinderen. Dit groepsverschil verdween met toenemende leeftijd in de VH- en VL-woorden maar niet in de LL-woorden. De baat bij hulp nam in beide groepen toe met de leeftijd als het ging om VH- en VL-woorden. Voor LL-woorden toonde de epilepsiegroep minder leeftijdgebonden toename. Hoe vroeger in het leven de epilepsie was ontstaan, des te zwakker was het benoemen van de plaatjes die verwezen naar LL-woorden.
Conclusie
Kinderen met farmacoresistente epilepsie kunnen hun achterstand in ontwikkeling van het lexicon althans voor vroeg geleerde woorden inhalen. Ook bij kinderen met epilepsie stimuleert hulp (i.c. vragen naar de functie van het voorwerp of een fonologische aanwijzing) het zoeken in het lexicon
On Psyche and Psychology: A Reflection
No full textThe story of Cupid & Psyche in Apuleius’s Metamorphoses has long been valued for its literary qualities and philosophical implications. This study sets the story in the slave-owning culture to which it originally belonged. It pays special attention to the portrayal of Psyche as a runaway slave, and examines this construct through reference to the extensive body of Roman law that governed the treatment of fugitive slaves in real life. To support the story’s documentary potential, a comparison is drawn with a modern classic story of escape from servitude, Toni Morrison’s Beloved
Sytse Jan van der Molen as Frysk en Nederlânsk folkskundige
No full textThe publications of the Frisian folklorist, publicist and journalist Sytse Jan van der Molen (1912-1995) show a fascinating tension between traditional and modernizing influences in folkloristics and cultural science, both before as well as after his collaboration with the German occupation authorities during the Second World War. How did this affect his writing, and how did it influence their reception? This article explores not only the conservative mindset with which he set out in the 1930s, but also suggests the necessity of further research on his wartime activities. Moreover, it points out several themes in his publications after the war which put him at the forefront of Frisian and Dutch folkloristic
De grafheuvel van de bronstijdkrijger van Drouwen: onderzoeksgeschiedenis, hergebruik in de Vroege Middeleeuwen en regionale funeraire context
No full textIn 1927, A.E. van Giffen excavated a largely levelled burial mound near the village of Drouwen in the Dutch province of Drenthe. A few years later, Van Giffen published a summary report on the excavation, in which he concentrated on the lavish inventory of the central Sögel warrior burial. In 1985-1989, J.N. Lanting carried out further research at the site of the mound and revealed a large number of soil features from the Bronze Age and early Middle Ages. This second excavation has never been published before. The present article discusses both excavations. After an evaluation of all the excavation data the author zooms in on the warrior: what was his cultural context, and how can we interpret his social status in the region? The article concludes with an analysis of the spatial pattern of which this burial mound is a part. To do so, the author looks at all the prehistoric and protohistoric burial monuments in the area between the villages of Drouwen and Borger.Van Giffen’s profile drawings of the mound section he investigated suggest two construction phases. The oldest structure, a central mound of grey sand (c. 8 m across by c. 0.80 m high), was raised over the remains of a pyre. This first mound probably dates to the Early or early Middle Bronze Age. In the 16th century BC the warrior grave was dug into this mound; posts around the grave suggest the presence of a mortuary house or fence. The mound that was associated with this grave was c. 1.60 m high, possibly elongated (26 by 15 m or less) and surrounded by an oval ditch up to 1.6 m wide, with to the north a c. 3.40-m-wide opening. Whether there were any secondary burials is unknown.In the early Middle Ages, when the surrounding ditch had long since been filled in, the mound and its immediate vicinity became the location of a cemetery with graves arranged in rows (rijengrafveld). Only a small section of this cemetery was excavated (61 graves) so that the full period it was used is uncertain. Most graves were oriented east-west. Of the investigated graves, the majority were fully excavated, and several contained traces of a coffin. The buried individuals were mostly adults. Many did not produce any grave goods, and those items that were found were - in Van Giffen’s words - ‘armelijk’, rather poor. They are mostly iron knives and ‘prikkels’ (‘goads’, iron points, of unknown function, originally attached to a rod), bronze needle cases, keys, and one brooch. Of particular interest are three strings of beads and one isolated bead. To the extent they can be dated, all grave goods are comparatively late and could well be 8th and 9th-century, indicating that the cemetery ended at some point in the 9th century. The only human remains come from a small sub-recent pit close to Grave 29 (GrM-28439: 1244 ± 21 BP, i.e. 680-876 cal AD (2σ)).It is highly unlikely that the ‘Drouwen Warrior’ was anything more than a ‘big man’ whose network extended into northern Germany and possibly even Scandinavia. Whether he actually was a warrior in life is still an open question. When he was buried, at some point in the 16th century BC, several (very) ancient burial monuments already existed nearby. The mound of the warrior may have been part of an old linear alignment of these features. Why this particular mound was chosen in the early medieval period to situate a cemetery will probably always remain a mystery, although it is tempting to think that stories about the dead man buried there 2200 years earlier were still being told in the 7th or 8th century AD. That would tie in with the current archaeological narrative of the Bronze Age warrior as a person who strove after a heroic status after death, a form of immortality, created by the stories, passed on in each generation, of his martial, cosmopolitan and adventurous life
Making a point: A study of later prehistoric pins from the Netherlands (2200-250 BCE)
No full textIn this contribution, we discuss the nearly two hundred later prehistoric pins from bronze and iron that were found in the Netherlands, and range in date between the Late Neolithic and the Late Iron Age (2200- 250 BCE). For all these pins, we provide information on form, dimensions and decoration, that help to identify local and supra-regional styles in dress-fasteners. Production techniques and compositions of the bronze alloys used are – where available – also discussed. The diachronic and systematic review of their contexts of recovery and object associations, allow to identify diachronic trends in pin use and pin deposition, which means that both local and supra-regional traditions in identity expression using pins can be identified
Boekbesprekingen, boekaankondigingen
No full textBijbelwetenschappen: Karel C. Innemée (red.) - The Value of a Human Life: Ritual Killing and Human Sacrifice in Antiquity; Kyle H. Keimer/George A. Pierce (red.) - The Ancient Israelite World; P. de Vries - Zicht op de Bijbelse boodschap: Bijdragen over de boodschap van het Oude en Nieuwe Testament; Anwarul Azad/Ida Glaser - Genesis 1-11; Bruce K. Waltke/James M. Houston - The Psalms as Christian Praise: A Historical Commentary; Hannes Bezzel/Uwe Becker/Matthijs de Jong (red.) - Prophecy and Foreign Nations: Aspects of the Role of the ‘Nations’ in the Books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel; David Davage - How Isaiah Became an Author: Prophecy, Authority, and Attribution; C.L. Crouch/Cristopher B. Hays - Isaiah: A Paradigmatic Prophet and His Interpreters: An Introduction and Study Guide; Ben Witherington III/Jason A. Myers - Voices and Views on Paul: Exploring Scholarly Trends.
Kerk- en theologiegeschiedenis: J. Patout Burns jr. - Augustine’s Preached Theology: Living as the Body of Christ; Corinna Ehlers - Konfessionsbildung im Zweiten Abendmahlsstreit (1552–1558/59); Aleida Siller (red.) - Emder Synode 1571: Erinnerungsort – Kulturtransfer; P.J. Slootweg - ‘Teeth and Talons Whetted for Slaughter’: Divine Attributes and Suffering Animals in Historical Perspective(1600–1961); Jan Veenhof - Vrij en verbonden: Memoires van Jan Veenhof.
Missiologie en oecumenica: Vince L. Bantu - A Mulditude of All Peoples. Engaging Ancient Christianity’s Global Identity.
Dogmatiek: Martien E. Brinkman - Hoe mijn God veranderde: een reisverslag; Benjamin Dahlke/Cornelia Dockter/Aaron Langenfeld (red.) - Christologie im Horizont pneumatologischer Neuaufbrüche:Bestandsaufnahmen und Perspektiven); W.M. Dekker/E. van ’t Slot (red.) - Doordacht spreken over God: opstellen van en voor Jan Muis ter gelegenheid van zijnzeventigste verjaardag; Edwin Chr. van Driel - Rethinking Paul: Protestant Theology and Pauline Exegesis.
Ethiek: Herman Bavinck - Filosofische ethiek, bezorgd, ingeleid en geannoteerd door Dirk van Keulen; Ad de Bruijne - Verbonden voor het leven: Een theologisch-ethisch voorstel rond homoseksualiteit en seksuele diversiteit; Matthias Konradt - Ethik im Neuen Testament; Hilary Marlow/Mark Harris (red) - The Oxford Handbook of the Bible and Ecology; Hans G. Ulrich, red. Brian Brock - Transfigured not Conformed. Christian Ethics in a Hermeneutic Key.
Liturgie: Christoph Krummacher - Kirchenmusik; Arjan Plaisier/Ineke Cornet - Dichter bij God: Aanwijzingen voor een rijke liturgie; W. Verboom - Van doopvont naar avondmaalstafel: Pastorale uitleg van de liturgische formulieren bij doop, belijdenisen avondmaal.
Wijsbegeerte: Wout Bisschop - The Epistemology of Textual Interpretation. A Study in Analytical Hermeneutics; René van Woudenberg - The Epistemology of Reading and Interpretation