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Een ‘goedertieren vogt’. Menstruatie in de geneeskunde van de vroegmoderne Nederlanden
No full textKennis over de anatomische en fysiologische aspecten van menstruatie is onontbeerlijk om te begrijpen hoe het vrouwenlichaam cultuurhistorisch werd geframed in de vroegmoderne Nederlanden. In dit artikel laten we zien dat medici vanaf de zeventiende eeuw een uitgesproken positief idee hadden over menstruatie als de perfecte belichaming van de helende kracht van de natuur. Toch leidden mechanische en scheikundige verklaringen uiteindelijk tot een moralisering van de maandstonden waarbij leefstijl voorspelde hoe problematisch de maandelijkse bloedingen zouden verlopen. Deze moralisering zette de toon voor negentiende-eeuwse theorieën die de biologie van menstruatie gebruikten om de ondergeschikte rol van vrouwen – op lichamelijk, mentaal en moreel gebied – te rechtvaardigen
Ideologies of Kemalism reflected in the topical structure of the translated English speech of Recep Tayyip Erdogan
No full textThrough the use of Critical Discourse Analysis, this study aims to identify, analyze the topical structure and progression of the 2016 Republic Day speech of the current ruling president of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The study also aims to shed light on elements of power and ideology in the speech through Topical Structure Analysis (Lautamatti, 1987; Connor & Schneider, 1990). This paper demonstrates how Topical Structure Analysis can reveal the ideological underpinnings of Erdogan’s speech by identifying topics and topical progressions. The study demonstrated that TSA facilitated a deep analysis of the political text, uncovering the intended overall discourse topic and the ideological background and underpinnings. The most significant topics were the War of Liberation, the Republic of Turkey, and the 2016 Coup Attempt. In terms of progressions, Sequential progression introduced new topics strategically, parallel progression identified explicit topics and underlying themes, while extended progression linked historical events to contemporary issues and future aspirations. The overall discourse topic was identified as The Coup Attempt of 2016 = War of Liberation for the Republic, uncovering the ideologies of Republicanism (Republic of Turkey and its historical context), Nationalism (Continuous references to the War of Liberation), and Revolutionism (defence against the Coup Attempt).
Critical Discourse Analysis, Topical Structure Analysis, power, ideology, nationalis
Naar een proces-georiënteerde, dimensionale methode voor diagnostiek en behandeling van spraakstoornissen bij kinderen. Positiebepaling en toekomstperspectieven
No full textBackground
Children with speech sound disorders (SSD) form a heterogeneous group, with respect to severity, etiology, proximal causes, speech error characteristics and response to treatment. Infants develop speech and language in interaction with neurological maturation, and general perceptual, motoric and cognitive skills in a social-emotional context.
Purpose
After a brief introduction into psycholinguistic models of speech production and levels of causation, in this paper we present an in-depth overview of mechanisms and processes, and the dynamics thereof, which are crucial in typical speech development. These basic mechanisms and processes are: [1] neurophysiological motor refinement, that is, the maturational articulatory mechanisms that drive babbling and the more differentiated production of larger speech patterns; [2] sensori-motor integration, which forms the steering function from phonetics to phonology; and [3] motor hierarchy and articulatory phonology describing the gestural organization of syllables, that underlie fluent speech production. These dynamics have consequences for the diagnosis and further analysis of SSD in children. We argue that current diagnostic classification systems do not do justice to the multi-level, multi-factorial and interactive character of the underlying mechanisms and processes. This is illustrated by a recent Dutch study yielding distinct performance profiles among children with SSD, which allows for a dimensional interpretation of underlying processing deficits.
Conclusions
Analyses of mainstream treatments with respect to the treatment goals and the speech mechanisms addressed, show that treatment programs are quite transparent in their aims and approach and how they contribute to remediating specific deficits or mechanisms. Recent studies into clinical reasoning reveal that the clinical challenge for SLPs is how to select the most appropriate treatment at the most appropriate time for each individual child with SSD. We argue that a process-oriented approach has merits as compared to categorical diagnostics as a toolbox to aid in the interpretation of the speech profile into underlying deficits and connect these to a specific intervention approach and treatment target.Achtergrond:
Kinderen met een spraakontwikkelingsstoornis (SOS) vormen een heterogene groep, met betrekking tot ernst, etiologie, proximale oorzaken, spraakfoutkenmerken en respons op behandeling. Baby’s en peuters ontwikkelen spraak en taal in interactie met neurologische rijping, en algemene perceptuele, motorische en cognitieve vaardigheden in een sociaal-emotionele context.
Doel:
Na een korte introductie in psycholinguïstische modellen van spraakproductie en niveaus van causaliteit, presenteren we in dit artikel een diepgaand overzicht van mechanismen en processen, en de dynamiek daarvan, die cruciaal zijn in de typische spraakontwikkeling. Deze basismechanismen en -processen zijn: [1] neurofysiologische motorische verfijning, dat wil zeggen de rijpende articulatorische mechanismen die brabbelen en de meer gedifferentieerde productie van grotere spraakpatronen aansturen; [2] sensomotorische integratie, die de sturende functie vormt van fonetiek naar fonologie; en [3] motorische hiërarchie en articulatorische fonologie die de organisatie van articulatorische bewegingen in lettergrepen beschrijft, die ten grondslag liggen aan vloeiende spraakproductie. Deze dynamiek heeft gevolgen voor de diagnose en verdere analyse van SOS bij kinderen. Wij betogen dat de huidige diagnostische classificatiesystemen geen recht doen aan het multi-level, multifactoriële en interactieve karakter van de onderliggende mechanismen en processen. Dit wordt geïllustreerd door een recente Nederlandse studie die verschillende prestatieprofielen opleverde bij kinderen met SOS, wat een dimensionale interpretatie van onderliggende verwerkingstekorten mogelijk maakt.
Conclusies:
Analyses van reguliere behandelingen met betrekking tot de behandeldoelen en de spraakmechanismen die worden aangepakt, laten zien dat behandelprogramma\u27s behoorlijk transparant zijn in hun doelen en aanpak, en hoe ze bijdragen aan het verhelpen van specifieke tekorten of mechanismen. Recente studies naar klinisch redeneren laten zien dat de klinische uitdaging voor logopedisten is om de meest geschikte behandeling op het meest geschikte moment te kunnen selecteren voor elk individueel kind met SOS. Wij betogen dat een procesgerichte aanpak voordelen heeft in vergelijking met categorische diagnostiek als een toolbox om te helpen bij de interpretatie van het spraakprofiel in onderliggende tekorten en deze te verbinden met een specifieke interventieaanpak en behandelingsdoel
Andra vägar från periferin: Nilla Kjellsdotter och den finlandssvenska deckarboomen
No full textAuthors of the Swedish speaking minority in Finland have traditionally been published primarily by Finland-Swedish publishers, while a few of the most successful find their way into the larger, surrounding literary markets by having their works published in separate editions by publishers in Sweden and/or translated into Finnish and possibly also into other languages. However, Finland-Swedish crime writer Nilla Kjellsdotter, who made her debut in 2021, has chosen a different way from the traditional one, by applying directly to publishers in Sweden without going through the Finland-Swedish publishers in Helsinki. Several other Finland-Swedish crime writers are also currently following in Kjellsdotter’s footsteps. In this article, I examine Nilla Kjellsdotter’s different path from the periphery to commercial success in the larger book markets in Sweden and Finland and ask what kinds of implications this may have for Finland-Swedish literature and its conditions. What kind of impact does the rise of audiobooks and subscription-based streaming services in Sweden and Scandinavia have in this matter? What kind of new opportunities opens for Finland-Swedish writers to partake in the larger, surrounding book markets?By regarding Finland-Swedish literature as a “minor literature”, following Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, I also examine how the writing of crime novels assumes political and collective values within the minority context, and how this could be identified in the Finland-Swedish reception of Kjellsdotter’s novels.
The continued evolution of the diagnosis of Personality Disorders
No full textThis paper traces the evolution of the diagnostic formulations for personality disorders (PDs) through the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2022) and in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11; World Health Organization, 2019). It outlines key arguments for and against three major diagnostic approaches: the categorical approach that is currently in use in the DSM-5-TR, which lists ten categories of PDs; the dimensional model, which diagnoses PDs according to five domains, their respective facets, and their severity; and the mixed/hybrid approach in Section III of the DSM-5-TR, which has been proposed as an Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) diagnosis. Finally, three case studies are compared and contrasted using all three approaches. All three diagnostic systems appear to have advantages and disadvantages, although the dimensional and mixed/hybrid seem to be gaining adherents, particularly among younger mental health professionals
Triny Martens, Gettje Pals, Piet Smit en Nel Swart, met medewerking van Siebren Dyk, Meslânzer Woardeboek. Woordenboek van het dialect van Midsland (Terschelling)
No full textPsychoanalysis and Biography in Times of Crisis: Freud’s Late Correspondence with Marie Bonaparte
No full textThe article addresses the topic of crisis, loss and resilience in Sigmund Freud’s late correspondence with Princess Marie Bonaparte. The correspondence, covering the years 1925-1939, will serve as the starting material for a broader question about the role of correspondence practices in the personal biography of Freud, for whom the 1920s and 1930s were marked, on the one hand, by the international success of the psychoanalytic movement, on the other hand, under the sign of a quick development of his terminal illness, the Anschluss, and the forced emigration to England related to the experience of loss and uprooting. The author argues that this correspondence is crucial to a better understanding of the psychoanalytic reflection of life writing, especially biography, as well as Freud’s intimate experience of exile, his personal experience of the loss of his psychoanalytic heritage and the destruction of Jewish life in Austria
Writing Care: Narrative Strategies and Corporeal Realities in Carmen Maria Machado\u27s In the Dream House
No full textIn this paper, we analyze Carmen Maria Machado’s memoir In the Dream House (2019), focusing on care and corporeality, attending to the intricacies of its narrative form. We argue that Machado not only presents abuse, care, and corporeality as themes but also embeds them as integral elements shaping the form of the narrative. By doing so, she expands the formal possibilities of life writing, inviting readers to reconsider the intersections between narrative construction, bodily experience, and the ethics of care. The analysis identifies two distinct yet interdependent modes of care within the memoir: form as care and care as form. The former refers to the ways in which the memoir’s structural choices (its polyphonic voice, generic hybridity, and experimental format) perform an ethics of care, both for the writer and the reader. The latter considers how representations of care (through acts, gestures, and their various manifestations) not only function as integral elements of the text’s overall design but also provide moments of respite and levity in an otherwise trauma-laden narrative. This paper foregrounds these dual modes and offers insights into the complexities of life writing in relation to the fractured autobiographical subject: a narrator caught between self-interrogation and self-preservation, a body that remembers trauma but lacks the physical evidence to validate its suffering. We argue that the arc of recovery, traced from trauma to care (personal and interpersonal), formalizes these tropes into an intertextual, self-diagnostic, non-linear, and playfully interactive structure of the memoir as life writing
Douglas Field, Walking in the Dark: James Baldwin, My Father, and Me
No full textIn 1997, Geoff Dyer presented himself as a literary critic with an extreme case of writer’s block, attempting to write a book about D. H. Lawrence that he would never actually finish (Dyer did not intend to write a serious study of D. H. Lawrence). This persona appeared in Out of Sheer Rage: Wrestling with D. H. Lawrence, a strange, hybrid, cheeky work—part memoir, part travelogue, part literary criticism—that parodied the dry, high-toned academic literary criticism long dominant in universities. Dyer was not alone in his preference for the more down-to-earth mixture of memoir and literary criticism. A decade before Out of Sheer Rage was published, scholars and teachers grappling with the lack of funding for humanities programs and declining humanities majors believed it was time to validate a kind of literary criticism that would take readers back to literature’s humanist roots. They wondered what happened to all the inspired readers, those who found in great books the power to give them a voice and to think through life’s intractable problems
Andreas Hetzel: Vielfalt achten. Eine Ethik der Biodiversität
No full textRezension zu Andreas Hetzel: Vielfalt achten. Eine Ethik der Biodiversität (transcript 2024).