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Writing the Lone Mother’s Lifetime: Peter Handberg’s Den vita fläcken
No full textThis article offers an analysis of a son’s ‘relational auto/biography’ of his lone mother; Swedish author Peter Handberg’s novel Den vita fläcken (The White Spot 2015). It focuses on how the book builds a sense of the mother Gunhild’s lifetime through the use of three different temporal dimensions: historicization, extension, and relational weaving of life courses. Matrifocal books by sons are interesting in several ways. First, in that they counter the gendered convention of sons’ patrifocal auto/biography, and cross over to the matrifocal auto/biography that has typically been linked to the mother-daughter relationship. Second, in contrast to patrifocal narratives that typically attempt to recover the parent who was absent or lost, they attempt to tell the story of the always-present parent: the mother. In their description of a close, ongoing, and often loving – although seldom unproblematic – relationship between a (now middle-aged) son and his mother, they furthermore counter ingrained cultural myths that envision ‘mother-son separation as the precondition of manhood’ (O’Reilly 2016, 15). Therefore, I argue, while sons’ auto/biographical writing about their lone mothers can be an inroad to investigating how subjective narratives of (lone-parent) family lives are constructed in life writing, they can also be inroads to re-thinking conventional genderings in literary studies
Josette Féral & Julie-Michèle Morin, eds. 2023. La vidéo en scène. L’acteur et ses technologies (Saint-Denis: Presses Universitaires de Vinciennes)
No full textIdentifying the Legitimacy of the Taliban Government and the Resurrection of Peace in Afghanistan
No full textA government’s legality and its recognition need to be tested through the lenses of international law where the government changes through unconstitutional measures. The Taliban’s coming to power in Afghanistan is through unconstitutional and undemocratic means. Its control over Afghanistan raises questions about the fundamental nature of international law, politics, the State’s internal governance, and issues crucial for international peace. These matters although of primary concern, however, compromised to a secondary position as their accomplishment is contingent on peace being restored and guaranteed by the class of people in the ruling hierarchy. Since the Taliban government is not recognised by many States, it puts to test, the international law criteria for recognizing the government of the State. The reluctance shown by the comity of nations in recognizing the government, further raises the related issue of international law, that how the comity of nations can create an inroad for human rights and peace in Afghanistan. The objective to establish peace in Afghanistan, by identifying the legitimacy of the Taliban regime, touches the core aspect of de jure government as recognized by international law and is also a key concern for setting the trust of Afghan people in international law and international institutions. This article sets the premise to know the position of international law, for recognising a government in a State where the change of government is not established by legal measures and therefore not recognised by other nations. Besides, the author attempts to explore the possibilities of setting the foundation and establishing human rights and related objectives for sustainable peace in Afghanistan. The author sets the dialectical discourse, for setting a roadmap to achieve peace in Afghanistan by applying international law provisions through international institutions
Cyber Warfare as a Use of Force against Third-Party Countries: The Perspective of International Law
No full textThe use of force in international relations takes different forms and changes year by year due to the development of cyber technology. The problem mentioned in this study is that the Charter of the United Nations (UN Charter) and international law have not considered weapons development and future weapons that may be used in international relations, as Russia has used such weapons during the war against Ukraine. Unfortunately, cyber technologies were used to deter and weaken Ukraine’s chance to gain an advanced result on the ground. Although such cyber operations can cause the same physical damage as other weapons, the international community is still struggling to determine whether using a cyber weapon is considered a use of force. This study argues that cyber attacks against third-party countries that support Ukraine during the war may count as the use of force and a breach of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter
Promoting Food Security through the Multilateral Trading System: Assessing the WTO’s Efforts, Identifying its Gaps, and Exploring the Way Forward
No full textThe Covid-19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine have unveiled the vulnerabilities of global food systems, resulting in food shortages, price spikes, and worsening food security. The World Trade Organization can play a key role in addressing these challenges through its developed body of rules. Its regulatory framework on agriculture, however, is affected by shortcomings and asymmetries that pose challenges to the long-term achievement of secure and sustainable food systems. Despite extensive negotiations among countries in the Committee on Agriculture ahead of the 12th Ministerial Conference, few concrete proposals were made to reform trade rules on agriculture. Additionally, the 12th Ministerial Conference itself failed to produce satisfactory results with respect to food security. The ongoing stalemate in agricultural negotiations since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic indicates the need for a new, holistic approach to address food security at the World Trade Organization, particularly in preparation for the upcoming 13th Ministerial Conference in 2024. This approach should be informed by equity considerations and grounded in the notion of sustainable development and the human right to food. While a comprehensive reform of the Agreement on Agriculture informed by this approach is the ultimate goal, it is unlikely to occur in the short- to medium-term due to disagreement among countries on how to reform the three pillars of the Agreement. Therefore, an incremental approach could be adopted by prioritising issues for which short- to medium-term reforms are more likely to garner consensus, such as sustainable agricultural production, and by employing soft law instruments. The latter favour a flexible approach and promote cooperation and trust among countries.
 
Overview of Environmental Laws in Africa: Towards the Emergence of an ‘Africanization’ of Environmental Protection Standards?
No full textStrengthening the implementation of environmental rules is now a main issue for national and environmental law. The environment theme is far from new and has been closely linked to African experts since the 1960s. Indeed, it was in Africa where one of the first major conventions on the conservation of nature and natural resources was initiated. In many African countries, the field of environmental law is notable for the profusion and variety of principles and regulations concerning the preservation of the environment. However, this abundance of legal standards is at odds with the actual practice of environmental protection due to the vast majority of these environmental rules not being implemented. It is necessary to draw attention to the need for improved articulation of African rights with international environmental law to assist Africa in addressing this challenge. This article analyses how the execution and implementation of current environmental legislation in Africa, with an African specificity, could lead to an ‘Africanization’ of environmental protection, which can also help in resolving the discrepancies that arose when norms of external origin were incorporated into African legal frameworks
Boekbesprekingen
No full textBijbelwetenschappen: Klaus-Peter Adam - Hate and Enmity in Biblical Law; O. Andrejevs/E. Lupieri/J. Verheyden/S.J. Joseph (red). - The Synoptic Problem 2022: Proceedings of the Loyola University Conference; Christoph Gregor Müller, Der erste Petrusbrief.
Kerk- en theologiegeschiedenis: David J. Davis, Experiencing God in Late Medieval and Early Modern England; Christoph Strohm, Luther, Melanchthon, Bucer und die reformierte Reformation: Ausgewählte Studien; Lyle D. Bierma, Font of Pardon and New Life: John Calvin and the Efficacy of Baptism; Matthias Freudenberg/Andreas Mühling/Peter Opitz (red.) - Reformierte Bekenntnisschriften: Band 5. Ausgewählte Texte in deutscher Übersetzung. Deel 1: 1523–1561/deel 2: 1563–2019; H. van der Kooij - Vitringa over de Openbaring van Johannes. Deel I: Openbaring 1 tot en met 14; Evert Leeflang, Tasten naar God: Een introductie in de moderne theologie; Declan Kelly - The Defeat of Satan: Karl Barth’s Three-Agent Account of Salvation.
Systematische theologie: Michael F. Bird/Scott Harrower - Unlimited Atonement: Amyraldism and Reformed Theology; David Bruner - Eberhard Jüngel on God, Truth, and History; Arnold Huijgen - Waarom de wereld een hel nodig heeft; P.T. Pel/H.J. Room (red.) - Het Woord in geding; Douglas A. Sweeney - The Substance of Our Faith. Foundations for the History of Christian Doctrine.
Ethiek: Hanna Reichel - After Method: Queer Grace, Conceptual Design, and the Possibility of Theology.
Praktische theologie: Mart-Jan Paul/Jan Hoek - Een stem uit de hemel: Gods spreken in de Bijbel en in onze tijd