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From Humanitarian Intervention to Invasion: Conflicting Readings of Self-Determination
No full textSelf-determination remains a fundamental yet contentious norm in international law, simultaneously facilitating realisation of the rights of peoples and serving as a tool in geopolitical manoeuvring. Despite its historical role in dismantling colonial structures, its practical enforcement continues to be constrained by the prevailing international legal framework. Contemporary developments underscore the persistent friction between aspirations for autonomy and the imperatives of state sovereignty, particularly in disputes over territorial integrity. Examining the Russian Federation’s use of self determination to assert influence over separatist regions, this study highlights a shift from the protection of minority rights to strategic political intervention. By assessing this evolution, the analysis contributes to the broader discussion on the legal and geopolitical implications of self-determination in the contemporary international order
Human Rights and International Investment Protection: Why History Should Matter in the Making of International Investment Agreements by Developing Countries
No full textThe international investment protection regime was established to provide legal certainty and protection for foreign investors while also fostering economic cooperation with host States. It aims to ensure that foreign nationals are treated fairly and equitably, without discrimination, and that their properties are not expropriated, either overtly or covertly, without adequate compensation, all within a framework that balances investor rights with State sovereignty. The regime establishes enforceable standards intended to protect foreign investors while promoting legal certainty in the host State. However, in recent years, it has been increasingly criticised for creating an imbalance between the rights granted to investors and the regulatory autonomy of host States, particularly in areas involving public interest concerns such as human rights. This paper examines this relational imbalance from a historic context and highlights the concerns it holds for the regulatory autonomy of capital-importing or developing countries, which are major recipients of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The paper utilizes a historical approach, complemented by doctrinal analysis, to explore the evolution of international investment law, offering a deeper understanding of legal frameworks and contemporary challenges in balancing investor protection with state sovereignty. This paper presents the view that this asymmetry can be rationalised and better understood by examining the historical objective of the investment protection regime and the underlying doctrines that shape its goals. The paper suggests that the valuable lessons embedded in this history should provide developing countries with the necessary impetus to adopt measures to balance this significant disparity. Finally, the paper concludes that the emerging treaty-making practices and other domestic measures of some developing countries provides some hopes towards restoring the regulatory space to legislate on human rights
Casus procesgerichte diagnostiek bij een kind met een spraakontwikkelingsstoornis (SOS)
No full textDiagnosing Speech Sound Disorders (SSDs) is a frequently discussed topic due to its complexity. Classifying SSDs based on symptoms does not always provide a clear answer to the therapy to be followed, because there is a lot of overlap in symptoms between the different SSDs. In addition, it is important to see which testinstruments are suitable for diagnosis. The different tests look at different elements in the speech process. Using process-orientated diagnostics might support diagnosing and provide starting points for effective treatment. In this case study, the difference in diagnosis and treatment for SSDs is discussed when this is done based on symptom diagnostics or on process-orientated diagnostics.Het stellen van een diagnose bij een spraakontwikkelingsstoornis (SOS) is vanwege de complexiteit ervan een veel besproken onderwerp. Het classificeren van een SOS op basis van symptomen biedt niet altijd duidelijkheid over de te volgen therapie, omdat er veel overlappende symptomen zijn tussen de verschillende subtypen van een SOS. Voor het stellen van een diagnose kunnen verschillende spraakonderzoeken gebruikt worden. Het is belangrijk om te weten op welk onderdeel/onderdelen van het spraakproces een onderzoek zich richt om de resultaten van het onderzoek te kunnen interpreteren, hypotheses te vormen, te toetsen en een diagnose te stellen. Door bij het onderzoek niet alleen uit te gaan van symptomen van de spraak (symptoomdiagnostiek), maar ook te kijken naar de onderliggende processen (procesdiagnostiek) kan richting gegeven worden aan een diagnose en effectieve behandeling. Dit wordt geïllustreerd door middel van een casus
Focus. Digitale geesteswetenschap, kunstmatige intelligentie en theologie
No full textN.a.v.: Marcel Barnard, God in Bits & Bytes (Middelburg: Skandalon, 2024) 176 p., € 25,99 (ISBN 9789493220584); Heidi Campbell en Pauline Hope Cheong, The Oxford Handbook of Digital Religion (New York: Oxford University Press, 2024) 680 p., £ 115,00 (ISBN 9780197549803); Samuel D. James, Digitale overgave. Herontdekking van christelijke wijsheid in een online tijdperk (Utrecht: KokBoekencentrum, 2024) 192 p., € 20,00 (ISBN 9789043541534); Christopher A. Nunn, Frederike van Oorschot, Kompendium Computational Theology. Bd. 1: Forschungspraktiken in den Digital Humanities/Compendium of Computational Theology. Dl. 1: Introducing Digital Humanities to Theology (Heidelberg: heiBOOKS, 2024) 527 p., € 52,00 en open access, https://doi. org/10.11588/heibooks.1459 (ISBN 9783911056175)
Helena Duffy and Avril Tynan (eds.), Trauma, Ethics, Hermeneutics: Essays in Honour of Colin Davis
No full textThroughout a career spanning four decades, Colin Davis has established himself as a main proponent of a philosophical and hermeneutic approach to the study of the narrative arts in which the prime goal is to come to a fuller understanding, not only of the work at hand, but also of broader contexts. In this approach, a novel or a film can be both an object of study, as well as a means with which to study the world. In the work of Davis himself, this has led to careful close readings that are informed by, but also further develop ethics, philosophy, and hermeneutics, often with a focus on trauma. Many of his studies concern different forms of life writing, especially from Holocaust Literature
Fostering intercultural competence through an asynchronous virtual exchange in secondary-level foreign language classes
No full textIntercultural competence (IC) has long been recognized as an important learning objective in foreign language education. This study investigates whether an asynchronous virtual exchange (VE) may be used as a tool to develop IC in secondary-level students. Two Spanish foreign language classes in Western Canada were linked with two English foreign language classes in Spain, using a virtual platform. The students conducted a six-week VE with four assignments based on Deardorff\u27s (2006a) IC framework. Using a quasi-experimental research design, students’ perceived IC growth was measured. The results revealed a significant association between students\u27 VE engagement and their perceived increase in IC. Additionally, the analysis found evidence that learners rated the VE activities as highly interesting, valuable to their learning, and recommendable. This adds to the corpus of research that supports the use of VEs as effective and accessible techniques for fostering intercultural learning
Critical evaluation of definition(s) of sustainability at a Dutch university
No full textThe term sustainability is increasingly used in many aspects of our daily lives, including in higher education. Definitions often equate sustainability with sustainable development or follow the ‘three pillars’ of economy, environment, and society. These definitions serve to exclude non-human animals, and in doing so perpetuate an anthropocentric worldview which acts as a barrier to true transformation. Universities are centres of knowledge creation and dissemination, and the language they use to communicate about sustainability is important.
This research takes a critical ecolinguistic approach to explore how sustainability is defined and operationalised by a Dutch university. The university definition of sustainability was evaluated through examination of the ‘strategic plan’ and ‘the sustainability roadmap’ of the university. We evaluate these definitions against the ecological philosophy of this research which embeds non-human animals in its definition. We find that the university tends to view sustainability as a broad version of the anthropocentric term sustainable development. The university’s message on sustainability is not overly coherent and the texts split their focus between the planetary aspects and the social impact of sustainability decisions. Animals are almost never mentioned in the definition, and are operationalised only in terms of what they can provide humans
Introducing Maria Shevtsova
No full textThis is the introduction by the guest convenor, Rui Pina Coelho, of this Scholar in Focus section on Prof. Em. Maria Shevtsova (Goldsmiths, University of London, UK), an esteemed and internationally acclaimed scholar, widely celebrated for her pioneering research on contemporary European theatre directors and companies, Russian theatre, the epistemology of mise-en-scène, and for laying the foundations of the innovative field of the sociology of theatre
TOS en innerlijke taal: stand van de wetenschap en implicaties voor de praktijk
No full textInner speech, referring to talking to yourself in your head, can be used to regulate behaviour. The concept of inner speech is sometimes associated with developmental language disorder (DLD). An evident line of reasoning is that oral language problems in children with DLD affect inner speech, which causes problems in behavioural regulation. In this article we summarize research on inner speech. We describe ways in which inner speech is measured and outcomes of studies including children with and without DLD. We conclude that, given the weak evidence for the role of inner speech, there is no reason to adjust the current treatment of children with DLD.Innerlijke taal is een term voor stille zelfspraak of het gebruik van woorden tijdens het denkproces. Er wordt verondersteld dat innerlijke taal een rol speelt bij het aansturen van gedrag, met name bij het uitvoeren van complexe taken. In de literatuur is voorgesteld dat de mondelinge taalproblemen van kinderen met een taalontwikkelingsstoornis (TOS) ervoor zorgen dat ook hun innerlijke taal is aangedaan. Veronderstelde tekorten in innerlijke taal zouden ook de gedragsregulatie bemoeilijken. In dit artikel bespreken we verschillende studies naar innerlijke taal. We beschrijven hoe innerlijke taal gemeten wordt en de uitkomsten van onderzoek naar innerlijke taal bij kinderen met en zonder TOS. Er is momenteel onvoldoende evidentie dat training gericht op innerlijke taal effectief is in de behandeling van kinderen met TOS