Repositorio Universidad Mayor
Not a member yet
7716 research outputs found
Sort by
Composición corporal y somatotipo de los atletas del Programa de Desarrollo de Talentos Deportivos Chilenos
No full textIntroduction: Determining the body composition and somatotype in sport talents provides a useful reference to improve the trajectory toward high-level competition. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the body composition and somatotype by discipline of children and adolescents of both genders in the sport talent development program at the Regional Training Center. Material and method: Seventy-two subjects participated (29 females, 15.9 ± 2.0 years; 43 males, 15.9 ± 2.3 years) from the disciplines of athletics, cycling, judo, karate, and table tennis. a) Baseline measurements: weight, height, and body mass index (BMI); b) Body masses by fractioning into five components (in %): muscle, fat, bone, residual and skin, using Kerr's method and c) Somatotype, according to the model proposed by Heath and Carter were performed. Results: Females have a higher percentage of fat mass than males. Exactly the opposite occurs with muscle mass, where males present a higher percentage than females, with the exception of table tennis. Regarding residual mass, males present higher values in all the disciplines. The males were classified as endo-mesomorphs, except for those in athletics, who were classified as ecto-mesomorphs, while the females from athletics and table tennis were classified as central, those from cycling and judo as endomorph-mesomorphs, and those from karate as meso-endomorphs. Conclusion: Through a two-dimensional contrast of the somatotype of CER athletes and that of adult athletes at the High Performance Center in Chile, it was determined that both groups are different, indicating that CER athletes do not yet meet the structural requirements necessary for a trajectory to high-level competition, suggesting that training modifications be considered to get closer to the ideal somatotype
Negative impact of covid-19 pandemic on outpatient mental health care in Coquimbo region, Chile
No full textIntroducción: La pandemia por COVID 19 ha tensionado los sistemas de salud en todo el mundo, al mismo tiempo ha generado un impacto negativo en la salud mental de la población. Los servicios de salud mental tienen el desafÃo de responder a las necesidades de salud mental de la población en contextos de emergencia sanitaria. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio, fue estimar y explicar el efecto que tuvo la pandemia COVID-19 en las atenciones de los servicios públicos ambulatorios de salud mental de la Región de Coquimbo, Chile, para lo cual se utilizó un método mixto secuencial (DEXPLIS). Material y métodos: En una primera etapa, se realizó un análisis de serie de tiempo ininterrumpidos en el periodo 2017-2021 de las atenciones de salud mental incluidas en el registro estadÃstico mensual (REM), con una disminución del 56% al año 2020 de las atenciones ambulatorias. Una segunda fase cualitativa, indagó y profundizó en los hallazgos a través de un análisis de contenido temático de las experiencias y percepciones recogidas a través de grupos focales de gestores, profesionales y representantes de la comunidad. Resultados y conclusiones: Se concluye que existió una disminución de las atenciones ambulatorias presenciales en la región de Coquimbo. Se sostiene que ante emergencias similares es fundamental la planificación con pertinencia territorial y enfoque comunitario
Factors associated with cognitive impairment in Latin American older adults: A cross-sectional observational study of COVID-19 confinement
No full textINTRODUCTION: The effects of COVID-19 confinement have been severe, especially in older adults. Therefore, we analyzed the factors associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in Latin America (LA). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study with a total of 5245 older adults from 10 countries in LA. Measurement: We used the Telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA) and the Eight-item Informant Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia (AD8) scale. RESULTS: We found that age, depressive symptomatology, bone fractures, being widowed, having a family member with dementia, and unemployment were associated with an increased risk of CI. In contrast, higher education, hypertension with continuous treatment, quarantine, and keeping stimulating cognitive and physical activities were associated with a lower probability of CI. No significant association was found between suffering from diabetes or being retired and CI. DISCUSSION: It is essential to conduct follow-up studies on these factors, considering their relationship with CI and the duration of confinement.Universidad de la Costa, Grant/Award Number: INV.140-01-003-15
Plastic behavior of a nanoporous high-entropy alloy under compression
No full textNanoporous High-entropy alloys (HEA) have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their remark-able mechanical properties and their capability as storage devices. However, chemical complexity involves fluctuations in the atomic environment, hindering the analysis of plasticity. Here, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of an equiatomic nanoporous single crystal FeCrNiCuCo HEA under compression to unveil the role of pores in the plastic behavior, including a random sample and a sample with short-range order. These results are compared to a nanoporous single crystal Average Atom (AA) sample with the same topology to assess the effect of chemical complexity. We find that the overall elastic and plastic regimes are similar in all samples, in contrast to previous reports for tensile tests. However, some differences can be distinguished between HEA samples and AA. Chemical complexity in the HEA favors dislocation nucleation and larger twinning activity, leading to a faster reduction of pores as reflected by the increase in relative density and decrease in surface-to-volume ratio. Following machine learning methods, linear vacancy clusters were found in all samples. These clusters exhibited a perfectly linear shape in AA and a less-defined shape in the HEA samples. Thus, our work provides new insights into the effect of chemical complexity and nanopores on the plasticity of HEAs under compression.OD, DT and EMB thanks support by PICTO-UM-2019-00048, PIP-2021-2023 11220200102578CO and SIIP-UNCUYO 06/M008-T1. Authors thanks the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT, Chile) under Grants #11200038 (NA) , #1190662 and #11190484 (FV) and #11180557 (RIG) . FV and RIG thank the Financiamiento Basal para Centros Cientificos y Tecnologicos de Excelencia AFB180001. This research was partially supported by the supercomputing infrastructure of the NLHPC (ECM-02) . This work used computational resources from CCAD - Universidad Nacional de Cordoba (https://ccad.unc.edu.ar/) , which are part of SNCAD - MinCyT, Republica Argentina
Fast simultaneous electrochemical detection of Bisphenol-A and Bisphenol-S in urban wastewater using a graphene oxide-iron nanoparticles hybrid sensor
No full textIn this work, a novel and sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed for the simultaneous determination of low concentration levels of Bisphenol-A (BPA) and Bisphenol-S (BPS) in a secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant and surface water. The sensor design involved the utilization of a glassy carbon electrode that was modified with hybrid iron nanoparticles and a nanostructure of graphene oxide. The synthesized material displayed a stable heterostructure, facilitating efficient electronic transfer and exhibiting impressive electro-catalytic capacity. Furthermore, the sensor successfully detected anodic signals of BPA and BPS with a peak separation of 0.28 V, confirming its excellent performance. For method optimization, a chemometric tool based on a Central Composite Face (CCF) design response surface was employed. The optimized conditions yielded an analytical curve with a linear range of 15.0 to 120.0 mu mol L-1 for BPA, represented by the equation Iap (mu A)=-0.088 + 0.044 (mu A L mu mol-1) [cBPA], and 20.0 to 70.0 mu mol L-1 for BPS, represented by the equation Iap (mu A)=-0.367 + 0.025 (mu A L mu mol-1) [cBPS]. The detection and quantification limits for BPA were established at 12.05 and 36.51 mu mol L-1, respectively. Similarly, for BPS, the corresponding values were determined to be 11.63 and 35.24 mu mol L-1. The electrochemical method developed was validated by comparing it with the high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) technique. Notably, the electrochemical method demonstrated to be successful in the simultaneous detection and quantification of BPA and BPS in a secondary effluent and surface water.The authors thanks FONDECYT N. 1220077, N. 1201978 and 11230166, DICYT Postdoctoral fellow N. 022142TN_POSTDOC, ANID-FONDECYT/Post-Doctoral Grant N. 3200063. R. Salazar-Gonzalez is grateful to FONDEQUIP EQM - 190016 and FONDAP SERC-Chile 1522A0006
Initial Teacher Training in Physical Education, paradigms of training from the perception of the trainer of trainers, ministerial guidelines and curricular networks: case study
No full textLa presente investigación presentó un análisis de elementos que norman e interactúan con la Formación Inicial Docente (FID) en PedagogÃa en Educación FÃsica (PEF) con el objetivo de conocer mediante un estudio de caso regional cómo se configuran los paradigmas de la FID en PEF considerando la percepción de formador de formadores, mallas curriculares y lineamientos ministeriales. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, el análisis de datos se realizó a través de teorÃa fundamentada con el apoyo del programa estadÃstico Atlas.ti. La recolección de información se efectuó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis de documentación ministerial formal vigente al 2021. Los resultados exponen los paradigmas que predemoninan desde la percepción de los formadores de formadores y las mallas curriculares analizadas (biológico-deportivo), mientras que los lineamientos ministeriales entregan una regulación a considerar relacionada con sistemas de aseguramiento de la calidad desde una mirada normativa. En conclusión, se aprecia una consistencia a nivel teórico en cuanto al cumplimiento de estándares solicitados, pero una inconsistencia entre la demanda actual y sentida de la FID en PEF
The integrated stress response is activated in the salivary glands of Sjogren's syndrome patients
No full textIntroductionPrimary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune exocrinopathy that affects the structure and function of salivary and lachrymal glands. Labial salivary gland (LSG) acinar cells from SS patients lose cellular homeostasis and experience endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. The integrated cellular stress response (ISR) is an adaptive pathway essential for restoring homeostasis against various stress-inducing factors, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, and endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. ISR activation leads eIF2 alpha phosphorylation, which transiently blocks protein synthesis while allowing the ATF4 expression, which induces a gene expression program that seeks to optimize cellular recovery. PKR, HRI, GCN2, and PERK are the four sentinel stress kinases that control eIF2 alpha phosphorylation. Dysregulation and chronic activation of ISR signaling have pathologic consequences associated with inflammation. MethodsHere, we analyzed the activation of the ISR in LSGs of SS-patients and non-SS sicca controls, determining the mRNA, protein, and phosphorylated-protein levels of key ISR components, as well as the expression of some of ATF4 targets. Moreover, we performed a qualitative characterization of the distribution of ISR components in LSGs from both groups and evaluated if their levels correlate with clinical parameters. ResultsWe observed that the four ISR sensors are expressed in LSGs of both groups. However, only PKR and PERK showed increased expression and/or activation in LSGs from SS-patients. eIF2 alpha and p-eIF2 alpha protein levels significantly increased in SS-patients; meanwhile components of the PP1c complex responsible for eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation decreased. ATF4 mRNA levels were decreased in LSGs from SS-patients along with hypermethylation of the ATF4 promoter. Despite low mRNA levels, SS-patients showed increased levels of ATF4 protein and ATF4-target genes involved in the antioxidant response. The acinar cells of SS-patients showed increased staining intensity for PKR, p-PKR, p-PERK, p-eIF2 alpha, ATF4, xCT, CHOP, and NRF2. Autoantibodies, focus score, and ESSDAI were correlated with p-PERK/PERK ratio and ATF4 protein levels. DiscussionIn summary, the results showed an increased ISR activation in LSGs of SS-patients. The increased protein levels of ATF4 and ATF4-target genes involved in the redox homeostasis could be part of a rescue response against the various stressful conditions to which the LSGs of SS-patients are subjected and promote cell survival
