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Development of craniometry-based predictive model to determine occlusal vertical dimension by using the eye-ear distance in a French population
No full textStatement of problem: Techniques for determining occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) have limitations, including the lack of reproducibility or invasiveness. Recently, a craniometry-based predictive model comparing OVD with eye-ear distance (EED) was developed in Chile. However, this study included a specific population and excluded patients with a history of orthodontics. For verification, studies on other populations are required. Purpose: The purpose of this clinical study was to follow the previously described protocol to obtain an equation for determining OVD in a French cohort (mostly White with an orthodontic history). Material and methods: Dentate adults with a stable occlusion and no known maxillofacial, otolaryngeal, or temporomandibular problems were included in this study. Demographic information, including participant age, sex, and history of orthodontic treatment, was collected. Facial height and width were measured with digital calipers, and the left EED and OVD were recorded with a craniometer. The facial index was calculated to classify participants into euryprosopic, mesoprosopic, or leptoprosopic types. Results: Of the 300 included participants (28 ±11 years), 60% were women, and 67% reported a history of orthodontic treatment. Euryprosopic represented 17% of participants, mesoprosopic 48%, and leptoposopic 35%. A positive correlation was found between the left EED and OVD in all facial types, but it was more important in women. The following equation was obtained: OVD=44.58+(0.45×left EED)+sex (women=-4.57; men=0)+facial type (leptoprosopic=0; mesoprosopic=-3.35; euryprosopic=-7.27). Conclusions: The occlusal vertical dimension is correlated with sex, left EED, and facial type. This straightforward method can be applied in conjunction with other techniques to determine the OVD in the French population
Profile and indicators of long-stay establishments for older adults in Chile
No full textAntecedentes y objetivo En este artÃculo sé buscó caracterizar los establecimientos de larga estancia para adultos mayores (ELEAM) de Chile, además de presentar los servicios ofrecidos en lo público y en lo privado. Material y métodos. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal descriptivo, a través de fuente de información secundaria. Analizamos todos los ELEAM del paÃs registrados en el Servicio Nacional del Adulto Mayor (SENAMA). Hasta noviembre de 2015 un total de 724 ELEAM estaban registrados y distribuidos en 169 comunas alrededor del paÃs, en los cuales estaban institucionalizados 16.985 adultos con edad a partir de los 60años. Resultados. La mayorÃa de los ELEAM (65,9% [n=344/724]) son privados. Entre ellos, el 47,5% (n=246/724) están localizados en la región metropolitana de Santiago. De la salud de los residentes, apenas el 26,5% son considerados autosuficientes funcionales, el 28,3% son deficientes fÃsicos y el 8,8%, deficientes psÃquicos. La mayorÃa de los establecimientos ofrecen actividades manuales, ejercicios fÃsicos, clases de memoria, clases culturales y paseos recreativos o turÃsticos. Proporcionalmente, la mayorÃa de las actividades ofrecidas eran privadas. Conclusiones. En Chile la mayor parte de los establecimientos son de carácter privado, ubicados en la región metropolitana, donde se encuentra un mayor déficit de oferta de este servicio, con una tasa de ocupación del 90,7%, siendo el 72,4% mujeres, y casi la mitad (47,7%) con alguna dependencia fÃsica o psÃquica
Neural crest E-cadherin loss drives cleft lip/palate by epigenetic modulation via pro-inflammatory gene-environment interaction
No full textGene-environment interactions are believed to play a role in multifactorial phenotypes, although poorly described mechanistically. Cleft lip/palate (CLP), the most common craniofacial malformation, has been associated with both genetic and environmental factors, with little gene-environment interaction experimentally demonstrated. Here, we study CLP families harbouring CDH1/E-Cadherin variants with incomplete penetrance and we explore the association of pro-inflammatory conditions to CLP. By studying neural crest (NC) from mouse, Xenopus and humans, we show that CLP can be explained by a 2-hit model, where NC migration is impaired by a combination of genetic (CDH1 loss-of-function) and environmental (pro-inflammatory activation) factors, leading to CLP. Finally, using in vivo targeted methylation assays, we demonstrate that CDH1 hypermethylation is the major target of the pro-inflammatory response, and a direct regulator of E-cadherin levels and NC migration. These results unveil a gene-environment interaction during craniofacial development and provide a 2-hit mechanism to explain cleft lip/palate aetiology. Cleft lip and palate is a common birth defect thought to involve both genetic and environmental components in its etiology. Here they identify a mechanism involving inflammation and E-cadherin mutations that reduces neural crest migration, leading to craniofacial defects.The authors thank CLP families involved in this study and Operation Smile Brazil. We thank Naila Lorenzo and Simone Ferreira for assistance in processing human samples. We thank Heloisa Bueno for assistance with mice. We thank Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano e Celulas-Tronco sequencing team for support in sequencing analysis. We are also very thankful to Jonas Hartmann and Adam Shellard for discussions and assistance with this manuscript. This study was supported by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (LA FAPESP, 2017/11430-7) and CEPID-FAPESP (MRPB 2013/08028-1). Work in RM's laboratory is supported by grants from the Medical Research Council (MR/S007792/1), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (M008517) and Wellcome Trust (102489/Z/13/Z)
Arterial Hypertension in Pediatrics. Role of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM)
No full textLa Hipertensión Arterial (HTA) es un factor de riesgo relevante de enfermedad cardiovascular. La prevalencia en pediatrÃa ha ido en aumento, asociado al incremento de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil, entre otros factores. Un diagnóstico adecuado e intervención precoz son determinantes en la prevención de daño de órgano blanco. La Academia Americana de PediatrÃa recomienda realizar Monitorización Ambulatoria de Presión Arterial (MAPA) en pacientes pediátricos con sospecha o factores de riesgo de HTA para confirmar el diagnóstico y dirigir el tratamiento. Las nuevas recomendaciones recientemente publicadas simplifican la interpretación; se elimina la sobrecarga como determinante para la clasificación, quedando sólo 4 categorÃas diagnósticas de presión arterial: Normo-tensión, Hipertensión de Delantal Blanco, Hipertensión Enmascarada e Hipertensión Ambulatoria. Asimismo, cambian los valores de corte en adolescentes ≥ 13 años, usándose los valores de referencia de MAPA para adultos recomendados por la American Heart Association en 2017. Ambos cambios aumentan la sensibilidad de este examen para la detección de repercusión sistémica. En este artÃculo se actualiza el estudio y diagnóstico de la HTA basado en las guÃas de Monitorización Ambulatoria de Presión Arterial chilenas para pacientes pediátricos, con el objetivo de unificar criterios diagnósticos, mejorar su difusión y ampliar su cobertura nacional. Además, se aporta una actualización en relación a las distintas categorÃas ambulatorias de presión arterial, al daño de órgano blanco y recomendaciones para el correcto uso de esta herramienta diagnóstica, incluyendo sugerencias de informe
Caracterización del Cabernet Sauvignon del Valle del Maipo (Chile) usando mediciones de fluorescencia
No full textVirus infection in Vitis vinifera negatively impacts vineyard production and grape quality. Examples are grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated viruses (GRSPaV). We investigated transient fluorescence of chlorophyll a in leaves of Cabernet Sauvignon, the primary red cultivar planted in Chile, using the OJIV test. First, we evaluated fluorescence in productive grapevines throughout their development, and then we analyzed the same parameters in plants infected with GLRaVs or GLRaVs+GRSPaV. We observed that throughout phenological development, as in the virus-affected clones, the kinetics of fluorescence emission decreased, particularly in values such as F-o and F-M, reflecting the limitation in electron donation by the oxygen-releasing complexes and changes in the PSII antenna complex. The parameter reflecting the most significant differences was the performance index (PIABS), whose value decreases throughout phenological development and is also lower in virus-affected plants compared to healthy plants. This decrease would indicate that PSII changes the conversion of light energy of chemical energy to heat dissipation, making PIABS an excellent parameter to evaluate the vitality of Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards.Project "Enological Evaluation of Cabernet Sauvignon Accessions and Mother Plants of Carmenere Accessions in a Clonal Selection Program" No 05CTE01-02, INNOVA CORFO: Consorcios Tecnologicos Empresariales
Probing radiation resistance in simulated metallic core-shell nanoparticles
No full textWe present molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of radiation damage in Fe nanoparticles (NP) and bimetallic FeCu core-shell nanoparticles (CSNP). The CSNP includes a perfect body-centered cubic (bcc) Fe core coated with a face-centered cubic (fcc) Cu shell. Irradiation with Fe Primary Knock-on Atoms (PKA) with energies between 1 and 7 keV leads to point defects, without clustering beyond divacancies and very few slightly larger vacancy clusters, and without interstitial clusters, unlike what happens in bulk at the same PKA energies. The Fe-Cu interface and shell can act as a defect sink, absorbing radiation-induced damage and, therefore, the final number of defects in the Fe core is significantly lower than in the Fe NP. In addition, the Cu shell substantially diminishes the number of sputtered Fe atoms, acting as a barrier for recoil ejection. Structurally, the Cu shell responds to the stress generated by the collision cascade by creating and destroying stacking faults across the shell width, which could also accommodate further irradiation defects. We compare our MD results to Monte Carlo Binary Collision Approximation (BCA) simulations using the SRIM code, for the irradiation of an amorphous 3-layer thin film with a thickness equal to the CSNP diameter. BCA does not include defect recombination, so the number of Frenkel pairs is significantly higher than in MD, as expected. Sputtering yield (Y) is underestimated by BCA, which is also expected since the simulation is for a thin film at normal incidence. We also compare MD defect production to bulk predictions of the analytic Athermal Recombination Corrected Displacements Per Atom (arc-dpa) model. The number of vacancies in the Fe core is only slightly lower than arc-dpa predictions, but the number of interstitials is reduced by about one order of magnitude compared to vacancies, at 5 keV. According to the radiation resistance found for FeCu CSNP in our simulations, this class of nanomaterial could be suitable for developing new radiation-resistant coatings, nanostructured components, and shields for use in extreme environments, for instance, in nuclear energy and astrophysical applications.We thank D. Schwen and X. Bai for kindly providing their interatomic potential tables. DT acknowledges support from DIUM. DT, OD, and EMB thank the support from SIIP-UNCUYO 06/M008-T1 and PICTO-UM-2019-00048. We used Serafin Cluster (CCAD-UNC) and Toko (UNCuyo) clusters, which are part of SNCAD-MinCyT, Argentina. RP acknowledges a scientific fund from Sistema Nacional de Investigacion de Panama (SNI) and SENACYT Projects: FID-2016-275 and EIE18-16. HPC-Cluster Iberogun Group gratefully acknowledges the support of NVIDIA Corporation with the donation of the Titan Xp GPU used for this research. FV a RIG thank Fondo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas (FONDECYT, Chile) under grants 1190662, 11190484, and 11180557. This research was partially supported by the supercomputing infrastructure of the NLHPC (ECM-02) . SEB, FV, RIG and JRN acknowledge the support from the Basal Program for Centers of Excellence, Grant AFB220001 CEDENNA, CONICYT. SEB and JRN acknowledge the support of VRIDEI POSTDOC-DICYT under project 042231BR-Postdoc. RCP acknowledges support from project PICT 2019-02912 ANPCyT
Wild Floral Visitors Are More Important Than Honeybees as Pollinators of Avocado Crops
No full textWild insects provide pollination services in agroecosystems. Avocado is an economically important crop grown in the Chilean Mediterranean climate region and exported worldwide. Avocado pollination is managed using honeybee hives, while the role of wild insects as pollinators remains poorly known. We quantified the relative contributions of wild floral visitors and honeybees to the fruit set of avocados in two contrasting seasons (2015 and 2016) in Central Chile. Observations were made in 60 trees grown nearby (similar to 300 m) to remnant patches of native sclerophyll vegetation. We found that honeybees and wild insects accounted for 48.6% and 51.4% of total floral visitation, respectively, with a 68% taxonomic similarity of floral visitors between seasons. The presence of honeybees significantly modulated the floral visitor composition and modified plant-pollination network parameters, which resulted in the biotic homogenization of the interaction network, through the increase of shared tree-floral visitor interactions, to the detriment of exclusive interactions. Finally, wild insects were more effective than honeybees in pollinating avocado trees and their contribution was greatest during the dry year. Thus, honeybees alone cannot be relied upon to deliver maximum pollination. We highlight ecological intensification practices to encourage wild insect visits and avoid native vegetation replacement with orchards. Therefore, we emphasize that future ecological intensification research should address agricultural practices to promote wild insects and evaluate the role of native vegetation as wild pollinator habitat in agricultural landscapes
Identification Of Grapevine Clones Via High Throughput Amplicon Sequencing: A Proof Of Concept Study
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