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Pubertal development at age 14 is associated with male adolescents' combustible cigarette smoking and dual use, but not with e-cigarette use - Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
No full textBackground: Adolescent nicotine exposure via electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is a global health concern. Pubertal development earlier than peers increases the risk of tobacco smoking compared to peers experiencing on-time or late maturation, yet relationships of pubertal timing with e-cigarettes are unknown. We examine whether early pubertal timing is associated with risk for e-cigarette use, tobacco cigarettes, or both by age 14. Methods: The Millennium Cohort Study follows a representative cohort of 18,552 9-month-old children born 2000-2002 in the United Kingdom. Our sample includes 11,445 adolescents (5697 boys, 5748 girls) classified at age 14 as early, on-time, or late in pubertal development timing (PDT) relative to same-age, same-sex peers using the Pubertal Development Scale. Outcomes were use of e-cigarettes, tobacco cigarettes, or both by age 14. We included childhood liability confounders and demographics measured from age 7-11. Results: For girls, no PDT differences in age 14 e-cigarette or tobacco cigarette use were observed. All relative to on-time PDT boys, early maturing boys' odds of tobacco cigarette use were 59% higher (OR=1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.08,2.35), and odds of dual-use were 49% higher (OR=1.49, CI=1.11,1.99), both compared to odds of never use. Among late PDT boys, dual-use odds were lower than never use by 35% (OR=0.65, CI=0.47,0.91) and lower than e-cigarette use only by 36% (OR=0.64, CI=0.42,0.97). Conclusions: At age 14, PDT was not associated with e-cigarette use for either sex, yet it was linked with tobacco use and dual use among boys.This research is based on analyses of data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), which receives core funding from the Economic and Social Research Council UK (ESRC) and a consortium of UK government departments. Work on this paper was supported by the Criminal Justice Research Center (CJRC) at the Pennsylvania State University and Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID) - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Policies (nDP) No NCS2021_003
Occurrence, source estimation, and risk assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in coastal seawaters from the Quintero Industrial Complex (Valparaiso, Chile)
No full textIn the 1960s, the Quintero industrial complex was inaugurated in Chile. This began a history of dramatic anthropo-genic impacts on the Chilean coast. Among the known, we could mention high atmospheric emissions of chemicals due to combustion processes and frequent oil spills. For this reason, we surveyed the concentrations of fifteen EPAPAHs in the surface coastal waters of the Quintero Bay area in 2015. The levels found are in the range of the highest levels when reviewing the literature (0.97 mu g L-1 up to 9.84 mu g L-1). The highest levels were found in the vicinity of the industrial complex and decreased in the other two zones. The concentration of individual compounds significantly ex-ceeds the levels recommended by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and the EU water framework directive (WFD). The risk estimations revealed that PAH concentrations represent high-risk for wildlife. Molecular ratios of PAHs were used to identify the possible sources, being these were mainly of pyrogenic origin, agreeing with an origin in the combustion of wood, coal, grass, and fossil fuels. This study contributes to the first data for surface water in a country's highly impacted industrial coastal area.Asociacion de Pescadores artesanales de Quintero-Ventanas,Maitencillo y Horcon"are acknowledged for their support during the sampling and their assistance in thefieldwork. CG-M is funded through the "Fondo de Innovacion para competitividad" from regional government of Valparaiso Grant N degrees 30397482-0;"Fondos Nacionales de Ciencia yTecnologia"provided the"Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo"(ANID) Grants N degrees 11150548, 1210946 and ACT-ANID-PIA-INACh-192057 and access provided to Laboratories of analytical chemistry at Institute for Environment, from Florida International University; TL acknowledges a PhD grant provided by the "Direccion de Investigacion y Doctorados" from the "Universidad Andres Bello." DP-V Acknowledges a post-doctoral grant from the "Fondos Nacionales de Ciencia y Tecnologia (ANID) grant N degrees 3210235; KP is funded through the "Fondos Nacionales de Ciencia y Tecnologia (ANID) grants N degrees 1161673 and 1211931, RECETOX RI (NoLM2018121 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001761)financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, and Operational Programme Research, Development and Innovation-project CETOCOEN EXCELLENCE(No CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_043/0009632) for supportive background. VG-A acknowledges a post-doctoral contract provided by the "Vicerrectoriade Investigacion" from "Universidad Mayor." Gustavo Chiang Ph.D. and Paulina Bahamonde Ph.D. are acknowledged by their comments provided during the elaboration of the present manuscript
Association of FANCM Mutations with Familial and Early-Onset Breast Cancer Risk in a South American Population
No full textBreast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide. BRCA1/2 are responsible for 16-20% of the risk for hereditary BC. Other susceptibility genes have been identified; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group M (FANCM) being one of these. Two variants in FANCM, rs144567652 and rs147021911, are associated with BC risk. These variants have been described in Finland, Italy, France, Spain, Germany, Australia, the United States, Sweden, Finnish, and the Netherlands, but not in the South American populations. Our study evaluated the association of the SNPs rs144567652 and rs147021911 with BC risk in non-carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations from a South American population. The SNPs were genotyped in 492 BRCA1/2-negative BC cases and 673 controls. Our data do not support an association between FANCM rs147021911 and rs144567652 SNPs and BC risk. Nevertheless, two BC cases, one with a family history of BC and the other with sporadic early-onset BC, were C/T heterozygotes for rs144567652. In conclusion, this is the first study related contribution of FANCM mutations and BC risk in a South American population. Nevertheless, more studies are necessary to evaluate if rs144567652 could be responsible for familial BC in BRCA1/2-negatives and for early-onset non-familial BC in Chilean BC cases
Nototribic Pollination Reduces Heterospecific Pollen Deposition And Dampens Its Negative Impact On Seed Production In <I>Calceolaria</I> Species
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Can Exercise Based Interventions Reverse Gray And White Matter Abnormalities In Patients With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain? A Systematic Review
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