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La representación del rol de la feminidad en los MAHOU SHOUJOS
No full textProyecto de tÃtulo para optar al grado de realizador en cine-animación.El Mahou Shoujo es un género de anime muy popular, especialmente en el público femenino, por mostrar a protagonistas fuertes con un gran sentido de justicia. Una de las más notables caracterÃsticas del género es la feminidad que envuelve tanto la personalidad de sus heroÃnas como a la misma narrativa en sÃ. Sin embargo, al investigar en los animes más actuales, se observa no sólo la reducción de estos aspectos femeninos, sino que también podemos concluir que las historias se cuentan cargadas de violencia y valores nocivos. En este ensayo se expone la importancia de las cualidades femeninas en el género del Mahou Shoujo y cómo la ausencia de estas afecta negativamente los ideales del género, provocando su baja popularidad. Para examinar esto, se utilizaron siete animes del género de distintos años, en los cuales primero se identificaron las caracterÃsticas que definen la fórmula de los Mahou Shoujos de manera general, para después llevar a cabo un análisis más especÃfico sobre las cualidades que comparten las protagonistas del género, las que posteriormente se comparan con animes con 20 años de diferencia y asà reflexionar acerca del impacto que este género provocó en el público
Animación tradicional y animación por CGI: El Rey León (1994) y The Lion King (2019)
No full textProyecto de tÃtulo para optar al grado de realizador en cine-animación.La técnica CGI/live-action ha estado presente en mayor medida durante las últimas dos décadas, enfocándose en el desarrollo e innovación de efectos visuales en las pelÃculas contemporáneas, además de su uso en series. Considerando lo anterior, decidimos desarrollar nuestra investigación enfocándonos en llevar a cabo una comparación y un análisis de los siguientes peliculas de animación: El Rey León (1994) y The Lion King (2019). Esta inquietud nos condujo a formular la siguiente pregunta de investigación, la cual funcionó como hilo conductor de nuestro ensayo: ¿Cómo afecta la utilización de diferentes estilos visuales la narrativa de las pelÃculas El Rey León y The Lion King? El objetivo de este ensayo es el de analizar la narrativa visual y reflexionar acerca de como esta influye en el modo en que la historia no es narrada. La investigación se centra en describir los métodos de animación utilizados en las dos versiones de la pelÃcula, buscando identificar los cambios atribuibles y no atribuibles a cada una de las técnicas utilizadas. En definitiva, el analisis de los diferentes estilos visuales utilizados en ambas pelÃculas nos permitio demostrar los diversos usos expresivos que se inscriben en cada una de las peliculas analizadas
FX especiales en la animación
No full textProyecto de tÃtulo para optar al grado de realizador en cine-animación.Las obras de animación destacan por su narrativa, arte y música, como también por sus efectos (FX), elemento que tiene como finalidad acompañar y alzar el propósito de una escena; con el objetivo de identificar dicho aporte y valor de un FX en una obra animada, primero se ejemplificaron sus orÃgenes, categorÃas, auges y caracterÃsticas. En segunda instancia se analizaron casos donde un FX aportó o creo una carencia de valor a su obra, pasando por obras orientales y de occidente, como de producciones que mezclan CGI y 2D. En tercer lugar, se presentará el impacto del estado de las técnicas de animación y composición en las últimas décadas para determinar las decisiones del uso de un FX. Finalizando con una reflexión sobre como tratar un FX para que aporte de manera positiva junto a la expectativa de las nuevas tecnologÃas en crecimiento
Differences in nutritional status, risk factors for metabolic syndrome, physical fitness and physical activity according to hours of weekly physical education practice
No full textProblem Statement: Schools have been called upon to promote healthy lifestyles. Physical education (PE) classes are the ideal instance to increase Physical Activity (PA). Purpose: To compare the nutritional status, the presence of risk factors for developing metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity, physical fitness and PA according to the number of PE scheduled hours (PESH). Method: The sample included 67 children aged 11±0.47 years, from schools with 2 PESH (n=28) and 4 PESH (n=39). A) Anthropometric evaluation was measured: body weight (kg), height (cm), body mass index, nutritional status, waist circumference, waist/height
ratio and percentage of body fat. b) Diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome: 7 ml of peripheral venous blood was drawn after 8 hours of fasting to measure plasma glucose, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and insulin, and blood pressure. c) Insulin sensitivity by HOMA-IR. d) Physical fitness: cardiorespiratory fitness estimation by VO2max and muscular fitness evaluated by hand strength, maximum lower extremity strength and abdominal strength resistance. e) PA and sedentarism. Statistical analysis: According to the normal distribution, the student's t test or Wilcoxon test was used. To compare the nutritional status, a test of proportions was used. The differences were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Analyzes performed by STATA 16.0. Results:
Children who perform 4 PESH have a lower BMIz-Score (p=0.0006), waist/height ratio (p=0.0003), waist circumference (p=0.0003) and skinfolds sum (p= 0.0018). Number of risk factors for developing metabolic syndrome (p=0.0007). Insulin sensitivity (p=0.0048), fasting glycemia (p<0.0001). Higher VO2max (p=0.0489), muscle strength expressed relative to body weight in the upper extremity (p=0.0118), in absolute lower extremity (p=0.0025) and relative to body weight (p=0, 0037), Abalakov jump (p=0.0017) and abdominal strength resistance (p<0.0001), steps (p=0.0489), Moderate PA (p=0.0159) and Moderate to Vigorous PA (p=0.0226) and they spend less time in sedentary behavior (p=0.0439). Conclusions: Boys and girls who participate in 4 PESH have a higher prevalence of normal weight, a better cardiovascular and metabolic health profile, a higher level of
physical fitness, and during the school day a higher PA and less time spent in sedentary behavior than those who participate in 2 PESH. Schools must increase PESH to protect the health of their students
The social function of folklore: criticism, research and cultural politics during Pablo Garrido's initial career (Chile, 1928-1944)
No full textSobre la base de diversos documentos resguardados por el Fondo Pablo Garrido –Centro de Documentación e Investigación Musical, Universidad de Chile–, ofrecemos un análisis contextual de los textos crÃticos e investigativos acerca de folclor del músico y musicólogo chileno Pablo Garrido Vargas y de sus respectivos planteamientos y acciones, en el plano polÃtico-cultural, entre 1928 –el comienzo de su carrera periodÃstica– y 1944 –cuando ingresó a la Dirección General de Información y Cultura, Ministerio del Interior de Chile–. Este artÃculo rastrea la noción de “función socialâ€� que Garrido aplicó al folclor musical, para ello abordamos su trayectoria inicial como crÃtico musical y periodista cultural, investigador y académico, músico –compositor e intérprete–, gestor, dirigente sindical y simpatizante del Frente Popular. Particularmente relevante nos parece una lectura de su conflictiva relación con la oficialidad musical de la Universidad de Chile –a cuyo propósito planteamos una hipótesis acerca del desarrollo del folclor a su alero–; una reseña general de sus posiciones polÃtica, social y estética y la exposición somera de la tesis afrocéntrica que elaboró en torno al origen de la cueca chilena
Clinical and pulmonary function analysis in long-COVID revealed that long-term pulmonary dysfunction is associated with vascular inflammation pathways and metabolic syndrome
No full textIntroduction: Long-term pulmonary dysfunction (L-TPD) is one of the most critical manifestations of long-COVID. This lung affection has been associated with disease severity during the acute phase and the presence of previous comorbidities, however, the clinical manifestations, the concomitant consequences and the molecular pathways supporting this clinical condition remain unknown. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize L-TPD in patients with long-COVID and elucidate the main pathways and long-term consequences attributed to this condition by analyzing clinical parameters and functional tests supported by machine learning and serum proteome profiling. Methods: Patients with L-TPD were classified according to the results of their computer-tomography (CT) scan and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide adjusted for hemoglobin (DLCOc) tests at 4 and 12-months post-infection. Results: Regarding the acute phase, our data showed that L-TPD was favored in elderly patients with hypertension or insulin resistance, supported by pathways associated with vascular inflammation and chemotaxis of phagocytes, according to computer proteomics. Then, at 4-months post-infection, clinical and functional tests revealed that L-TPD patients exhibited a restrictive lung condition, impaired aerobic capacity and reduced muscular strength. At this time point, high circulating levels of platelets and CXCL9, and an inhibited FCgamma-receptor-mediated-phagocytosis due to reduced FcγRIII (CD16) expression in CD14+ monocytes was observed in patients with L-TPD. Finally, 1-year post infection, patients with L-TPD worsened metabolic syndrome and augmented body mass index in comparison with other patient groups. Discussion: Overall, our data demonstrated that CT scan and DLCOc identified patients with L-TPD after COVID-19. This condition was associated with vascular inflammation and impair phagocytosis of virus-antibody immune complexes by reduced FcγRIII expression. In addition, we conclude that COVID-19 survivors required a personalized follow-up and adequate intervention to reduce long-term sequelae and the appearance of further metabolic diseases.The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The study was supported by the Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID) ANID/COVID1005 and ANID/ACT210085), Chilean Government. GL declares funding for research by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM, 254-FP-21). EN-L, SS, CC, RQ, and BA were funded by Fondecyt Regular 1211480 and COVID-19 Genomics Network (C19-GenoNet) ANID/ACT210085. Flow Cytometer was funded by EQM150061 (FONDEQUIP-ANID). UW was funded by Fondecyt Regular 1200459. DG-C has received financial support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Miguel Servet 2020: CP20/00041) co-funded by the European Union. CIBERES (CB07/06/2008) is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. MB and EN-L are funded by ANID/ATE220034. MH was supported by CLA-023023-2 FISAR
Study of the key biotic and abiotic parameters influencing ammonium removal from wastewaters by Fe3+-mediated anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Feammox)
No full textThe release of ammonia (as NH4+) into water bodies causes serious environmental problems. Therefore, the removal of ammonia from wastewater effluents has become a worldwide concern. New autotrophic biological alternatives for ammonia removal could reduce the limitations of conventional organic carbon-dependent nitrification-denitrification methods. Here, the potential of anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to Fe3+ reduction (a process known as Feammox) is studied in wastewater treatment plants of the yeast and beer production industry, not related to ammonium or iron treatment. This process is presented as a viable option to improve the efficiency of ammonia removal from wastewater. The results of this study show that enrichments under Feammox conditions achieved removals of 28.19–32.25% of the total NH4+. The highest rates of ammonium removal and Fe3+ reduction were achieved using FeCl3 as iron source and pH = 7.0. Different environmental conditions for the enrichments were studied and it was found that the use of sodium acetate as a carbon source and an incubation temperature of 35 °C presented higher rates of iron reduction and higher increase in nitrate concentration, related to ammonium oxidative processes. Likewise, the presence of relevant species of the iron and nitrogen cycles as Ferrovum myxofaciens, Geobacter spp, Shewanella spp, Albidiferax ferrireducens and Anammox was verified, supporting the findings of this study. These results provide information that may be relevant to the potential applicability of Feammox to treat wastewater with high ammonia load and could help develop cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods for ammonium removal in wastewater treatment plants
Academia de las ciencias sociales: Conversando sobre sus condiciones, producción y estrategias de sus participantes
No full textEl principal objetivo de este proyecto fue analizar las condiciones, prácticas y discursos feministas en el campo de las ciencias sociales en Chile. Esto, desde las experiencias de personas y comunidades que tienen históricamente posiciones subordinadas en la producción de conocimiento, tales como mujeres, disidentes y personas indÃgenas, desde una perspectiva de género.Este trabajo contó con financiamiento del Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión Social (COES), Proyecto FONDAP Nº 15130009, de la Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID), del Ministerio de Ciencias y TecnologÃa
Pembrolizumab (pembro) plus chemotherapy (chemo) as first-line therapy for advanced HER2-negative gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer: Phase III KEYNOTE-859 study
No full textPD-1 inhibitors in combination with chemo have shown efficacy in G/GEJ cancer. We present results of the double-blind, placebo-controlled KEYNOTE-859 study of pembro + fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemo for advanced HER2-negative G/GEJ cancer (NCT03675737).Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
Undurraga, Soledad
No full textBackgroundDespite representing the largest fraction of animal life, the number of insect species whose genome has been sequenced is barely in the hundreds. The order Dermaptera (the earwigs) suffers from a lack of genomic information despite its unique position as one of the basally derived insect groups and its importance in agroecosystems. As part of a national educational and outreach program in genomics, a plan was formulated to engage the participation of high school students in a genome sequencing project. Students from twelve schools across Chile were instructed to capture earwig specimens in their geographical area, to identify them and to provide material for genome sequencing to be carried out by themselves in their schools.ResultsThe school students collected specimens from two cosmopolitan earwig species: Euborellia annulipes (Fam. Anisolabididae) and Forficula auricularia (Fam. Forficulidae). Genomic DNA was extracted and, with the help of scientific teams that traveled to the schools, was sequenced using nanopore sequencers. The sequence data obtained for both species was assembled and annotated. We obtained genome sizes of 1.18 Gb (F. auricularia) and 0.94 Gb (E. annulipes) with the number of predicted protein coding genes being 31,800 and 40,000, respectively. Our analysis showed that we were able to capture a high percentage (>= 93%) of conserved proteins indicating genomes that are useful for comparative and functional analysis. We were also able to characterize structural elements such as repetitive sequences and non-coding RNA genes. Finally, functional categories of genes that are overrepresented in each species suggest important differences in the process underlying the formation of germ cells, and modes of reproduction between them, features that are one of the distinguishing biological properties that characterize these two distant families of Dermaptera.ConclusionsThis work represents an unprecedented instance where the scientific and lay community have come together to collaborate in a genome sequencing project. The versatility and accessibility of nanopore sequencers was key to the success of the initiative. We were able to obtain full genome sequences of two important and widely distributed species of insects which had not been analyzed at this level previously. The data made available by the project should illuminate future studies on the Dermaptera.ANID Beca Magister Nacional Folio 22200502; ANID-MILENIO- ICN2021_044; ANID-CONICYT-FONDECYT 11160777