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ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TO CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES IN IBADAN, NIGERIA
Get PDFClimate change presents significant threats to all facets of life. This paper analysed public knowledge and attitude to climate change issues in Ibadan metropolis. Data for the study was collected by administering questionnaire on 478 respondents randomly selected in seven LGA’s in the city. The results showed that the public had low level of knowledge on climate change. The level of public education was observed to be significantly related to the public knowledge of climate change. The study also showed that there is no significant relationship between knowledge of climate change and attitude to climate change. A positive relationship was however observed between knowledge of climate change and attitude to climate change
IMPACT OF SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT ON STUDENTS’ DROPOUT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThe study investigated the impact of school environment on students’ dropout in secondary schools in Rivers State, Nigeria. Three research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. The design adopted for the study was descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised 3,918 senior secondary school 2 students in Rivers State, from which 786 students were sampled through simple random sampling technique. The instrument for the study was a questionnaire, titled, “Influence of School Environment on Students Dropout Questionnaire (ISESDQ)”. The research questions were analyzed using mean ratings and standard deviation, while the hypothesis was analyzed using independent t-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the study revealed that school physical environment, school social environment and school academic environment, had impact on students’ dropout in secondary schools in Rivers State (with weighted means of: 2.98, 2.70 and 2.73 respectively). It was also found that students’ perception on the impact of school physical, social and academic environments on students’ dropout were not significantly dependent on students’ gender (t-values .025, .019, .795, and .347; and p-values .980, .985, .427, and .729 respectively). Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that the school physical environment in Rivers State should be improved by renovating and repainting old and dilapidated classroom buildings and adequate facilities provided to make the schools more attractive and conducive for learning. In addition, the social environment of the school should be free from abuse and violence. Finally, it was recommended that the school academic environment should be improved by monitoring teachers’ classroom management and Instructional delivery
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON JOB SECURITY AND LABOUR TURNOVER OF PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThe quality of any educational system depends greatly on the quality of its teachers. However, where jobs are threatened and teachers are uncertain of the future, then, this becomes worrisome. The present pandemic (coronavirus) that is rampaging has become a threat to human existence and most especially to the livelihood of private school teachers. The paper assessed the impact of covid-19 on job security and labour turnover of private school teachers in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study was guided by three research objectives while three null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance, descriptive survey research design method was adopted for the study. The population of the study was all private secondary school teachers in Lagos State and purposive sampling technique was used to draw the sample size of 100 respondents from the population. A four point Likert rating structured on-line questionnaire titled “Impact of Covid-19 on Job Security and Labour Turnover” (ICJSLT) was employed to gather data from the respondents. Least Square Regression test statistics was used to test the hypotheses. Results from the findings revealed that COVID 19-Induced Schools Closure has a negative and significant impact on job security in private secondary schools in Lagos State (t=8.129. p=0.000). The findings also revealed that COVID-19 Pandemic has positive and significant impact on employees’ turnover in private secondary schools in Lagos State (t=12.530. p=0.000). Furthermore, COVID-19-Induced social distancing was found insignificant in explaining the changes in job security among private secondary schools’ employees in Lagos State (t=-.473, p=0.637). The study recommended among others that privateschool owners should reassure their employees of their job security despite the pandemic, they should also endeavour to give their teachers palliatives while government should bail out private schools in order to cushion the negative effect of the pandemi
Growth Performance and Haematological Response of Oreochromis niloticus Fed Varying Inclusion Levels of Ocimum gratissimum as Additive
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This study was carried out to evaluate the use of Ocimum gratissimum leaves on the growth performance 3 and haematological parameters of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. Five tanks (21.5x14.5x9cm ) containing 10 Oreochromis niloticus juveniles were fed with five isonitrogenous diets (27.11% crude protein) containing varying inclusion of O. gratissimum (Control diet 0%, O. gratissimum T1=25%, T2=50%, T3= 75%, and T4= 100%). The fish were fed twice daily for an experimental period of 12 weeks. The fish in tank T3 (0.23inclusion of O. gratissimum) had the best weight gain 26.00±3.00g which ranges from 22.00±1.00 to 26.00±3.00g. The highest specific growth rate of 0.56±0.06 was recorded in tank T3with a range of 0.52±0.01 to 0.56±0.06. The highest food conversion ratio 1.25±0.09 was recorded in tank T1 (25%0.075 inclusion of O. gratissimum) with a range of 1.11±0.23to 1.25±0.09. The highest protein efficiency ratio 0.03±0.01was also recorded in T3 (0.23 inclusion ofO. gratissimum) with a range of 0.03±0.00 to 0.03±0.01. No mortality was recorded in all experimental tanks. The fish fed with O. gratissimum showed increase in haematological values of 4 2 Red blood cell (RBC), (0.02±0.00 10 µL), and White with blood cell (WBC), (15.25±0.007 10 µL) compared to the values of fish fed with control diet Red blood cell (RBC) was 0.01±0.00 and White 2 blood cell (WBC) was 12.65±0.07 10 µL. There was a reduction in the haematological value of the fish fed with O. gratissimum in Haemoblogin (HBG), (4.45±0.07 g/dL) compared to the value of fish fed with control feed Haemoblogin (HBG), (5.15±0.14 g/dL). The genotoxicity test that was carried out showed that the highest counts of micronucleus were present in tank T4 while the lowest counts of micronucleus were found in tank T0. A significant difference was recorded (p<0.05). It is concluded that using O. gratissimum leaves as feed for O. niloticus enhances the growth of the fish and has no negative impact on the health status of the fish. Therefore partial inclusion of 0.23kg of O. gratissimum to 100kg of fish feed should be encouraged because its contributed to the growth of fish and is of medicinal value
Histopathological Effects of 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate (DDVP) on Coptodon Zillii (GERVAIS, 1848) Juveniles
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Concerns have often been raised on the application of pesticides on croplands and the threats posed on aquatic organisms. These pesticides get to the aquatic system from runoff on croplands where there was excessive application This study was designed to investigate the lethal concentration of an agricultural pesticide; 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate (DDVP) on the physical and chemical properties of water as well as the liver, kidney and gills of Coptodon zillii juveniles. A total of 150 experimental fish (average length 6.2±0.32cm and weight 0.9±0.11g) were stocked in culture tanks (43cm x 30cm) of 10litres water capacity at the rate of 1fish/L. The bioassay media concentrations were 0mg/l (A), 0.33mg/l (B), 0.67mg/l (C), 1.0mg/l 6 6 5 (D) and 1.3mg/litre (E) and representing 0mg/l, 3.3 x 10- mg/l, 6.7 x 10- mg/l, 1.0 x 10- mg/l and 5 1.3 x 10- mg/l of active ingredient Dichlorvos DDVP (1000g/L) EC respectively in three replicates of a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experimental setup. Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were measured before and after inclusion of the pesticide. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in mean concentration of DO and COD. The experimental fish exhibited restlessness and uncoordinated movement. These behavioural characteristics increased with increased concentration of DDVP and time of exposure. The LC for C. zilli juveniles after 96hours exposure was 0.39mg/l. Histological 50 photomicrograph showed areas of lesions, necrosis, inflammatory bodies and malignancy in the gills, liver, kidney and muscle of the exposed experimental fish while the control was normal. The result indicated that DDVP is highly toxic to C. zilli and must be applied at recommended dosages for sustainability of the living communities and the general ecosystem
Determinants of Output of Small Scale Fish Farmers in Ikorodu, Nigeri
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Aquaculture has been identified as the major mean of balancing the huge import deficit resulting from the need to meet national fish protein consumption requirements and reducing pressure on already over fished captured environment. The growth in Nigeria aquaculture is however far less than the expected potential. Therefore, to properly understand the factor impinging on the aquaculture growth dynamics in Nigeria various factors influencing aquaculture outputs need to be well studied. This paper, investigated the determinants of output of small-scale fish farmers in Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State. Ikorodu Local Government was purposively selected because of the presence of fish farming estate hosting 250 fish farmers which serves as the sampling frame. From the 250 fish farmers, 101 fish farms where randomly selected using structured questionnaire and scheduled interviews. Data obtained from the respondents include socioeconomic characteristics, type and quantity of fish stocked, quantity harvested and sold, cost of production, profit realized among others. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis, Gini Coefficient and production function analysis. Majority of the fish farmers are male (65.3%), married (54.5%) and have tertiary education (69.3%). The mean age, household size, pond size, years of farming experience are 36.44±10.28 years, 4.03±1.98, 39.78±0.98ha and 2.67±2.13years, respectively. There is wide variation as measured by Gini Coefficient in the output of fish farmers with about 88.5% disparity in their output. Mean profit made per fish sold in the study area is N186.24*. Factors that positively determine the output of fish farmers are quantity of feed used (p-value 0.001), number of fingerlings stocked (p-value 0.005), years of experience in fish farming (p-value 0.001) and volume of credit obtained (p-value 0.001) Fish farming, in the study area is a profitable business with varying degree of output. In order to improve the output of fish farmers, government and relevant stakeholders in the aquaculture sub-sector should ensure that fish farmers do not only have access to credit facilities but in required amount. In addition, feed is an important determinant of output of fish production, therefore fish feed of high quality should be made available and affordable to fish farmer
Utilisation of A Poultry Wastes Meal as A Replacement for Fishmeal in Diets of Clarias gariepinus
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With increasing production from Nigeria's animal production sector and the attendant increased turnover in wastes generation from processing plants, there is the need to for effective utilization of wastes for a meal in animal production. The effect of replacing fishmeal with a newly available commercial poultry waste meal (PWM) in the diets of Clarias gariepinus was investigated. The proximate composition of PWM was determined using standard procedures. Five isonitrogenous diets (40% Crude protein) were produced using PWM to replace fishmeal at 0% (PW1), 25% (PW2), 50% (PW3), 75% (PW4) and 100% (PW5) levels. Diets were fed for 70 days at 3% body weight daily in two installments, to three hundred C. gariepinus(8.50±0.01g) randomly distributed into 15 plastic aquaria at 20 fish per 30L of water. Mean weight gain (MWG), Average daily weight gain (ADWG), Feed conversion ratio (FCR), Specific growth rate (SGR), Profit index (PI) and Incidence of cost (IC) were determined. Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), Red Blood Cell counts (RBC) were measured. MWG, ADWG, Feed intake, FCR and SGR showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in PW1, PW2, PW3 and PW4. Fish survival ranged from 77.77% in PW5 to 95.55% in PW3. Although PI and IC did not vary significantly in all treatments, PW4 recorded the highest PI (3.54) and least IC (0.26) values. PCV and Hb ranges between 22 to -1 28.01% and 4.34 to 5.62 g/dL respectively. RBC and WBC were significantly higher (p<0.05) in PW4 and PW5 groups, while values for platelets did not show any significant variation (p>0.05) across treatments. Results of the polynomial regression reveal that the poultry waste meal can successfully replace 56% of fishmeal in the diet of C. gariepinus juveniles when growth is considered
Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilization of African Catfish Fed Yeast Fermented Shrimp Head Meal in Replacement for Fish Meal
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Yeast fermented shrimp head meal was used to replace the more expensive fish meal (FM) to reduce costs of production and improve the profit margin. Shrimp head waste was fermented with yeast for 24 hours and used to replace FM at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% making up five treatments The diets were fed to fingerlings of C. gariepinus (5.61±0.04g) to apparent satiation for 70 days. The results showed that the growth performance of fish fed diet of 100% fish meal and the groups fed diets containing 10%, 20%, 30% fermented shrimp head waste meal was not statistically significant (P>0.05) with 30% replacement level having the best performance. The growth performance showed a declining trend with the fish fed diet containing 40% of the shrimp head meal. However, replacement of fish meal with the shrimp head waste meal did not affect the blood profile (P>0.05) of the fish. Differences in the carcass amino acid levels were marginal indicating that physiological functions might not have been compromised. In conclusion, yeast fermented shrimp head meal can replace up to 30% of FM in the diets of African catfish while the optimal level of replacement is 20% as indicated by the regression analysis
Bacteriological Examination of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Makoko Market in Lagos, Nigeria
Get PDFAbstract Bacteriological examination was conducted on forty fresh tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)selected randomly from a market in Lagos using standard microbiological methods.The fish was carefully weighed and measured.Of the 40 fish, 16 ( 40%)weighed between 51and100 g, 12 (30%)weighed between 201and 250 g, while 4 (10%) weighed 1-50 g, 101-150 and 201-250 g respectively. Twenty(50%)ofthefishhadlengthsrangingfrom11-15cm,12(30%)within21-25cmand8(20%) within 16-20 cm length while none of the fish was less than 10 cm in length.A total of 188 isolates which belong to seven different bacterial species were recovered from the gills and intestines of the tilapia. Escherichia coli constituted 48 (25.5%), Proteusspp., 36 (19.2%), Klebsiella spp., 32 (17%), Pseudomonas spp., 20 (10.6%), Enterobacter spp., 18(9.6%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CONS) 18 (9.6%), while Staphylococcus aureus 16 (8.5%) was the least.The bacterial isolates were evenly distributed in the gills 92 (48.9%) and intestines, 96 (51.1%). Similar bacteria were isolated from the gills and intestines of the fish. The bacteria showed high susceptibility to all the antibiotics tested, thus are not likely to pose a public health threa
Schistosoma haematobium among Pupils in Yewa North, Southwestern Nigeria: Assessment of Two Consecutive Praziquantel Treatments with 180 Days Interval
Get PDFPraziquantel is among the drug of choice for the effective treatment of Schistosoma haematobium infection for 30 years. Early and regular administration of this drug for optimal control and reduction of long – term consequences of morbidity is currently being advocated. The effect of treatment and retreatment with Praziquantel among pupils in S. haematobium endemic communities of Yewa North of Ogun State, Nigeria was evaluated. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 734 pupils (aged 3-17 years) between September 2011 and June 2012. Urine samples were examined microscopically for S. haematobium eggs. Infected pupils were treated with single dose praziquantel. Re-examination of pupils was carried out 8 weeks post treatment. Pupils in Government primary school were treated twice with 180 days interval. Data were analysed using Chi-Square and MANOVA for significant variations in prevalence. Pretreatment prevalence was 30.11% while prevalence after treatment was 9.05 % with a reduction rate of 69.90%. Post treatment prevalence of 10.7% in males and 7.3% in females were not significantly different (?2 =1.5885, P>0.05). Pretreatment total mean egg count was 102.5?17.4 eggs /10ml of urine, with a 91.24% egg reduction rate and parasitological cure rate of 90.95%. Egg reduction and cure rates of 100% each were observed after the second treatment in Yewa North Local Government Primary School. Repeated treatment with 6 months interval suggests the possibility of elimination of schistosome egg burden