University of Ibadan Journals
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PROFILE OF HOUSEHOLD EDUCATION EXPENDITURE ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study investigated household education expenditure on Senior Secondary School (SSS) students in Osun State, Nigeria. The descriptive research design was adopted. Four local government areas (LGAs), representing 40%, were randomly selected from each of the three senatorial districts in the state. There were 142 public senior secondary schools in the 12 sampled LGAs. Forty per cent of the schools were randomly selected per LGA, totaling 56. Forty percent of SSS III students were randomly selected per school, totaling 3,304. The instrument titled: “Household Education Expenditure Scale” (r=0.97), used for the study was filled by parents of sampled students. Two research questions were answered. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. From the results, 91.6%, 85.6%, 91.2% and 70.82% of the households spent part of their income on students’ textbooks, transportation, food and extra lessons, respectively despite the free education programme of the state government. The study concluded that free education in Osun State is not totally free for households. Household education expenditure is a determinant of students’ participation in secondary education in the state. Free education should focus more on alleviating households’ burdens by providing students with textbooks, transport, feeding at school and quality of instruction. Households in the state should be empowered economically to be able to take good care of their children
Prediction of Students’ Performance Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
No full textAbstractPoor performance of students in institutions of higher learning is a great concern for both parents and educators. Performance is a product of factors that are both institutional, personal, and familial. Institutional factors such as facilities provided for learning, class population, lecturer availability, and others can affect students' performance. Also, personal characteristics such as students’ health index, attendance in class, and extracurricular activities can contribute to students' performance. Familial factors include family stress, parents’ educational level, and students' proper guidance from home. In this research work, home, school, and personal factors are collected from students, which forms the dataset. Cronbach's alpha was used to test for the reliability of the data. The data serves as input to an Artificial Neural Network classifier which has five (5) input layer nodes, two (2) hidden layer nodes, with one hundred (100) nodes each and eight (8) output layer nodes. The model was developed with Python programming libraries of Keras and TensorFlow, and optimized usingstochastic gradient descent optimizer. The training and testing were done with two hundred (200) epochs of learning with ten batches of data extracted from the dataset. The data was split in a ratio of 70% for training and 30% for testing. The model accuracy was 0.9193, representing 91.93%
Prediction of the Effectiveness of Government Measures towards Covid-19 Using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
Get PDFAbstractSeveral millions of people around the globe have been affected by the emergency of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This menace has caused a geometrical mortality rate and stressed medical facilities in many counties. The lack of immediate treatment for the disease propelled the government of various countries to put in place some control measures to contain the rapid spread of the disease. Some of the measures taken include: staying at home orders, restricting movements, closing schools and workplaces, etc. This paper aims at determining the efficacy of these measures towards the containment of Covid-19. The Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) dataset was used for this research. The data sets consist of daily entries of covid-19 cases in countries and various governments' active Covid-19 control measures/policies. Each policy indicator is given an ordinal score to denote its stringency. The data were analysed to gain insight into feature relationships and trends. Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) was used to select four features that contributed the most to the response variable. The training was carried out on 80% of the dataset using the python scikit-learn implementation of the Linear Regression algorithm, while testing was carried out on the remaining 20%. The model was trained on two features: The Containment Health Index which aggregates the other features, and the total number of Covid-19 cases. It achieved a coefficient of determination (r-squared) score of 0.09
PRINCIPALS’ PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES AS PREDICTORS OF JOB PERFORMANCE OF TEACHERS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS, IN SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study focused on Principal professional competencies as predictors of job performance of teachers. Two research questions were raised and four hypotheses were formulated to find out the level of principals’ competencies on human and materials resource management The researcher reviewed relevant literature to establish the theoretical bases for the study. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Through multistage sampling procedure (simple, purposive and disproportionate random sampling techniques), four states in the southwest geo-political zone of Nigeria were selected for the study. One thousand two hundred (1,200) respondents comprising of 816 teachers, 384 principals were selected as sample. The research instrument used for data collection was an adapted questionnaire titled: Principal Professional Competencies on Human Resource Management Scale (PPCHRMS) and Principal Professional Competencies on Material Resource Management scale (PPCMRMS). The instruments were subjected to face and content validity and Cronbach Alpha reliability estimates of .858, and .842 obtained. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation for the stated research questions. Regression and t-test statistics were used for the stated hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. The mean difference in the opinion of the principals and teachers regarding human resource were higher for principals (M= 2590.76, SD= 244.459) than teachers (M=2590.459, SD= 237.300), t(1198)=.035,p>.05. Levene’s test indicated equal variance assumed (F=1.059, p=.304). Also, the mean difference in the opinion of the principals and teachers regarding material resource were lower for principals (M= 1848.23, SD= 1277.304) than teachers (M=1951.28, SD= 1246.818), t(1198)=1.325,p>.05. Levene’s test indicated equal variance assumed (F=3.423, p=.065). Hence, the major finding of the research indicated that the principal professional competencies showed high level of professionalism in human and material resource management and were significant to teachers’ job performance. Recommendations were made such that principals should ensure planning and distribution of human and material resources are available in the school before resumption and that teachers should be shouldered with some responsibilities in the schools
EVALUATION OF IMPACT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ON REDUCTION OF UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG COLLEGE GRADUATES
Get PDFThe paper evaluated the impact of sustainable development programme on reduction of unemployment among college graduates. The study adopted descriptive survey research design and multi-stage sampling techniques to select one hundred (100) college graduate students and one hundred (100) college lecturers in the South West Nigeria. Questionnaire on College graduates and lecturers on the impact of sustainable development programme on reduction of unemployment among college graduates was developed and used by the researchers to collect data from the respondents. In analyzing the data collected, frequency counts, simple percentage, Pearson’s product moment correlation formula and t-test were used at 0.05 level of significance and the finding on the study revealed that there was significant impact of sustainable development programme in eradicating social ills caused by unemployment. The results further indicated that male and female college graduates and lecturers perceived the impact of sustainable development programme. In eradicating social ills caused by unemployment among college graduates. Based on the findings it was recommended among others that Nigeria college education focus more on the practical aspect of sustainable development programme with adequate materials and equipment where the college undergraduates would be taught how to use and manipulate equipment effectively so as to be able to put what they were taught in schools into practice after graduation. Government should give access to credit facilities and other support mechanism to college graduates to fully develop and utilize their skills
Evaluation of Three Prediction Models for Identification of At-Risk First-Year Students
Get PDFAbstractEducation is a tool and means of achieving life goals that requires knowledge acquisition through diligence, practice and demonstration. Tertiary institutions adopt many techniques to educate students thus the success rates differ. Some students perform better when visual, textual or auditory based methods are used for teaching. Private tertiary institutions with limited student population are interested in retaining existing students’ and not expelling them. Additional services such as guidance, counselling and mentoring have been introduced to reduce failure rates. These additional services are only useful if the weak students are identified early. In this work, data about first-year students in Computer Science was used to predict their academic performance and identify the students at-risk of failure in the first year. Naïve Bayes Algorithm, Decision Tree Algorithm and Support Vector Machine Algorithm were used to develop the predictive models. The results of the models demonstrated a prediction accuracy of 100%, a 0% classification error and a runtime of 505 milliseconds for the best model. Early identification of weak students will enable appropriate help to be activated for such students early in their academic life
SCHOOL BASED MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE (SBMC) AND MANAGEMENT OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between School Based Management Committee (SBMC) and the management of junior secondary schools in Abuja. Two objectives with corresponding two research questions and hypotheses were generated to guide the study. The study was guided by cross-sectional survey research design. The population of the study consisted of 5193 teachers. The systematic sampling technique was employed to select the sample of 357 respondents. The instrument used for data collection was the ‘Teachers Questionnaire on School Based Management Committee and School Management (TQSBMSM). The questionnaire consisted of 12 items and the instrument yielded 0.79 as the logical validity index while 0.80 was obtained as the coefficient of internal consistency after pilot testing the instrument. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions and Pearson Product Moment Correlation was employed to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that there was no significant relationship between SBMC participation in the planning and management of junior secondary schools in Abuja (r-cal of 0.060<r-table of 0.194) and there was a significant relationship between SBMC participation in funding and management of junior secondary schools in Abuja (r-cal of 0.070<r-table of 0.194). The study recommended that all principals and other management staff of junior secondary schools in Abuja should sensitize the SBMC members to make financial contributions towards the smooth operation and general management of the school system
INFLUENCE OF LOCATION AND STRUCTURAL INFRASTUCTURE ON PATRONAGE OF FITNESS CENTRES AMONG RESIDENTS OF LAGOS ISLAND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Get PDFThis study investigated the influence of location and structural infrastructure on patronage of fitness centres by residents of Lagos Island Local Government in Lagos state. A survey research method was adopted for this study. Two (2) research questions were raised and hypotheses formulated for the study. A self-developed questionnaire titled Influence of Location and Infrastructure Questionnaire (ILIQ) was used as research instrument for the study. Two hundred respondents were purposive sampled from the residents of Lagos Island Local Government in Lagos State. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentage for demographic variables of respondents, while inferential statistics of Chi-square was used to test each of the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that location and level of structural infrastructure of the fitness centres significantly influenced the usage of fitness centres by the residents of Lagos Island Local Government. This study recommended that the location of fitness centres should be accessible to people and well spacious to accommodate various physical activities, structural infrastructure should be put in place in order for fitness centres to look attractive
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHER ATTRITION RATES AND PUPILS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN IJEBU NORTH-EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE
Get PDFThis study examined the relationship between teachers’ attrition and pupils’ academic performance. A descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The population for the study comprised eight hundred and one (801) pupils in thirty-four (34) public primary schools in Ijebu North-East Local Government. A sample of 200 Basic 6 pupils from 10 public primary schools were selected using simple random sampling technique. Two research instruments were used for data collection, namely: ‘‘Teacher Attrition Rates Questionnaire (TARQ) and Pupils’ Academic Performance Tests (PAT).” The reliability coefficients of the instruments were conducted using test-retest reliability method. The coefficient was .70 for Teacher Attrition Rates Questionnaire (TARQ) .81 for English Studies Performance Test, .84 for Mathematics Performance Test. Data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, charts, means, and standard deviations. The hypothesis was tested using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) at 0.05 alpha level. Results revealed that the total average attrition rates recorded for primary school teachers was high, around 39%. There was significant negative relationship between teachers’ attrition and pupils’ academic performance (r= -0.53; p types of support, including high quality mentoring, common planning time, and continuous support from school leaders
COMMITTEE SYSTEM AND SECONDARY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATIVE EFFECTIVENESS IN IBADAN METROPOLIS, OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study examined committee system and secondary school administrative effectiveness in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo state, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design, while the research instrument for the study was a self-designed questionnaire titled “Committee System and Secondary School Administrative Effectiveness Questionnaire (CSSSAEQ)”. The population for the study comprised of all the teachers and principals of senior secondary schools in Ibadan metropolis. The sample size for this study comprised of 490 respondents. Multistage sampling procedure was used for this study. Three hypotheses were formulated to guide this study and tested using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC) and Regression analysis at 0.05. The study found that there was significant relationship between committee system (instructional supervision committee, disciplinary committee, examination committee and staff welfare committee) and secondary school administrative effectiveness (0.396; 0.454; 0.218; 0.183; P<0.05), all the variables (instructional supervision committee, disciplinary committee, examination committee and staff welfare committee) made a significant contribution to secondary school administrative effectiveness, but instructional supervision was a potential predictor of secondary school administrative effectiveness (0.344, P<0.05). There was also significant joint contribution of committee system (instructional supervision committee, disciplinary committee, examination committee and staff welfare committee) to secondary school administrative effectiveness (0.510, P<0.05) in Ibadan metropolis. Based on the findings and conclusion, recommendations were made, one of which was that different types of existing committees in secondary schools should be accepted and implemented to boost the confidence of members of the committees in><0.05) in Ibadan metropolis. Based on the findings and conclusion, recommendations were made, one of which was that different types of existing committees in secondary schools should be accepted and implemented to boost the confidence of members of the committees in the system and to enhance secondary school administrative effectiveness