University of Ibadan Journals
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Fire Safety Implications of Non-Compliance with Space Standards in Urban Communities
Full text linkSpace standards and safety codes are stipulated to ensure that physical developments are resilient against environmental hazards like building fires; however, the effectiveness of these planning regulations hinges on strict compliance. Anchored in the theoretical frameworks of urban governance and disaster risk reduction, this study assesses the compliance of urban buildings with space standards relevant to fire safety in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design, collecting data via structured observation checklists from 1,803 buildings selected through multistage systematic random sampling across 88 non-overlapping communities in eleven Local Government Areas (LGAs). Results indicate a critical deficit inregulatory adherence regarding minimum “building space,” maximum “plot coverage,” and minimum “road setback”. The mean observed building separation was just 3.35m (±2.47m), creating a high risk for rapid fire propagation. Spatial analysis revealed that plot coverage was significantly higher in the high-density inner city (74.79%) compared to the outer city (70.72%). Conversely, the mean road setback was significantly higher in the inner city (7.5m) than in the outer city (5.4m). Furthermore, compliancevaried by land use; public (68.5%) and industrial (66.7%) facilities demonstrated higher adherence due to stricter institutional monitoring, whereas residential and commercial sectors largely failed to meet safety criteria. The study concludes that the prevailing disregard for space standards constitutes a "dynamic pressure" that engenders unsafe conditions, impeding emergency response and increasing community vulnerability. Consequently, the research advocates for a paradigm shift from top-down regulatory enforcement to participatory urban governance that integrates community-based risk awareness and inclusive disaster mitigation planning
Interoperability Solution for Internet of Medical Things in Telemedicine
Full text linkRestricted interoperability among heterogeneous Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices and telemedicine platforms brought immense integration challenges. In addressing this, an API-centric solution was built on RESTful services over .NET Core, complemented by a cross-platform mobile app developed using .NET MAUI. The system facilitated standardized data exchange, end-to-end encryption, and real-time cloud syncing. Synthetic patient dataset-based performance evaluation indicated lesser latency, reduced data loss, and improved scalability in comparison to traditional integration models. The framework provides a modular, extensible approach to seamless IoMT integration in resource-limited environments with future applications potentially including AI-augmented decision support and EHR system integration. Pent provides improvements in response time, data loss reduction, and increased scalability over conventional integration approaches. The proposed solution provides a practical, modular, and scalable method for interoperability in IoMT seamless telemedicine enabling more timely and efficient care through healthcare systems, particularly in resource-limited settings. Future possible extensions would be AI-based decision-making support and EHR system integration at a greater scale. The performance was evaluated by using simulated patient data, taking into account throughput, latency, error rate, and efficiency of integration in devices. Results were remarkable
Design and Implementation of a Blockchain-Based Certificate Verification System for Secure Academic Credential Authentication
Full text linkCertificate forgery is a pervasive issue in Nigeria’s educational system, undermining trust in academic credentials and causing delays in verification processes. Traditional paper-based systems are inefficient, costly, and susceptible to tampering. This study presents a blockchain-based certificate verification system that leverages Ethereum smart contracts, InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for decentralized storage, and PostgreSQL for off-chain metadata management to provide a secure, tamper-proof, and real-time verification platform. The system, implemented using React.js for the frontend, Node.js for the backend, and Solidity for smart contracts, enables institutions to issue digital certificates with embedded QR codes and allows instant verification by employers and other stakeholders. Testing on the Ethereum testnet demonstrated 98% accuracy in detecting forged certificates, with verification times under 2 seconds. The system enhances transparency, reduces administrative overhead, and aligns with Nigeria’s push for technological innovation in education. Challenges such as Ethereum gas fees and institutional adoption are discussed, with recommendations for scalability and mobile support
Design Cycle Methodology for Developing AI Microservices Frameworks: A Case Study
Full text linkThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and microservices is increasingly recognised as a pathway to building scalable, reusable intelligent systems. Yet much of the existing work remains implementation-driven, with limited methodological grounding, which restricts reproducibility and generalisability. This paper presents a case study applying the Design Cycle Methodology (DCM) to the systematic development of an ontology driven AI microservice framework, the AI Microservice Agent. The study addressed four research questions: whether semantic registration improves service discovery efficiency, how it supports scalability under load, what computational trade-offs are introduced, and how well the approach generalises across domains. A proof of-concept text classification microservice was semantically described using OWL service descriptors and retrieved via SPARQL queries, illustrating the operational role of semantic registration. Comparative experiments against a monolithic system demonstrated a reduction of up to 35% in discovery latency, stable throughput under increasing client requests, and robustness under failure conditions with only minor reasoning overhead. Cross-domain validation with text and image services achieved 100% successful integration, confirming generalisability. To our knowledge, this is the first study to embed AI microservice development within DCM, providing methodological traceability between objectives, design stages, and empirical findings. By releasing ontology files, service descriptors, and containerisation artefacts, the work contributes a reproducible framework that advances discovery efficiency, scalability, and adaptability in AI microservices research
The Influence of Socioeconomic Characteristics on Residents Practicing Sack Farming in Ibadan, Nigeria
Full text linkGlobal food security progress has declined, with one in nine people worldwide suffering from hunger. Increased agricultural productivity, particularly through innovative practices like Sack Farming Practices (SFPs), is crucial in addressing this challenge, especially in Nigeria. This study assesses the influence of socioeconomic characteristics on residents practicing sack farming (RPSF) in Ibadan. The cross-sectional survey design and mixed methods were adopted to select 1,288 respondents for the study. Three residential (high, medium, and low) areas were calibrated based on their densities, while RPSF were proportionally allotted to high (182), medium (708), and low (398) residential areas. Results revealed that majority of the respondents benefited from sack farming with an efficient use of space (High 6.4%, Medium 18.5% and Low 11.6%), increase in crop yields (High 3.7%, Medium 8.3% and Low 8.5%) and soil erosion reduction (High 0.0%, Medium 14.6% and Low 4.0%). Findings on age reveals that 31-40 respondents bracket shows the highest engagement (31.3%), with decreasing observation in younger and older groups, Chi-Square results (?²=41.791, p=0.003) confirm significant variation, with Phi value (0.180, p=0.003) denoting moderate association while gender status reveals that males (34.5%) indicate lower representation compared to females (65.5%). Inferentially, the Pearson Chi-Square results (?²=8.035, p=0.090) and Phi value (0.079, p=0.090) suggest no statistically significant gender-based difference in sack farming engagement levels. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that residents’ socioeconomic characteristics play a crucial role in shaping their involvement in sack farming practices as a form of urban agriculture, which is a solution to address food insecurity in Ibadan
Occurrence of Myxosporidia of the Genus Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882 in the Gills and Intestines of Mugilidae Species from Lake Nokoue (Republic of Benin) and Lagos Lagoon (Nigeria)
No full textThe mullets (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) have a worldwide distribution and inhabit tropical and temperate waters. Parasitic diseases of fish are very common all over the world. The mullet parasites studies about myxosporeans infecting worldwide mullets were considerably widened However, there have been reports of myxosporidea in different fish species there has not been much work done about Myxobolus spp in mullet, hence the study of myxosporea represents an important group of parasites infecting worldwide mullets. This study aims to examine the prevalence of Myxosporidia (Myxobolusmyxosporeangills and intestines of two Mugilidae (Mugil Cephalus and Liza Falcipinnis) from Lake Nokoue (Republic of Benin) and Lagos Lagoon (Nigeria). Three stations were selected for study within each area. Specimens of the two species of fish Mugil cephalus MC and Liza falcipinnis LF were collected from the Lagos lagoon (Nigeria) and Lake Nokoue lagoon (Republic of Benin) Fish samples were collected for nine months from June 2019 to February 2020 and examined for myxosporidean parasite, both in the dry and the rainy seasons. Data were analyzed using Chi-squared or Fisher’s Exact test. The results obtained show Myxosporidia (myxobolus sp) infestations of gills and intestines in both species of the Mugilidae studied. The results revealed that the season and sex didn’t impact the degree of LF and MC infestation by Myxobolus sp in Lake Nokoue and Lagos lagoon and Lake Nokoue and Lagos lagoon
Gender Roles and Constraints in Aquaculture Biosecurity in Ekiti State, Nigeria
No full textAdoption of proper biosecurity practices that could assist in averting fish disease crisis is needed for sustainable fish farming to bridge the fish demand-supply gap in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Fish farmers in the state were partial adopters because of financial constraints. This study aimed to examine gendered roles and constraints in adopting aquaculture biosecurity measures in Ekiti State. 150 fish farmers were randomly interviewed using structured questionnaires in the three ADP zones in the state and only 144 were retrieved. Mean, Likert scale and T-Test were employed. The findings revealed that only 24.3% of the respondents have access to loan. Egg/fry disinfection (54.9%), quarantine (53.5%), water quality monitoring (54.9%) and pond maintenance (42.4%) were considered men roles, while movement control (40.3%), disposal of dead fish (47.9%), record keeping (56.9%) and treatment/ proper feeding (50.0%) with daily fish observation (45.1%) were assigned to women. Moreover, laboratory analysis (2.2708), use of disinfectants and PPE (2.1806), equipment disinfection (2.1667), medical consultation (2.1597), and facility for changing/ shower/ toilet (2.1458), predator/pest control (2.1389), and purchase of disease-free seedlings (2.0417), quarantine (2.0069) and use of signs/maps (2.0069) were expensive for them to adopt. There is a significant difference between gender and the constraints they faced in adopting biosecurity measures because the F-calculated is 0.890 (t = 0.019, df = 23.459, mean of the biosecurity constraints faced by the men is 2.3968 and std is .56780, while the mean for the women is 2.2667, whereas std is .54131. This study concluded that both genders were faced with financial constraints in adopting proper biosecurity measures with women being the most disadvantaged. It is therefore recommended that both genders need to be given adequate and impartial support so that they can be able to adopt efficient biosecurity measures that could promote sustainable fish production
A Framework for Education Technology Integration in Nigerian Basic School System: Digital Framework for Technology Integration in Education (DiFTIE) for Basic School System
Full text linkThe integration of technology into education has gained significant attention globally, however, the existing frameworks such as: Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition (SAMR) and (Technology Integration Matrix (TIM) failed to address the unique challenges faced by technology resource-limited contexts like Nigeria. This study designed and developed a contextual model termed Digital Framework for Technology Integration in Education (DiFTIE) to address the unique challenges facing technology integration in Nigerian basic schools. It was also developed to bridge the existing digital divide among students by improving educational performance of students from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and to promote equitable access to technology-enhanced learning. The DiFTIE Framework fills a major gap by suggesting a realistic, actionable, and adaptable model that is tailored to Nigeria's socio-economic realities. DiFTIE framework surpasses traditional frameworks such as TPACK, SAMR and TIM by emphasizing on policy alignment, foundational readiness and community involvement (major elements in resource-limited contexts to enhance sustainable integration of technology). Components of DiFTIE Framework include developing localized educational content, enhancing ICT infrastructure, provision of teacher training programs and strengthening policy support. The DiFTIE Framework also provides wellstructured and sustainable strategies for integrating educational technology into pedagogic experiences due to the fact that the framework recognizes the specific needs of Nigerian educational system and its challenges. Therefore, it is recommended that implementing the DiFTIE Framework would promote equitable access to technology-enhanced learning for all students irrespective of gender and socio-economy background, display a transformative role in bridging the digital divide in Nigerian basic education and to improve educational performances of students across diverse socio-economic backgrounds
Climate Change and Vulnerabilities of Critical Infrastructure in Africa: A Systematic Review
Full text linkWorldwide, climate change presents one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century, with Africa emerging as one of the regions most exposed to its impacts. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, sea-level rise, droughts, and flooding threaten not only ecosystems and livelihoods but also the integrity of critical infrastructure needed for socio-economicdevelopment. This review paper examines the nexus between climate change and vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure in Africa, with a focus on key sectors such as energy, transportation, water supply, sanitation, and information and communication technologies. The review synthesizes current literature to highlight patterns of exposure and vulnerabilities across differentsectors, which underscores the need for integrated adaptation strategies or resilience. A city-scale assessment of climate change impact was carried out based on studies from Lokoja, Kogi State in Nigeria. Annually, the city experiences significant flooding events, leading to serious fatalities, the destruction of livelihoods, and damage to critical infrastructure. Ultimately, the paper argues that safeguarding Africa’s critical infrastructure against the evolving threats of climate change is essential for ensuring economic stability, public safety, and long-term sustainable development. Strategic pathways for building resilience suggested in the paper include strengthening institutional frameworks, mainstreaming climate risk assessments into infrastructure planning, enhancing local or community participation, and enhancing regional cooperation, among other
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Fraud Detection in Imbalanced Credit Card Transaction Datasets
Full text linkFraud detection in imbalanced datasets presents a major challenge in financial domains, particularly in credit card fraud detection. This paper presents a comparative analysis of popular machine learning models—Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, and XGBoost applied to real and simulated fraud datasets. Various data preprocessing techniques, such as SMOTE, Random Sampling, were employed to address class imbalance. The results indicate that ensemble models, particularly Random Forest and XGBoost, outperformed traditional models, achieving near-perfect F1-scores (0.999) and accuracies (0.999) across both datasets. These findings provide insight into model effectiveness in fraud detection tasks and offer a foundation for developing robust, adaptive fraud detection system