University of Ibadan Journals
Not a member yet
794 research outputs found
Sort by
Assessment of Mode Choice of Urban Commuters in Benue State, Nigeria
Get PDFMode choice behaviour is a key element in public transport planning. The main objective of this study is to examine the mode choice of urban commuters in Benue State. The travel data collected from 1545 respondents in four towns namely Makurdi, Gboko, Katsina-Ala and Otukpo, while multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 23 to identify attributes that influence travel mode choice and willingness of commuters to switch from one mode to another in Benue State. Age, gender, marital status, household income, level of education, vehicle ownership, in-vehicle time and transport fare were the most significant variables that contributed towards predicting the mode choice behaviour of commuters in Benue State. Results show that the working class make more trips using motorcycles, while the high-income class uses motor cars more than other means of transportation and has varying degrees of switching willingness. Finally, policy implications are recommended in the context of providing improved transportation systems and services with a view to improving the mobility of urban dwellers in Benue State
Internet of Things (IoT) Model for the Detection of an Infectious Disease (COVID-19)
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic, originating in late 2019 due to the highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 virus, has precipitated a global health crisis with profound impacts on healthcare systems, economies, and societal structures. Despite advancements in vaccination and treatment development, persistent challenges endure due to viral mutations, necessitating continuous vigilance and robust screening efforts. In response, remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) technology has emerged as a critical tool for contactless heart monitoring during COVID-19 screening protocols. This innovation reduces virus transmission risks by eliminating physical contact during vital sign assessments, capturing crucial data including heart rate, body temperature, and oxygensaturation levels. The presented thesis investigates the utilization of IoT devices, incorporating an RGB camera and an infrared camera, to non invasively predict the presence of COVID-19. The methodology entails video capture, frame extraction, facial detection techniques, and prediction of vital signs including body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation. Leveraging an artificial neural network trained on a COVID-19 dataset, the implemented system achieves an impressive 95% accuracy in infection prediction. This system offers promising prospects to mitigate infection risks, enhance case detection, and find application across various settings, including entry points, containment zones, and home quarantin
Enhancing Data Security: Implementing a Step-Count Method for Confidential Communications during Practical Transmission
Get PDFOverall, the improved structure of the data encryption standard algorithm delivers a state-of-the-art solution for protecting confidential data backed by unrivaled expertise and meticulous design. It is an essential tool in today's digital landscape, where cybersecurity threats are ever-evolving. Encryption is the encoding of a statement that only trusted parties can read. Only the authorized recipient understands the encoded message. The research aims to develop a step-count data encryption model for minimizing information breaches in transmission. In this research, the "key" length is the same as the original dataset, the cipher length is equal to the original message, and it has a reduction in encrypting and decrypting times compared to the RSA algorithm
Effects of Role-Play and Guided-Inquiry Strategies on the Performance Of Upper Basic Social Studies Students
No full textThis paper examined the effects of Guided Inquiry and Role-play strategies on the performance of upper basic students in Social Studies in Oyo State, Nigeria. The manifestation of social ills among the youths and the fluctuation in the performance of students in Social Studies at the secondary schools necessitated the need to find out about the effectiveness of these two strategies. As a quasi-experimental study, one hundred and forty-seven (147) in-tact JSS 3 students from three schools formed the sample and forty adopted standardized Basic Education Certificate Examination questions and lesson plan to suit Guided Inquiry and Role-play strategies were used as instrument. The study employed a factorial design of 3x2x3 and data were analyzed using (x), SD and ANCOVA at 0.05 level of significance. The result indicated that there is significance difference in the performance of students that were taught with Guided-Inquiry and Role-play strategies. It was recommended that Guided Inquiry and Role-Play should be used to teach Social Studies as they both yielded better performance than the expository strategy where students were passive in Social Studies lesson at the upper basic schools in Oyo state, Nigeria
Abandoning Wealth for Scarcity: A Critical Discourse of Youth’s Orientation of Rural-Urban Migration in Southwestern Nigeria
No full textThis study critically examined the underlying factors driving this migration trend and its socio-economic implications. The study adopted mixed methods research design. Population comprised all youths in Southwestern Nigeria. The multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted. From each of the state simple random sampling was used to select three Local Government Areas (LGAs) each. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 35 participants from each of the LGAs making a total of 315 participants. The participants were purposively selected based on some criteria which are - he/she must have migrated to current location, must be within the age range of 30 and 49 years old; must be willing to participate in the study. In-depth interviews were conducted with key participants (two per LGA). Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Findings showed that youths have positive orientation towards rural-urban migration and are not aware of potentials in rural areas; the Lack of infrastructure development in rural areas, lack of, support system and healthcare were rated as factors predisposing rural urban migration. It is also discovered that there was persistent decline in the population of the host communities, even the available ones comprise of aged men and women, people are running away from farming. Results show various plausible solutions however, recommended that youths need to explore rural wealth with modern technological approach. There is need for critical investments in rural community for multiple wealth creation and development
Influence of Teacher Utilisation on Student Academic Achievement in Public Secondary Schools in Southwestern Nigeria
No full textThis study investigated the influence of Teacher Utilisation - TU (Teacher Workload - TW, Class Size - CS) on Student Academic Achievement (SAA) in Public Senior Secondary Schools (PSSS) in Southwestern Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design of correlational type. The multi-stage sampling procedure and simple random sampling technique were used to select three (Oyo, Ogun, and Ekiti) States out of the six in Southwestern Nigeria and one Senatorial District (SD) from each State. The proportionate-to-size sampling technique was used to select 40% of the Local Government Areas (LGAs) in each of the SDs, and 50% (101) of the schools in the sampled LGAs. A class of 3,030 PSSS II was used; 202 Mathematics and English Language teachers while 101 school administrators were enumerated. The instruments were TW Questionnaire (?=0.78); CS Inventory (?=0.75); English Language Achievement Test-ELAT (KR-20=7.47) and Mathematics Achievement Test-MAT (KR-20=7.46). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression at a 0.05 level of significance. Respondents’ ages were 46.5±5.20 years (teachers) and 17.60±1.60 years (students). There were 59.0% male teachers and 57.0% female students. The TU was (x =2.0) against the threshold of 2.5. Also, teachers were overutilised (TU: 74.3% had more than 40 students/class and 57.4% taught more than 24 periods/week which is the maximum threshold). Therefore, TU (ß=0.25, t=3.13) made a significant contribution to SAA. Hence, teacher utilisation influenced student academic achievement in public senior secondary schools in Southwestern Nigeria and it should be given attention by all the education stakeholders for improved student academic achievement
Education and Female Genital Mutilation in Ekiti State, Nigeria
No full textThis study examined education and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) practices in Ekiti State. The descriptive research design of the survey type was adopted for this study, with the population consisting of all married women living in the 16 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ekiti State. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 371 married women as sample from 6 LGAs. The instrument titled ‘Perceived Impact of Education on Female Genital Mutilation Practice (PIEFGMP)’ was used to collect data for the study. The instrument was subjected to face and content validity. The reliability co-efficient of 0.79 was obtained through the Cronbach Alpha reliability testing method. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. All hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that the level of FGM practice in Ekiti State was moderate and correspondent the level of campaign programme on FGM practice was low. The findings also showed significant relationship between media campaign, health campaign, level of education and FGM practice in Ekiti State. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that government and policy makers should promote women’s access to education, health care, and develop projects that generally promote women’s access to and engagement with the media
Computational studies of the corrosion inhibition potentials of some derivatives of 1H-Imidazo [4, 5-F] [1, 10] phenanthroline
Get PDFComputational simulations of the corrosion inhibition potentials of four imidazophenanthroline derivatives were carriedout using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6-31G* method. It was shown that the predictive corrosioninhibition potentials increase in the order 2-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (MIP) < 3-(1H-imidazo [4, 5-f][1,10] phenanthrolin-2-yl) phenol (IPP) <2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazo [4, 5-f] [1, 10] phenanthroline (MPIP) < 4-methoxy-2-(3H-phenanthro [9, 10-d] imidazol-2-yl) phenol (MPP). The anticorrosion potentials were predicted using the quantumchemical parameters like energy gap (?E), energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), energy of lowest unoccupiedmolecular orbital (ELUMO), ionization potential (I), electron affinity (A), polarizability (?), global hardness (?), global softness(), electronegativity (x) and polar surface area (PSA). Corrosion inhibition potentials increase with increasing EHOMO,polarizability, global softness and polar surface area (PSA), and decreasing energy gap (?E), ELUMO and global hardness.Also, the sites of likely electrophilic attack were located on nitrogen and oxygen atoms as shown by high negativeMulliken charges of these atoms. This implied that the metal surface atoms could be bonded to these inhibitors throughnitrogen and oxygen atoms. From the results, 4-methoxy-2-(3H-phenanthro [9, 10-d] imidazol-2-yl) phenol (MPP) showedthe highest EHOMO, polarizability, PSA, and the lowest ?E, ELUMO, hence the greatest potential of inhibiting corrosion ofmetals in aqueous solutions
Comparative Study of the On- and Off-Campus Students' Hostel in Federal Universities in Southwestern Nigeria
Get PDFStudents’ on- and off-campus hostel accommodation in Nigerian Federal universities is presently experiencing deficiencies in quality and quantity and it is already well-documented in the literature. A significant gap in the literature is the lack of comparative studies between the on- and off-campus hostel accommodation in these universities. This is a gap the present study set out to fill, by adopting housing habitability indicators to measure the level of defects in students’ hostels in the selected Federal universities in southwestern Nigeria. The survey design technique was adopted for the study. A probability proportion to size sampling technique was used to select 1207 students and 193 hostels. Five housing habitability indicators (foundation, flooring, wall, roof, and wall paint) were used to assess the level of defect in the students’ hostels, and a hypothesis on significant differences was tested. The study revealed that on-campus hostels scored better than off-campus hostels regarding the indicators used. Observed variations in the hostels’ housing was found to be statistically significant, using the two-tailed Mann Whitney U test, based on an alpha value of 0.05 (foundation: U =2,437.500, z= 2.006, p = .045; flooring: U = 2,757.000,z = 3.149, p =.002; wall: U =2,528,000, z = 2.152, p = .031; roof: U = 2,454,000, z =2.071, p = .038 and paint: U = 1,587.000, z = -2.131, p = .033). The study revealed that off-campus hostels had higher levels of defect than on-campus hostels; 75.28% of the students preferred on-campus to off-campus hostel accommodation; absence of adequate monitoring of off-campus hostels, absence of planned and corrective maintenance practice, and the government’s lukewarm attitude towards providing adequate on-campus accommodation were identified as the major contributing factors to inadequate on-campus hostels accommodation in the Federal Universities. The introduction of adequate standardization and monitoring of the off campus hostels and the adoption of comprehensive proactive planned provision and maintenance of on-campus hostel accommodation in the Federal Universities were recommended strategies to ensure habitable students’ hostel accommodation
Blind Image Clustering Using Contaminated Sensor Pattern Noise
Get PDF
With digital imagery fast becoming a part of our daily lives and the exponential development of image processing technologies, new challenges and problems are also rising. One such problem is that of identifying the source device of an image. Previous attempts to do this were focused on identifying sources for which there were some information about attacking the problem from a Supervised Learning standpoint. In this research, we present an alternative model for image source identification, in the absence of any information about the images, using properties generated during the image processing pipeline, which is the dominant Photo Response Non- Uniformity (PRNU), along with other impurities combined to form the contaminated sensor pattern noise or Polluted PRNU (POL-PRNU). Results showed a relatively low accuracy of 46% achieved by our model. It was also observed that there was a higher level of misclassification between cameras from the same manufacturer although the models were different and this affected the overall accuracy of the model. While Sensor pattern noise can be used to cluster images, it would require some more refinements in order to obtain a higher clustering accuracy