HAL Portal Cnam (French National Conservatory for Arts and Crafts)
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Assessing the morphological alteration of river reaches from 15 years of measurements: French hydromorphological database and indicators (Carhyce)
No full textInternational audienceTo improve fresh water ecological quality, river managers have to assess the geomorphological functioning of the river system and sometimes restore it. Despite noticeable efforts made in recent years by the geomorphological community, hydro-morphological assessment methods and tools are still called for and needed. In France, river managers may rely on the Carhyce catalogue built by the French Biodiversity Agency and its partners over 15 years. This is a unique database allowing the characterization of the hydromorphology of French rivers. It is based on a standardized field protocol that entails a survey of the bankfull geometry of a reach 14 times the length of the river width. To date, >2500 river reaches of all type of rivers present on the French territory have been surveyed and the related data are freely available via a web interface, where they have been formatted and presented in the form of tables, graphs, sketches and indices. In addition, a morphological index has been produced to help identify and measure potential alterations of the physical functioning of the reaches. To do so >500 reaches have been identified as references to build reach average hydraulic geometry relationships. Those reference models allow the morphological deviation from the regional reference situation to be determined. This paper presents the Carhyce catalogue and the Global Morphological Index (GMI), as well as several examples of how it may be used. The limits and benefits of the Carhyce data are discussed and the GMI is compared to a welluse index of morphological quality.</div
Les modes d’accueil ponctuel et leurs acteurs à l’épreuve de la flexibilité: Annexe du rapport : monographies des terrains d’enquête
No full textCette annexe du rapport sur "Les modes d’accueil ponctuel et leurs acteurs à l’épreuve de la flexibilité"présente les monographies des cinq terrains d’enquête de cette recherche : deux garderies éphémères, deux haltes garderies, une multi-accueil
Atmospheres and non-standard bodies: a critical and speculative approach to architecture through the experience of disability
No full textInternational audiencePhilosophy and architecture tend to refer to a standard body (Hamraie, 2017). This hypothetical body may correspond to the anatomy of some individuals, but what happens with people that “mis fits”? Architecture, atmosphere and somaeastetic, all deal with bodily perceptions and practices and their function in our knowledge and construction of our built environment (Shusterman, 2015) but how do their address functional diversity. Non-standard bodies, through the mismatch they encounter between their individual specificities and their built environment, develop a perceptual and conceptual acuity to their surroundings. Disability can be considered as an inventive and creative way of relating to the world (Kafer, 2013) Using the experience and knowledge of impairment and disability as critical concept may open new perspectives (Gissen, 2023) and allow us to comprehend the notion of atmosphere further. This paper will start by establishing connections and parallels between atmosphere and disability using the notion of milieu (Canguilhem, 1966): a way of experiencing and creating its own norms and its own environment, through a therapeutic (Goldstein, 1951) or an aesthetic perspective (Bégout, 2020). Thus, atmosphere can be seen as a means to unite disparate elements and create a coherent living environment, not through function or performance, but rather through sensibility. (Tallagrand, Thibaud, Tixier: 2021). A second part will focus of the lived experience of space by impaired and disabled bodies. It will tend to identify the practices that consist of "dealing with" geographical and bodily contingencies through atmosphere. Those practices will be addressed through texts by two blind academics, which explore a museum space (kleege, 2017) and a train-station context (Saerberg, 2007). To reflect on these texts, a final part will reveal the results and analysis of commented walks that were performed in the same specific spaces (museum and trainstation) with neurodivergent individuals. This last exploration does not pretend to be a direct translation of disabled experience but a proposal for new narratives. All those different narratives on atmosphere may aid in comprehending the plasticity of the blurry boundary (Böhme, 1995) that binds body and built environment
Fake news, mise en danger des jeunes : faut-il interdire TikTok ?
No full texthttps://theconversation.com/fake-news-mise-en-danger-des-jeunes-faut-il-interdire-tiktok-250670?utm_source=clipboard&utm_medium=bylinecopy_url_buttonThis article explores the dangers of TikTok for young people, including massive misinformation and psychological risks. It highlights concerns about Chinese spying and opinion manipulation. Dangerous viral challenges and opaque algorithms amplify fake news. The European Union and France are considering stricter regulations, but a total ban remains complex. The article questions the balance between protecting young people and digital freedoms.Cet article explore les dangers de TikTok pour les jeunes, notamment la désinformation massive et les risques psychologiques. Il met en lumière les inquiétudes sur l’espionnage au profit de la Chine et la manipulation de l’opinion. Les défis viraux dangereux et l’algorithme opaque amplifient les fake news. L’Union européenne et la France envisagent des régulations plus strictes, mais une interdiction totale reste complexe. L’article questionne l’équilibre entre protection des jeunes et libertés numériques
La Prime d'activité, nouvelle mesure de soutien aux entreprises ?
No full textLa prime d’activité, créée en 2015 et financée par l’État, se substitue au relèvement progressif du SMIC écarté au nom de l’emploi et de la compétitivité des entreprises. L’extension massive du nombre de ses bénéficiaires, intervenue en 2019, a concerné les revenus de travail très au-delà du champ de la solidarité nationale. Il s’agit d’un élargissement considérable de la « solidarité active » qui avait justifié en 2008 la création du RSA. Les « revenus sociaux » qui complètent les revenus d’activité de toujours plus de celles et ceux qui travaillent subventionnent les entreprises en transférant une part du « coût du travail » au budget de l’État.Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail (CNAM) Mars 2025</div
FPGA architecture-based front-end processing for SLAM applications
No full textInternational audienceSimultaneous Localization and Mapping is intended for robotic and autonomous vehicle applications. These targets require an optimal embedded implementation that respects real-time constraints, limited hardware resources, and energy consumption. SLAM algorithms are computationally intensive to run on embedded targets, and often, the algorithms are deployed on CPUs or CPU–GPGPU architectures. With the growth of embedded heterogeneous computing systems, research work is increasingly interested in the algorithm–architecture mapping of existing SLAM algorithms. The latest trend is pushing processing closer to the sensor. FPGAs constitute the perfect architecture for designing smart sensors by providing low latency suitable for real-time applications, such as video streaming, as they supply data directly into the FPGA without needing a CPU. In this work, we propose the implementation of the HOOFR-SLAM front end on a CPU–FPGA architecture, including both feature extraction and matching processing blocks. A high-level synthesis (HLS) approach based on OpenCL paradigm has been used to design a new system architecture. The performance of the FPGA-based architecture was compared to a high-performance CPU. This innovative architecture delivers superior performance compared to existing state-of-the-art systems
Taxonomy of the Scientific Domain of Smart Life
No full textInternational audienceThe field of Smart Life represents a large spectrum of various application domains coming from very established ones as Smart energy and Smart home to very recent ones as Smart environment, Smart airport, or Smart Earth. We observed a substantial growth in the scientific literature with over 126,000 papers containing “Smart” in their titles in 2021. Despite this huge number, we did not identify a detailed classification of these fields in the existing literature. There is still a notable gap in the classification and systematization of these fields. To address this, we developed a generic taxonomy for Smart applications by conducting a systematic mapping study focused on state-of-the-art and research agenda-oriented papers (2341 scientific publications in total)
Semiconducting overoxidized polypyrrole nano‐particles for photocatalytic water splitting
No full textInternational audienceCapturing sunlight to fuel the water splitting reaction (WSR) into O and H is the leitmotif of the research around artificial photosynthesis. Organic semiconductors have now joined the quorum of materials currently dominated by inorganic oxides, where for both families of compounds the bandgaps and energies can be adjusted synthetically to perform the Water Splitting Reaction. However, elaborated and tedious synthetic pathways are necessary to optimize the photophysical properties of organic semiconductors. This study reports here, that when pyrrole dissolved distilled water is exposed to high energy radiation, this leads to the formation of nanostructured spherical polypyrrole (Nano‐PPy) particles that are characterized as overoxidized polypyrrole. Electrochemical studies and Tauc's plot highlight the production of a semiconducting material with a bandgap of ≈1.8 eV with the conduction band at ≈−0.5 V and a valence band at ≈+1.3 V vs NHE. When suspended in water and under irradiation at wavelengths higher than 420 nm, Nano‐PPy materials lead to O evolution, while electrons and protons can be recovered in the form of reduced quinone. Interestingly, upon intermittent visible irradiation and dark phases, a consumption of the evolved O 2 from oxidation of water is observed. This concomitant O reduction is found to produce H O
Optimization of Rank Losses for Image Retrieval
No full textInternational audienceIn image retrieval, standard evaluation metrics rely on score ranking, e.g. average precision (AP), recall at k (R@k), normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG). In this work, we introduce a general framework for robust and decomposable rank losses optimization. It addresses two major challenges for end-to-end training of deep neural networks with rank losses: non-differentiability and non-decomposability. Firstly, we propose a general surrogate for ranking operator, SupRank, that is amenable to stochastic gradient descent. It provides an upperbound for rank losses and ensures robust training. Secondly, we use a simple yet effective loss function to reduce the decomposability gap between the averaged batch approximation of ranking losses and their values on the whole training set. We apply our framework to two standard metrics for image retrieval: AP and R@k. Additionally, we apply our framework to hierarchical image retrieval. We introduce an extension of AP, the hierarchical average precision H-AP, and optimize it as well as the NDCG. Finally, we create the first hierarchical landmarks retrieval dataset. We use a semi-automatic pipeline to create hierarchical labels, extending the large scale Google Landmarks v2 dataset. The hierarchical dataset is publicly available at github.com/cvdfoundation/google-landmark. Code is available at github.com/elias-ramzi/SupRank.</div