HAL Portal Cnam (French National Conservatory for Arts and Crafts)
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Approches d'Extraction et de Structuration des Manuels Scolaires
No full textInternational audienceSchool textbooks are essential for learning, and their accessibility is crucial for including students with disabilities. This long-term project aims to automate the adaptation of these textbooks. This article presents various approaches for content extraction and structuring, using computer vision techniques and language models. The results show high accuracy, highlighting the potential of these technologies to improve the accessibility of educational resources and support inclusive education.Les manuels scolaires sont essentiels pour l'apprentissage, et leur accessibilité est cruciale pour inclure les élèves en situation de handicap. Ce projet à long terme vise à automatiser l'adaptation de ces manuels. Cet article présente différentes approches d'extraction et de structuration des contenus, en utilisant des techniques de vision par ordinateur et des modèles de langage. Les résultats montrent une précision élevée, soulignant le potentiel de ces technologies pour améliorer l'accessibilité des ressources pédagogiques et soutenir une éducation inclusive
L’environnement de travail et ses impacts sur la santé : enjeux et perspectives pour 2040
No full textNational audienceThe work environment is a singular environment that plays a fundamental role in the physical and mental health of all workers. While it has many similarities with the general environment, it also has its own particularities in terms of regulations, risks, exposomes, time and inequalities, the perspectives of which need to be developed in cooperation between decision-makers, occupational health professionals (doctors, nurses and teams), prevention specialists and workers, in the interests of decent work.L’environnement de travail est un environnement singulier qui joue un rôle fondamental dans la santé physique et mentale des « travaillants » – personne effectuant un travail quelle que soit leur condition sociale. Certes, il présente des similitudes avec l’environnement général, mais il présente des particularités entre réglementations, risques, exposomes, temps et inégalités dont les perspectives sont à construire en coopération entre décideurs, professionnels de santé au travail (médecins-infirmier et équipe), les acteurs de la prévention et les travaillants, pour un travail décent
Simulation Monte Carlo des propriétés thermoélectriques des nanofilms de silicium : analyse du coefficient seebeck diffusif
No full textInternational audienc
Le bien-être avec le numérique, entre promesses de progrès, discours critiques et pratiques contrastées
No full textInternational audienceThis introduction recontextualizes the recurrence of questions about the positive effects of information and communication technologies throughout the history of Interfaces Numériques magazine. Then, delving into the roots of the notion of well-being, we look at how technological deployments relate to it, on a practical level, through the pleasures or facilities they bring, or through stories of improved lives. The growing concern for health, including mental health, intersects with the consequences of confinement, as artificial intelligence and new alienations become widespread. Based on the subjective position of the contemporary subject, outlined in broad strokes, a three-pronged approach is proposed, depending on whether well-being is achieved with, through or in the digital world. The collection of contributions, presented in pairs, starts with the user experience, examining the world of video games, then moves on to creativity and psychological support, and finally to learning and education.Cette introduction recontextualise au fil de l’histoire de la revue Interfaces Numériques la réccurrence d’un questionnement sur les effets positifs des technologies de l’information et de la communication. Plongeant ensuite aux racines de la notion de bien-être, il s’agit de saisir en quoi les déploiements technologiques s’y réfèrent, au niveau pratique, par les plaisirs ou facilités apportés ou des récits d’amélioration de vie. Le souci croissant de santé, y compris mentale, croise les conséquences des confinements, alors que se généralisent les intelligences artificielles et nouvelles aliénations. À partir de la position subjective du sujet contemporain, brossée à grands traits, une triple approche est proposée, selon que le bien-être se réalise avec, à travers ou dans le numérique. La collecte des contributions, présentées deux par deux, s’ordonne en partant de l’expérience utilisateur, en interrogeant les univers des jeux vidéo, pour aller vers la créativité, le soutien psychologique et enfin l’apprentissage et l’éducation
Bringing Interpretability to Neural Audio Codecs
No full textInternational audienceThe advent of neural audio codecs has increased in popularity due to their potential for efficiently modeling audio with transformers. Such advanced codecs represent audio from a highly continuous waveform to low-sampled discrete units. In contrast to semantic units, acoustic units may lack interpretability because their training objectives primarily focus on reconstruction performance. This paper proposes a two-step approach to explore the encoding of speech information within the codec tokens. The primary goal of the analysis stage is to gain deeper insight into how speech attributes such as content, identity, and pitch are encoded. The synthesis stage then trains an AnCoGen network for post-hoc explanation of codecs to extract speech attributes from the respective tokens directly
Aerodynamic Performance and Wake Validation of Micro Wind Turbines Using CFD and SPIV
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigates the aerodynamic performance and wake characteristics of a micro horizontal axis wind turbine by combining computational fluid dynamics simulation with Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) experiments. The micro wind turbine adopts an high solidity cascade design, which is suitable for low Reynolds number conditions. The study evaluates the performance and wake characteristics of this type of wind turbine. The CFD analysis, based on a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach using the k-ε turbulence model, includes the evaluation of power and torque coefficients, as well as the velocity field in the wake region. The wake structures predicted by the CFD show strong agreement with the SPIV measurements, particularly in the axial and tangential velocity distributions. In addition, the power coefficient derived from CFD simulations exhibits good consistency with the experimentally measured values obtained from torque-based power measurements, with a relative error of approximately 3.75%. The study provides a theoretical basis for the design optimization of micro wind turbines, especially in the blade cascade design, which helps to improve the performance and efficiency of distributed wind energy systems
A Method for Detecting the Start of Delamination at the Corners of Solder Joint in a 3D PCB Power Electronic Assembly of SiC MOSFETs
No full textInternational audienceThe article discusses a method for evaluating the delamination initiation at solder joint corners in a 3D power electronic assembly of SiC MOSFET transistors integrated into a PCB substrate to design a half bridge. This assembly leads to soldering two metallic materials and addresses the integration of small active chips with larger heat-sinks. This technological development is part of future robustness evaluation of the new assembly model for wide band Gap components. This assembly consists of metallic base-plate corresponding to the heat-sink soldered on the copper foil of a PCB substrate. Conventional methods fail to detect delamination initiation effectively due to the optimized commutation cell design. Finite element simulations are carried out to assess the sensitivity in comparison with another method. Then, prototypes with controlled delamination rate are developed to consolidate the results. The first conclusion demonstrates the interest of that electrical method which is more sensitive to detect the low delimitation rates comparing to thermal method generally used
Review of Multiport Energy Router Structures in the Specific Context of Wind Power Generation Systems
No full textInternational audienceThe recent trend of using a multiport machine as an energy router has appeared and become an attractive solution in drive-included applications like wind turbines. This paper provides a review of multiport converters and machines, their integration in a wind generation system is evaluated. Then, a novel energy router structure based on the highly coupled multiport machine is proposed. The energy router enables energy storage integration in the wind turbine generation system. A power control scheme is implemented, and simulation results show that the multiport machine energy router can achieve similar power regulations of a standard DC coupled energy router
SILEXlight
No full textSILEX is a finite element code written in Python language, eventually with a Fortran part in order to speed up the computations and mainly dedicated to educational purposes
Bow Echo Alarm System Using Topological Data Analysis - V2
No full textInternational audienceThis study examines the extremely severe storm that hit Corsica in the early hours of August 18, 2022.A "derecho" is a powerful storm system known for producing long-lasting and widespread destructive winds. In this case, the storm was driven by a large cluster of thunderstorms that organized into a fast-moving structure, leading to intense wind gusts across the region. The associated radar signatures generally exhibit linear characteristics, often displaying "bow echo" shapes. In this work, we study the formation and evolution of the bow echo that struck the Corsican coast, causing significant damage and multiple fatalities. Bow echoes are notoriously difficult to predict, as they can form quickly and remain quite localized. We propose using Topological Data Analysis (TDA,specifically, persistent homology, to characterize the shape evolution of a bow echo over time.From weather radar images of reflectivity, we generate point clouds corresponding to the most intense precipitation cells and compute their persistence diagrams via Vietoris-Rips filtrations. We compare persistence diagrams using the Bottleneck distance, the Wasserstein distance, and the kernel approach: the Persistence Weighted Gaussian Kernel (PWGK), the Sliced Wasserstein Kernel (SWK) and the Pertinence Fisher Kernel (PFK). We then apply hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), and change-point detection to these distances in order to highlight major structural transitions and detect the moment when the bow echo forms. Additionally, we incorporate a curvature-based metric by measuring the ratio between the arc length and the straight length of the arc shape. We show that combining TDA-based distances with curvature measurements provides valuable insight into the storm's evolution. Finally, we introduce a discussion on triggering an alert based on the topological analysis of the bow echo. Our results suggest that TDA-based methods can help identify distinct structural changes in complex meteorological phenomena.</p