HAL Portal Cnam (French National Conservatory for Arts and Crafts)
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Developing career development centres and teaching career management skills to future career counsellors in Iraq
No full textInternational audienc
Quel avenir pour le travail protégé ? Enjeux et Répercussions des Réformes Récentes
No full textQuelles sont les transformations des statuts des TH et des liens avec le milieu ordinaire du travail, dans un contexte où il faut concilier l’accompagnement médico-social et la performance économique ?Après une revue de littérature permettant de replacer dans un cadre plus large les enjeux abordés dans ce rapport, nous présenterons les terrains et les méthodes utilisées pour réaliser notre recherche. L’analyse des données recueillies à l’aide d’entretiens et d’observations ethnographiques, sur un ensemble de 27 ESAT, nous a permis de dégager trois axes structurants de la situation actuelle des ESAT étudiés.Tout d’abord, nous nous intéresserons à la manière dont s’articule la production économique vis-à-vis de l’accompagnement médico-social. Ensuite, nous nous pencherons plus spécifiquement sur les évolutions du statut des travailleur·ses handicapé·es le rapprochant des statuts de salarié·es du milieu ordinaire, suite aux évolutions légales ; et à la manière dont ces lois sont mises en oeuvre de manière différenciée. Enfin, nous chercherons à comprendre dans quelle mesure des transitions vers le milieu ordinaire peuvent se développer ou non à partir des ESAT
A machine learning approach reveals key determinants of the porcine serum metabolome in the context of Salmonella colonization and/or deoxynivalenol intoxication
No full textInternational audienceSalmonella infection in pigs is a public health concern, with pork meat recognized as a major source of human infection. Recently, we demonstrated that porcine serum metabolome is modulated during Salmonella infection. However, the impact of concomitant exposure to xenobiotics, such as mycotoxins, remains poorly characterized. Indeed, deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the Fusarium genus and is commonly found in cereals intended for animal feed. High dose of deoxynivalenol can induce the production of metabolites that may serve as biomarkers of exposure. In this context, investigating the combined effects of the monophasic variant of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and deoxynivalenol at the omic scale is of particular relevance. In our trial, the administration of DON-contaminated feed (3 mg/kg of food) began at 6 weeks of age, and Salmonella was orally inoculated (10^9 CFU/pig) at 7 weeks of age. From these pigs, four groups (10 pig/group) were defined: Sal-DON-, Sal-DON+, Sal+DON- and Sal+DON+. Blood sera were collected at two time points, from pigs aged 7 and 9 weeks. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Through this approach, we demonstrated that Salmonella infection induced significant perturbations in the serum metabolome, exceeding those caused by deoxynivalenol. Synergistic effects between deoxynivalenol and Salmonella occasionally led to enhanced disruptions compared to single exposures. In addition, temporal analyses revealed dynamic changes in the metabolome over the course of Salmonella infection. Key metabolites (VIPs) were isolated from machine learning-based sparse PLS-DA models, allowing for discrimination between the different exposure groups. Some of these candidate metabolic biomarkers were biologically characterized in an initial massspectrometry approach (MS1) before their identity was further refined using tandem mass spectrometry (MS2). These works thus demonstrate the potential for identifying serum metabolome biomarkers in the context of Salmonella colonization and/or swine poisoning, providing more in-depth insights into pathogen-toxin interactions, and aiding in the design of novel diagnostic and intervention strategies for swine production systems
Multiplex ACE2-RBD binding inhibition assay: An integrated tool for assessing neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants and protection against breakthrough infections
No full textInternational audienceSARS-CoV-2 remains a significant health threat due to its high infection and mutation rates. The emergence of new variants of concern poses challenges as they can lead to immune escape mutations, potentially reducing the efficacy of vaccines and antibody therapeutics. The receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 is particularly noteworthy as it is both the most rapidly evolving domain and the principal target of neutralizing antibodies. As an alternative to time-consuming and expensive neutralization assays, we have developed a bead-based multiplex surrogate virus neutralization test based on ACE2-RBD binding inhibition. We demonstrated how our high-throughput assay allows us to simultaneously assess anti-RBD neutralizing antibodies levels against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, providing data that is consistent with the gold-standard live virus neutralization assay. The utility of this assay was demonstrated by applying it to a large French population cohort to demonstrate that hybrid immunity (generated by a combination of vaccination and infection) is associated with protection against infection with the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 lineages of SARS-COV-2
Digital twins for predictive monitoring and anomaly detection: application to seismic and railway infrastructures
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents two case studies on the application of digital twins for predictive monitoring and anomaly detection in critical infrastructures: seismic monitoring for dams and sinkhole detection for railway tracks. The first case study focuses on the development of a surrogate model using neural networks to simulate seismic wave propagation and quantify uncertainties related to seismic hazards in dam infrastructure. By training a neural network on a dataset generated through the spectral element method, the model significantly reduces computational time and enables efficient global sensitivity analysis. This approach enhances the understanding of how key parameters influence seismic responses, supporting more reliable and responsive seismic monitoring systems for dams. The second case study addresses railway infrastructure, where sinkholes can lead to dangerous track deformations. Using high-resolution LiDAR data, we develop an automated system to detect ground deformations near railway tracks. By extracting ground points from LiDAR point clouds and generating Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), sinkholes are detected through a segmentation-based approach. Comparing different filtering algorithms, such as Voxel Based Ground Filtering (VBGF) and Cloth Simulation Filter (CSF), allows for optimizing the detection process and enhancing safety. Both case studies illustrate how digital twins can be employed for real-time monitoring, leveraging advanced data processing and predictive models to improve the safety and resilience of critical infrastructure
L'éthique du management : une promesse en question
No full textInternational audienceAssiste-t-on à un changement de vision de la finalité des entreprises et à l’émergence d’un nouvel esprit du management ? Les trois auteurs proposent de mettre en perspective l’appel des dirigeants et des managers à prendre en compte l’éthique dans les modes de gouvernance et les pratiques de management.Entre continuité et rupture, leurs prises de position sont éclairées par quatre études : une analyse de l’évolution des communications de quatre cercles patronaux sur la responsabilité des entreprises entre 1938 et 2023, une observation et une analyse de l’écart entre les discours et les pratiques managériales liés au télétravail dans une grande entreprise du numérique, une analyse comparative des discours institutionnels des équipes dirigeantes de start-up sur l’éthique d’entreprise, et une étude herméneutique des stratégies discursives et de diffusion médiatique des associations patronales.De la confrontation de ces analyses ressortent l’expression d’un nouvel ethos patronal et un savoir-être managérial qui participeraient de la responsabilité sociale, sociétale et environnementale des entreprises.Dans un contexte d’incertitude, l’appel à une prise en compte de l’éthique par le management peut-il être porteur d’une marque d’espérance
Internal Kelvin Waves in a Broad, Mid-Latitude Fjord
No full textInternational audienceBroad embayment, such as some Fjords, can host the generation and propagation of internal Kelvin waves should the ratio of their Rossby radius to shelf-slope width be large. Here, we report on such a process in a broad, mid-latitude, fjord where the upper-layer dynamics are dominated by sub-inertial baroclinic motions. This fjord is of particular interest due to recent development of the aquaculture industry and to being historical fishing grounds. Using a fully non-linear, three-dimensional primitive equation numerical model we show that the large majority of the thermocline vertical fluctuations (80%) and much of the along-shore currents (50%) can be reproduced with a flat-bottom assumption. We use the model to determine the origin of the process, which is expressed by upwelling and downwelling disturbances traveling cyclonically around the bay. We find that the wind generates local and remote, from a large and deep neighboring bay, responses which travel as forced and freely propagating long, coastally trapped, internal waves into and around the fjord. The resulting dynamics within the fjord can therefore be complex, particularly in the fall season during which nearly continuous and directionally variable winds occur. Under such forcing conditions and given the irregularity of the regional coastline, signals combine to form temporally and spatially varying responses, enhancing or diminishing transient upwelling or downwelling and their associated along-shore current pulses.Key PointsLarge sub-inertial baroclinic motions are observed in broad, mid-latitude, sub-arctic fjordThese motions are reproduced by a numerical model; confirming the existence of coastal trapped waves of baroclinic Kelvin natureThese waves are generated locally and remotely from an “upstream” neighboring embayment and can interact locally in a very non-linear wayPlain Language SummaryCoastal upwelling (cold, deep water brought-up to the surface) and downwelling (warm, surface water brought-down to depth) are typically not static. It is particularly true in places where wind patterns change rapidly and often and where waters are stratified seasonally, such as on the Eastern Canadian coasts. In such places, local upwelling and downwelling disturbances can travel along the coast in such a way as to be felt hundreds of kilometers from their place of origin. This paper is concerned with such phenomena, using a comprehensive set of in situ observations as well as the results from numerical modeling simulations. The study site is a broad and deep fjord, located along the shores of the island of Newfoundland (Canada). We show that remotely generated upwelling and downwelling can interact with locally generated ones in such ways as to amplify or decrease the local conditions within the fjord. These findings should help in managing the development of the aquaculture industry in this region as well as to inform more broadly on the physical processes responsible for such phenomena
GTnum ScienceXGames CreaJV - Cahier d'expérience - Expérience d'atelier de création de jeu vidéo en classe du GTnum CreaJV: Groupes thématiques numériques de la Direction du numérique pour l'éducation (Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche) 2021 - 2024
No full textProductions des groupes thématiques numériques (Direction du numérique pour l'éducation du Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche)The GTnum CreaJV (2021-2024 Digital Thematic Group “Learning through Digital Games” #CreaJV) has experimented with video game creation activities in various classes, from elementary school to BTS (advanced vocational training certificate). This report presents the lessons learned from several experiments conducted between 2021 and 2024, based on a rigorous methodology for collecting and analyzing data from students, teachers, and the games produced. It aims to provide concrete benchmarks for understanding the educational value of these workshops, the conditions for their success, and the skills they help develop.Le GTnum CreaJV (Groupe thématique numérique 2021 - 2024 "Apprendre par le jeu numérique" #CreaJV) a expérimenté des activités de création de jeu vidéo mené dans différentes classes, du primaire au BTS. Ce cahier d’expérience présente les enseignements tirés de plusieurs expérimentations menées entre 2021 et 2024, en s’appuyant sur une méthodologie rigoureuse de collecte et d’analyse de données issues des élèves, des enseignants et des productions réalisées. Il vise à offrir des repères concrets pour comprendre l’intérêt pédagogique de ces ateliers, les conditions de leur réussite, et les compétences qu’ils permettent de développer
An UHF RFID Indoor Localization System based on the Maximum Likelihood Estimator with an Effective Tags Deployment Density and a Sub-Metric Accuracy
No full textInternational audienceRFID-based indoor localization has received extensive attention from both industry and academia. Most of those systems use the Received Signal Strength (RSS) as positioning metric, thanks to its readability on the majority of user devices. RSS values are easily affected by the surrounding environment, that induces signals fluctuation due to multipath and to the propagation channel non-stationarity. To overcome the impact of these variations, we propose an original combining technique for the RSS samples, using the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE). This approach improves both the fingerprinting reliability and the localization accuracy. Following on measurements in a classroom, our architecture features better results than conventional UHF RFID positioning systems relying on RSSIs averaging; it achieves a position error of 90 centimeters, with an RFID tag deployment density reduced to 0.062 tag per square meter
Salmonella strikes harder in the presence of Campylobacter, fueling chicken colonization
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis, with over 148,000 and 77,000 confirmed human cases in 2023, are the leading zoonotic bacterial diseases in Europe. Poultry meat is a primary source of human contamination, with poultry acting as asymptomatic carriers of these bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract. Although both pathogens can co-exist in poultry intestines, there has been limited research on their interaction. A recent study found that while Salmonella Typhimurium counts were not affected by Campylobacter jejuni, S. Typhimurium enhanced C. jejuni survival under in vitro aerobic conditions. Therefore, it is important to explore whether such an interaction also occurs in the complex in vivo gut environment, where ecological factors play a significant role in bacterial colonization. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of co-infection in broiler chickens by Salmonella and Campylobacter on the cecal colonization levels of each of these bacteria and to investigate the impact of this co-infection on the composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota and the serum metabolome. Methods: An in vivo trial with kinetic monitoring was performed during 36 days. Broiler chickens were divided into four groups: Non-inoculated control, Salmonella-challenged, Campylobacter challenged, and Campylobacter + Salmonella -challenged groups, all artificially inoculated on day 1. Salmonella and Campylobacter were detected and enumerated in caecal contents. The caecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S metabarcoding. Serum metabololites were analyzed using highperformance liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results and discussion: Both Salmonella and Campylobacter maintained significantly higher levels of contamination in the caeca throughout the experiment when the animals were co-inoculated. In particular, on day 35, the co-inoculated animals exhibited a Salmonella contamination that was 3 logs higher than those inoculated with Salmonella alone. Additionally, beyond the variations in the microbiota associated with each pathogen when inoculated individually, the simultaneous presence of Salmonella and Campylobacter led to specific modulations in the microbiota that may help explain this phenomenon. Moreover, significant differences were observed in the serum metabolome across the different contaminated animal groups, with potential links between variations in the microbiota and changes in the metabolome. Overall, this study highlights the synergistic effect between Salmonella and Campylobacter in the chicken gut during co-infection, and emphasizes the need for control measures that consider the possibility of co-infection in poultry production