HAL Portal Cnam (French National Conservatory for Arts and Crafts)
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Do Closer Relationships Increase Content Similarity? Assessing Transnational Agenda-Setting Influence of Chinese Media on Twitter
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this study was to analyze transnational agenda setting from the perspective of mediated public diplomacy. Using the Belt and Road Initiative Forums as example cases, we examined the transnational agenda-setting influence of Chinese media on Twitter. Through analysis of tweets posted during the 2017 and 2019 forums, we found that countries that joined the Belt and Road Initiative had more favorable perceptions of Chinese media content than countries that did not join. However, the overall agenda-setting influence of Chinese media is limited. The results also show a decline in interest in discussing the Belt and Road Initiative on Twitter over time. The findings suggest that China’s goal of using the Belt and Road Initiative to enhance its soft power was partially successful
Investigating the Extent of Bladed Terrain on Pluto via Photometric Surface Roughness
No full textThe data analyzed in this work were obtained from The PDS Ring-Moon Systems Node's OPUS search service, available at https://pds-rings.seti.org/search/. Pre-processing of the data cubes downloaded from OPUS was performed using the Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS) (Laura et al., 2023) (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7644616). The python software used for data analysis and plotting are NumPy (Harris et al., 2020), Jupyter (Granger & Pérez, 2021), Matplotlib (Hunter, 2007), SciPy (Virtanen et al., 2020), and dynesty (Speagle, 2020).International audienceNASA's New Horizons spacecraft discovered fields of sub-parallel sets of steep ridges situated in the high-altitude, low-latitude regions in Pluto's encounter hemisphere called "bladed terrain." Thought to be formed due to sublimational erosion of methane ice, bladed terrain represents an active response of Pluto's landscape to current and past climates. The observation of a strong methane signature within the low latitudes of Pluto's non-encounter hemisphere points to the possibility that this terrain type is also present there. To test this hypothesis, in the absence of high resolution images of Pluto's non-encounter hemisphere, we employ photometric analysis of the methane rich regions. We specifically focus on determining the macroscopic surface roughness in selected images, whose photometric-effect can be apparent even in low-resolution images. We employ the "crater-roughness" photometric model of Buratti and Veverka (1985, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(85)90094-6), which assumes that the surface is covered with parabolic depressions defined by a depth-toradius ratio parameter q (higher q values correspond to rougher surfaces). Despite the high uncertainty in the retrieved roughness values from our analysis, we can safely conclude that the hypothesized bladed terrain region on the non-encounter hemisphere of Pluto is very rough (q = 0.47+0.10-0.11, 2σ), with the median roughness more than twice that of other broad regions of Pluto studied in this work, including the encounter-hemisphere bladed terrain region (q = 0.21+0.08-0.18, 2σ)
Advanced mapping of intertidal macroalgae in Normandy : An Integrated approach based on multi-source data
No full textInternational audienceCoastal zones, at the interface of the atmosphere, continent, and ocean, rank among the most productive and diverse ecosystems globally. These dynamic environments, shaped by numerous factors across spatial and temporal scales, support diverse habitats and organisms, including primary producers. Understanding the spatial distribution, biodiversity, community structure, and vulnerability of coastal habitats is vital for sustainable management under growing anthropogenic pressures.Remote sensing has become indispensable for large-scale habitat mapping. Recent advancements in UAVs and aircrafts equipped with high-precision sensors, such as LiDAR and hyperspectral cameras, offer powerful alternatives to overcome limitations of traditional methods.This study focuses on twelve sites along the Norman coastline, characterized by diverse geological substrates (granite, schist, calcareous rock). Field data and remote sensing outputs were used to characterize the vertical distribution and structure of macroalgal communities. Our innovant approach integrates the Tidal Height Normalization (THN) protocol to neutralize tidal effects, allowing precise analysis of altimetric distribution, geomorphological parameters derived from LiDAR data and spectral signatures from hyperspectral imagery to classify macroalgal belts. Geological information was also incorporated to account for substrate diversity. The methodology employs ensemble modeling to combine multiple predictive models, significantly enhancing accuracy and robustness. This innovant and integrated approach provides a detailed and reliable representation of macroalgal communities, accounting for environmental variability across the Norman coastline
Évaluation des générateurs d'images à partir de peu d'exemples : calculer le FID avec 10 fois moins d'images, c'est possible
No full textInternational audienceFréchet Inception Distance (FID) is a standard evaluation metric for image generation models. Built upon the Wasserstein distance, FID measures the gap between the distribution of generated images and the distribution of real images. However, computing the FID requires a large number of real images, otherwise its reliability drops sharply. This makes evaluating generative models with FID unsuitable for low-data configurations. In this work, we introduce a replacement to FID that is strictly compatible, but that can be used to produce an estimation of the Wasserstein distance even with only a few thousands real images. We replace the classical Wasserstein distance estimator by a variant from random matrix theory (RMT). We show that RMT FID is more robust than classical FID by evaluating the performances of StyleGAN2 on two datasets: CIFAR-10 and AFHQ-Cats.La distance Inception de Fréchet (Fréchet Inception Distance ou FID) est une métrique standard pour l'évaluation des modèles génératifs images. Construite sur la distance de Wasserstein, le FID mesure l'écart entre la distribution des images générées et celle des images réelles. Cependant, le FID nécessite une grande quantité d'images réelles pour être calculé de façon fiable. Cela rend son utilisation peu adaptée à l'évaluation de modèles génératifs entraînés sur peu de données. Dans cet article, nous proposons un remplacement au FID, strictement compatible, mais qui produit une estimation fiable de la distance de Wasserstein avec quelques milliers d'images seulement. Plus précisément, nous remplaçons l'estimateur classique de la distance de Wasserstein par une variante issue de la théorie des matrices aléatoires (RMT). Nous montrons que le RMT FID est plus robuste que le FID classique au travers de l'évaluation des performances de StyleGAN2 sur deux jeux de données : CIFAR-10 et AFHQ-Cats
Foreign policy and place branding
No full textInternational audienceThis manuscript demonstrated the relationship between place branding and foreign policy. Integral to governmental public diplomacy initiatives to engage and persuade target audiences, place branding is one way to make a nation’s culture, economy, education, social life, and political ideas and policies more attractive. Therefore, place branding integrates public policies related to a specific region with internationalization strategies and efforts in the private sector. By mobilizing several illustrative cases, this article identified two critical roles of place branding practices in foreign policy implementation: 1) The place-industry-product nexus contributes to the international competitiveness of a specific region in terms of economy, industry, and business; 2) Place branding involves building international image and reputation of a country, promoting soft power statecraft
Éco-anxiété: Etat des lieux en France, seuils de préoccupation clinique
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Les écrits au travail comme supports de subjectivation. Une analyse des appuis socio-matériels du développement psychologique au travail
No full textInternational audienceSchreibpraktiken sind ein wiederkehrendes Merkmal moderner Arbeitsplätze. Auf der Grundlage von Aktionsforschung in einem Callcenter im Gesundheitswesen befasst sich dieser Beitrag mit der Beziehung zwischen organisatorischem Wandel und psychologischer Entwicklung. Insbesondere konzentrieren wir uns auf Schreibpraktiken und schriftliche Dokumente als Mittel zur Subjektivierung und Unterstützung der Transformation der Tätigkeit von Teleoperatoren. Unsere Forschungsperspektive stützt sich auf die Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) und situierte Handlungsmodelle. Unser ethnografischer Ansatz für das Call Center beleuchtet die Entwicklung der „Fälle“, die vom sozialen Team der Plattform bearbeitet werden. Die Analyse konzentriert sich sowohl auf die situierten Interaktionen als auch auf die Aktivität in ihrer sozio-historischen Dynamik. Unsere Ergebnisse beleuchten die sozialen und materiellen Bedingungen der Entwicklung des Gegenstands der Tätigkeit. Wir zeigen, wie Worte und Schriften die Neupositionierung der Telefonisten des Sozialdienstes unterstützen und damit die Entwicklung ihrer beruflichen Perspektive fördern.Writing practices are a recurrent feature of modern workplaces. Building upon action research conducted within a health call center, this paper addresses the relationship between organizational change and psychological development. In particular, we focus on writing practices and written documents as means of subjectivation and support for the transformation of the teleoperators’ activity. Our research perspective draws upon Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) and situated action models. Our ethnographic approach of the call center highlights the trajectory of the “cases” dealt with by the social team of the platform. The analysis focuses on both the situated interactions and on the activity in its socio-historical dynamics. Our results highlight the social and material conditions of the development of the object of the activity. We show how words and writings sustain the repositioning of the call operators of the social service and thus support the development of their professional perspective.La palabra escrita es una característica recurrente del trabajo terciario. Basado en una investigación-acción en un centro de llamadas especializado, este artículo examina la relación entre el cambio organizativo y el desarrollo psicológico. Más concretamente, examinamos la escritura en el lugar de trabajo como medio de subjetivación y apoyo a la transformación del puesto de teleoperador. Para ello, nos basamos en la psicología histórico-cultural de la actividad y la acción situada. Nuestro enfoque etnográfico reconstruye la trayectoria de los “casos” tratados por el servicio social de la plataforma. El análisis combina un enfoque situado de las interacciones y una perspectiva sociohistórica de la actividad. Nuestros resultados ponen de relieve las condiciones materiales e interaccionales en las que se amplió el ámbito de actividad de los profesionales. Mostramos cómo las palabras y los escritos contribuyen a consolidar el reposicionamiento de los profesionales del servicio social y apoyan el desarrollo de su perspectiva profesional.L’écrit constitue une caractéristique récurrente du travail tertiaire. En nous appuyant sur une recherche-action au sein d’un centre d’appels spécialisé, cet article problématise les rapports entre changement organisationnel et développement psychologique. Plus précisément, nous interrogeons les écrits au travail comme support de subjectivation et appui à la transformation du métier de téléopérateur. Pour ce faire, nous mobilisons la psychologie historico-culturelle de l’activité et l’action située. Notre démarche ethnographique restitue la trajectoire des « affaires » traitées par le service social de la plate-forme. L’analyse conjugue une approche située des interactions et une perspective socio-historique de l’activité. Nos résultats mettent en exergue les conditions matérielles et interactionnelles de l’élargissement de l’objet de l’activité des professionnels. Nous montrons en quoi paroles et écrits participent à consolider le repositionnement des professionnels du service social et constituent des supports au développement de leur perspective professionnelle
A Century of Functional Data Analysis
No full textInternational audienceJ.O. Ramsay’s presidential address to the Psychometric Society conference in 1982 is often considered to mark the start of the development of functional data analysis as a specific field of statistics. The roots of functional data analysis are much older and sometimes little-known, such as R.A.Fisher’s 1925 paper on integral regression. This talk will pay tribute to a number of pioneers. By placing functional data analysis in relation to functional analysis, we will study the birth of the functional linear model as an ill-posed problem and that of the decomposition attributed to K.Karhunen and M.Loève, but preceded by several years by D.D. Kosambi in 1943. The (Kosambi)-Karhunen-Loève decomposition gave rise to functional principal components analysis developed by J.C. Deville in 1974, but ignored by most surveys. Deville extended it later to event history data as a functional generalization of correspondence analysis. This historical account will be supplemented by an overview of current issues in functional data analysis
Associations between degree of food processing and colorectal cancer risk in a large‐scale European cohort
No full textInternational audienceIndustrial food processing has been linked to various health outcomes including cancer. To examine associations between the degree of food processing and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its sub-sites, data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) including 6155 incident CRC cases (n = 450,111 participants), were analyzed. Dietary intakes were assessed using baseline food frequency questionnaires. Foods were classified into culinary ingredients, unprocessed, processed (PFs), and ultra-processed foods (UPFs) according to the Nova classification. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for established CRC risk factors, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) associated with a 10% increase in proportion of consumption (%g/d) of each Nova group. Substitution analysis examined the effect of replacing UPFs and PFs with unprocessed foods on CRC risk. A 10% increase in proportion of UPFs was associated with 6% higher CRC risk (95% CI:1.02-1.10). A positive association was also found between PFs and CRC risk (HR per 10% increase: 1.10 [95% CI, 1.05-1.15]). Conversely, unprocessed food consumption was inversely associated with CRC risk (HR per 10% increase: 0.93[95% CI, 0.90-0.95]). Substitution of 10% of the overall proportion of the diet comprising UPFs or PFs with 10% unprocessed foods was associated with a decreased risk of CRC (HRUPFs: 0.94 [95% CI, 0.90-0.97]; HRPFs: 0.90 [95% CI, 0.86-0.94]). In conclusion, UPF was positively associated with CRC risk while diets richer in unprocessed foods were associated with lower CRC risk. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms by which food processing affects CRC risk