HAL Portal Cnam (French National Conservatory for Arts and Crafts)
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L'organisation de l'action comme mobilisation d'une configuration d'énergies
No full textBlog Innovation pédagogiqueFar from appearing merely as an effort to rationalise and plan the implementation of means in relation to an end, which is the usual social representation, organisational work is the complex task of reconfiguring energy configurations. As such, like ergonomics, it has the status of a discipline that works on work or an activity that works on activity.Loin d’apparaître seulement comme un effort de rationalisation et planification de la mise en œuvre de moyens en référence à une fin, représentation sociale habituelle, le travail d’organisation est le travail complexe, de reconfiguration de configurations d’énergie. A ce titre, il a, comme l’ergonomie, un statut de discipline de travail sur le travail ou d’activité sur l’activité
La discrimination fondée sur l'identité de genre en droit social : la non-binarité, les discriminations algorithmiques et les actions inclusives à partir de l'arrêt CJUE Mousse: CJUE 9 janvier 2025, aff. C-394/23, Mousse
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L’entreprise libérée donne-t-elle du courage ?
No full texthttps://theconversation.com/lentreprise-liberee-donne-t-elle-du-courage-25377
Scientific Opinion of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety on the establishment of dietary guidelines for people following a diet that excludes some or all foods of animal origin (vegetarians)
No full textInternational audienceThis document presents the opinion of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), established from the work of its Working Group on Vegetarian diets and validated by its Expert Committee on Human Nutrition. ANSES issued an internal request to establish dietary guidelines for people who follow a diet that excludes some or all foods of animal origin. Firstly, ANSES conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature to identify epidemiological links between health and various types of vegetarian diets. This systematic review showed that the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is lower with vegetarian than with non‐vegetarian diets. With a lower level of evidence, vegetarians are less likely than non‐vegetarians to develop certain diseases, such as ischaemic heart disease, ovulation disorders, certain types of cancer (prostate, stomach, blood) and certain ophthalmological and gastro‐intestinal diseases. However, they are at greater risk of bone fractures and hypospadias (congenital malformation of the urethra). The epidemiological studies examined showed that vegetarians have a less favourable nutritional status in iron, iodine and vitamins B12 and D, and a poorer calcium and phosphorus balance than non‐vegetarians. Vegans also have a less favourable nutritional status in vitamin B2. ANSES then used dietary optimisation to identify combinations of food groups (state variables) enabling the set objectives to be met, i.e. to reduce nutritional and toxicological risks, while deviating as little as possible from current consumption habits. All the nutritional and toxicological constraints and the criteria (minimisations or maximisations) made it possible to take account of the risks associated with nutrient intakes or exposure to contaminants, as well as the expected nutritional benefits. The systematic review and establishment of dietary guidelines using an optimisation tool show that the lacto‐ovo‐vegetarian diet requires particular attention regarding certain nutrients for which requirements in terms of vitamin D and eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids may not be met. The risk of requirements not being met by the lacto‐ovo‐vegetarian diet is greater than that associated with the diet of non‐vegetarian populations. In addition, lacto‐ovo‐vegetarians limiting their intake of milk and fresh dairy products may not be able to cover their vitamin B12 requirements. Furthermore, with the vegan diet, which excludes all foods of animal origin, it is difficult to meet the dietary reference value for zinc in men
Soutenir la collaboration interprofessionnelle pour gérer l'absentéisme: le boundary work mené par les cadres de santé à l'hôpital public
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Les Ports Territoriaux : ambition, action, anticipation
No full textInternational audienceLes grands ports maritimes s’imposent comme les maillons indispensables des chaînes logistiques globales, participant pleinement aux dynamiques de la mondialisation de l’économie. Objets centraux de la recherche académique et des médias, ces hubs portuaires polarisent toutes les attentions, reléguant les ports territoriaux à une moindre visibilité et reconnaissance. En France, ces derniers représentent 80 % du trafic passagers, 20 % du trafic maritime de marchandises et génèrent près de 27 000 emplois directs et indirects. Véritables maillons de l’organisation portuaire nationale, ils constituent également un levier essentiel de développement pour les territoires.Ce neuvième tome de la collection « Les Océanides », réalisé en partenariat avec l’Association Nationale des Ports Maritimes Territoriaux (ANPMT), réunit des contributions académiques et professionnelles pluridisciplinaires qui proposent des analyses variées sur différents territoires. Gouvernance, sûreté, transition écologique, digitalisation, ou encore enjeux économiques : autant de thématiques abordées pour offrir un regard inédit sur ces ports territoriaux et mettre en lumière leur rôle déterminant. Premier ouvrage à se consacrer spécifiquement à ces acteurs portuaires, il souligne leur importance stratégique et leur diversité
Mutation Rate in Phage lambdaMutation Rate in Phage lambda
No full textInternational audienceNatural acids such as oxalic, formic or lactic acids are used as alternative treatments against Varroa destructor, the parasitic mite of honey bees (Apis mellifera). Lactic acid has recently been shown to impair mites’ grip skills through local action after exposure of adult honey bees. However, little is known about the lethal and sublethal effects of lactic acid on honey bees. In this work, we investigated the effects of chronic oral exposure to lactic acid through a contaminated diet on age-controlled worker bees. We monitored survival under artificial conditions, quantified lactate levels in various worker organs (the digestive tract, the thorax, the fat body, the head and the haemolymph) and analysed the transcriptome of the workers’ heads. Our results indicate that consuming lactic acid at residual concentration (1.5 mg/mL) did not impact the survival. No lactate accumulation was detected in any of the honey bee organs analysed. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis on the bees’ heads revealed no differences in gene expression. While further research on sublethal effects is still needed, this work provides one of the first reports on the off-target effects of lactic acid on honey bee health
Tidal Height Normalization (THN) – A new method to study the local vertical distribution of benthic intertidal organisms: Tidal Height Normalization
No full textInternational audienceVertical zonation of intertidal benthic organisms is a key concept in marine ecology, strongly influenced by tidal range, which determines habitat availability. However, there is no standardized methodology to quantitatively measure and compare zonation across sites with varying tidal influences. However, under different tidal regimes, a given height on the shore will not experience the same emersion times, leading to differences in the vertical distribution of intertidal organisms across sites. To address this, we developed an innovative indicator, Tidal Height Normalization (THN), which normalizes the heights of canopy-forming macroalgae relative to local tidal reference (mean sea level). Six species of Fucales were targeted in four sites representing three different macro- and megatidal regimes. A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) equipped with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning was used to record centimetric elevation data for 4,790 individuals across the four sites. THN redefines the intertidal zone on a scale from 1 to -1. By normalizing the tidal effect, THN highlights local colonization patterns, with three main groups of species, under the influence of site-specific environmental drivers such as hydrodynamics and geomorphology. This approach provides a new baseline for studying intertidal zonation, offering a normalized and transferable method applicable to diverse coastal environments
Integration of experts’ knowledge through Causality Based Neural Networks in predictive modelling of manufacturing processes
No full textInternational audienceIn many industrial processes, deriving high-fidelity physical models is hindered by system complexity,sparse or delayed measurements, and the high-dimensionality and partial unobservability of keyvariables. Practitioners often resort to purely data-driven methods. These methods aim to capturepatterns in the data and predict target variables by minimizing the discrepancy between observed andestimated values. However, this approach typically overlooks fundamental physical laws unlessexplicitly enforced (e.g., conservation laws) and domain expertise. We argue that process engineersinherently reason about systems in terms of structural causal models, combining a graph of cause–effectrelationships among operation units with mechanisms that map causes to effects. In this work, weintroduce a unified framework that embeds both components into neural surrogates. First, we elicitpartial knowledge from experts—topological orderings of variables and adjacency constraints—andrecover the full causal structure via a constrained, differentiable DAG-learning algorithm. Second, weinstantiate a Causality-Based Artificial Neural Network (CBANN), whose modular architecture mirrorsthe learned DAG: each module is a small neural network representing one causal mechanism. We showthat our model generalizes better than knowledge-agnostic data-driven models, such as MLPs, underunseen process conditions