HAL Portal Cnam (French National Conservatory for Arts and Crafts)
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Toward inclusive innovation: The impact of AI on hybrid entrepreneurial landscapes
No full textInternational audienceThis article investigates the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in transforming entrepreneurialecosystems. It focuses on the interactions between formal and informal sectors in Morocco. AI’stransformative potential is attracting growing attention. However, its integration into hybridentrepreneurial settings remains underexplored. The research uses a qualitative case studymethodology. It examines how AI helps entrepreneurs overcome structural barriers. It also showshow AI enhances operational efficiency. Moreover, it allows access to alternative financingmechanisms. The findings highlight AI’s dual impact. It optimizes entrepreneurial practices. Italso fosters synergies between formal and informal actors. However, challenges remain. Theseinclude digital inequalities, high implementation costs, and socio-cultural constraints. This studyoffers concrete recommendations. It contributes both theoretically and practically. It advocates fora more inclusive and sustainable integration of AI. This is especially important in emergingentrepreneurial environments
Energy Optimization for Multi-Band Cellular Networks: A Traffic Prediction-Based Strategy
No full textInternational audienceWe propose in this work a Machine Learning-based carrier shutdown strategy for multi-carrier cellular networks, leveraging probabilistic traffic prediction. We introduce a metric that accounts for the sector-level total load and capacity. This metric empowers our carrier shutdown strategy with the ability to determine the sufficient number of active carriers required to manage the traffic load without service disruption. Moreover, the probabilistic nature of our predictions allows our solution to trade off between energy gains (turning off carriers) and traffic loss (service disruption). Evaluations with a recent live network dataset show that our strategy, even in its most conservative configuration, achieves an energy gain of over 9% without compromising service continuity, outperforming today's carrier shutdown solutions by nearly a factor of 10
AI and Cultural Adaptation: Leveraging MENA Values in Business
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter addresses how artificial intelligence is being tailored to fit the unique cultural fabric of the MENA region and to enhance business practices within the region. It explores the nuances of integrating AI into a business environment that is deeply rooted in tradition and values. The chapter discusses the development of AI systems that are culturally aware, and capable of understanding and respecting linguistic subtleties, social norms, and religious considerations prevalent in Middle Eastern societies. The narrative examines case studies where businesses have successfully implemented AI to cater to local preferences, through culturally sensitive marketing campaigns and customer service bots that communicate effectively in local dialects. It also delves into the role of AI in preserving and promoting cultural heritage, via virtual tourism and digital archiving of historical artifacts. Additionally, the chapter contemplates the ethical dimensions of AI deployment in a region where societal values are paramount, discussing how businesses balance technological advancement with cultural integrity. It concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the potential for AI to not only align with but also enrich the cultural values in Middle Eastern business practices, fostering innovation while maintaining the region’s unique identity
Plateforme microfluidique instrumentée pour l'analyse de la rhéologie sanguine au sein d'un réseau cardiovasculaire
No full textThe objectives of this thesis are situated within the broader framework of advancing personalized medicine, particularly in gene therapy and the creation of predictive models to evaluate treatment efficacy. "Lab-on-chip" and "organ-on-chip" technologies are explored here as innovative solutions to address these complex challenges.The study aims to utilize biomimetic microfluidic devices (Organ-on-Chip) capable of replicating specific physiological environments to develop an accurate model of blood circulation. These devices, equipped with in-house developed electronics, integrate miniaturized sensors for real-time monitoring and analysis of the rheological characteristics of blood flow.The ultimate goal of this thesis is to develop a diagnostic tool that can comprehensively evaluate the effects of gene therapies on red blood cell properties. The integration of impedance sensors for real-time electrical characterization of flow, combined with in situ measurement of hemoglobin concentration on a microfluidic chip, represents a significant technological advancement. This biomimetic system will provide a more refined understanding of vaso-occlusive phenomena and thus contribute to the development of therapies tailored to each patient's specific needs.The prospects of this research include substantial advancements in the field of on-chip biomimicry, microtechnologies, biological medium analysis through bio-impedance, and the integration of specific sensors. This research could also have broader applications in studying pathological mechanisms and personalized therapeutic responses, in collaboration with our partner UMRN (UPEC)Les objectifs de cette thèse s’inscrivent dans le cadre du développement de la médecine personnalisée, en particulier dans les thérapies géniques et la création de modèles prédictifs pour évaluer l'efficacité des traitements. Les technologies de « laboratoires sur puce » (lab-on-chip) et « organes sur puce » sont explorées ici comme solutions innovantes pour répondre à ces enjeux complexes. L’étude vise l’utilisation de dispositifs microfluidiques biomimétiques (Organ-on-Chip) capables de reproduire des environnements physiologiques spécifiques, pour développer un modèle précis de la circulation sanguine. Ces dispositifs, instrumentés par une électronique développée en interne, intègrent des capteurs miniaturisés permettant le suivi et l’analyse des caractéristiques rhéologiques de l’écoulement sanguin en temps réel. Le but ultime de cette thèse est de développer un outil diagnostique qui puisse évaluer de façon détaillée les effets des thérapies géniques sur les propriétés des globules rouges. L’intégration de capteurs d’impédance pour une caractérisation électrique en temps réel de l’écoulement, alliée à la mesure in situ de la concentration en hémoglobine sur une puce microfluidique, constitue une avancée technologique significative. Ce système biomimétique pourra offrir une compréhension plus fine des phénomènes vaso-occlusifs et contribuer ainsi à l’élaboration de thérapies adaptées aux spécificités de chaque patient. Les perspectives de cette recherche incluent des avancées substantielles dans le domaine du mimétisme sur puce, des microtechnologies, de l'analyse des milieux biologiques par bio-impédance et de l’intégration de capteurs spécifiques. Cette recherche pourra également avoir des applications élargies dans l’étude des mécanismes pathologiques et de la réponse thérapeutique personnalisée, avec la collaboration de notre partenaire UMRN (UPEC
Representing choice probabilities by ranking probabilities via entropy maximization
No full textFalmagne's representation problem is revisited, where a unique and explicit probability measure on rankings is obtained by maximizing Shannon entropy under linear constraints ensuring the reproduction of choice probabilities. Unlike Falmagne's recursive construction, we propose an explicit construction of ranking probabilities by applying the Shannon maximum entropy theorem. By transforming the initial system of constraints into an equivalent one via alternating sums, as used in Block and Marschak polynomials, we obtain an explicit analytical expression for ranking probabilities. We derive this representation for the Luce model and generalized extreme value models and show that, for these models, when n ≥ 4, this construction is only one of infinitely many possible representations. Other representations could be obtained by maximizing alternative entropy measures, such as Rényi entropy, opening the possibility of constructing new representations and further highlighting the relevance of this approach. Thus, our paper establishes a promising connection between stochastic choice and information theory
Fault Detection for Lipschitz Nonlinear Systems Using Robust Observer and Ellipsoidal Analysis
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT This article proposes a fault detection method for continuous‐time Lipschitz nonlinear systems via robust observer design and ellipsoidal analysis. First, an augmented system is established by considering the fault as an auxiliary state vector. Then, an observer is designed using performance, which can be applied to generate robust residuals. Then, a residual evaluation method via ellipsoidal analysis is proposed, which is used to check whether the guaranteed estimations of the fault and residual stay confined inside safe regions. Thus, fault detection is achieved through an assessment of a Boolean expression. Finally, two numerical simulation results are given to show the effectiveness and merit of the proposed approach
: Writing research, the body and nature
No full text(Se) former à la recherche en sciences humaines et sociale
Deterministic Color-optimal Self-stabilizing Semi-synchronous Gathering: a Certified Algorithm
No full textInternational audienceWe consider the problem of gathering in finite time and at the same location, not known beforehand, a set of deterministic semi-synchronous robots, starting from an arbitrary initial configuration that may even be bivalent (that is, a configuration where the robots are evenly split on two different locations).This problem is known to be unsolvable when the robots are oblivious, that is, when they cannot remember their past actions. We present a deterministic gathering algorithm where robots may remember and communicate one bit of memory. This bit may be arbitrarily (and adversarially) set in the initial configuration. Our solution is thus memory optimal and self-stabilizing. Its proof of correctness is formally certified by the Coq proof assistant using the Pactole framework
A multi-objective optimization approach for generalized linear multiplicative programming
No full textMultiplicative programming is a fundamental mathematical optimization problem in which the objective function contains a product of several real-valued functions. This paper deals with a class of multiplicative programming, called generalized linear multiplicative programming (GLMP), in which the objective is to minimize the product of two positive linear functions with general positive powers under linear constraints. Since the objective is a typical non-convex function, GLMP may have multiple local minima, making it computationally challenging. To address this, we propose a multi-objective optimization-based approach. By treating each function as an objective to be minimized, we show that a solution of GLMP is necessarily a non-dominated extreme point located on the vertex of the convex hull of the Pareto front. Then, we use a recursive algorithm to determine the set of all non-dominated extreme points. Notice that the solutions of GLMP can be directly extracted from this set. Furthermore, based on the Weighted Sum Method, it requires only solving one linear program in each iteration. Finally, we provide computational results on a specific instance of GLMP with 0-1 knapsack constraints, indicating that our approach is promising
The public health co-benefits of strategies consistent with net-zero emissions: a systematic review
No full textInternational audienceMoving towards net-zero emission societies is projected to provide human health co-benefits. However, the magnitude of these co-benefits is poorly documented and might be context specific. Synthesising the evidence on these co-benefits could enhance the engagement of decision makers and populations in climate mitigation actions. We performed database searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published between database inception and Jan 1, 2024, identifying 3976 papers. Of these, 58 quantitative studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. These 58 papers explored 125 net-zero emission scenarios and considered various pathways by which climate policies can affect human health. Pathways addressing air quality, physical activity, and dietary changes found substantial health co-benefits, with a median mortality reduction of 1·5%. National or sub-national studies showed that net-zero policies would yield substantial local air quality benefits, independently of the actions taken in neighbouring countries. However, these co-benefits varied with explored emission sector, decarbonisation levers, modelling approach, and location. Studies that included a cost-benefit analysis estimated that monetised benefits outweighed the costs of implementing climate policies. This systematic review highlights the need for a standardised framework to assess and compare health impacts of climate mitigation actions across sectors and confirms that achieving net-zero goals supports far-reaching public health policies. TRANSLATION: For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section