HAL Portal Cnam (French National Conservatory for Arts and Crafts)
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Block-PAD: A blockchain-enabled framework for resilient and flexible CBDC transactions leveraging digital identity
No full textInternational audienceIn an economic landscape increasingly dominated by the proliferation of virtual currencies and the rise of digital payments, Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) emerge as a credible payment alternative. CBDCs, researched extensively by both governmental and non-governmental financial institutions, promise to digitize fiat money, making it more efficient, cost-effective, rapid, and financially inclusive. However, realizing such prospects hinges on overcoming challenges that address monetary policy support, privacy, regulatory compliance, security, resilience, and now consumer-desired features. This paper introduces Block-PAD, a novel blockchain-enabled framework specifically designed to enhance the resilience and flexibility of CBDC transactions. Our solution introduces: 1) a full transferable offline payment method (Alice to Bob); 2) A staged (hybrid) offline payment method (Bob to Carla) 3) an end-to-end privacy that aligns with regulatory standards; 4) a security framework assessed by properties of unlinkability, undeniability, clearance, balance integrity, and protection against double spending and incoming; and 5) interoperability between traditional payment schemes and the CBDC paradigm. Leveraging blockchain, privacy accountability description, (PAD), eID wallets, Trusted Execution Environment, and three Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs): blind signature, zk-SNARK, and full homomorphic encryption Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song (CKKS). Block-PAD stands as an innovative solution embodying privacy by design and regulatory compliance. Experimental results demonstrate that our solution delivers exceptional transaction performance with low latency and high throughput, while effectively integrating privacy-enhancing technologies without significant computational overhead. The system also proves robust and scalable, making it highly suitable for real-world retail and micro-payment scenarios
The CO2 + 2,3,4-trimethylpentane and CO2 + 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane binary systems: high–pressure phase equilibria measurements
No full textInternational audienceTwo binary systems containing CO2 and a branched alkane were newly studied in this work: CO2 + 2,3,4-trimethylpentane and CO2 + 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane. Their fluid phase behavior was investigated using a high pressure variable-volume cell and a synthetic method. Saturation pressures were visually measured from (293.15 et 363.15) K and for 10 different CO2 mole fractions for both mixtures. Whatever the considered system, no liquid-liquid immiscibility was observed in this temperature range, suggesting a continuous vapor-liquid critical curve between the pure components critical points. A total of 160 points were acquired: 149 bubble points and 11 dew points. These new experimental data were satisfactory modeled by using the Peng-Robinson equation of state with a temperature-dependent interaction parameter, kij (T), fitted against the data
The relationships to work of young french generation Z
No full textInternational audienceThis exploratory study examines the relationships to work of young French members of Generation Z and highlights their heterogeneity. A total of 273 young people (students with or without a job, young people in an apprenticeship program, young people in employment and unemployed young people) were interviewed using a questionnaire. Their responses were analyzed using a hierarchical classification analysis based on a mixed factorial analysis. In addition, four young people from each cluster were re-interviewed to explain their questionnaire responses. The results reveal four “clusters” according to the factors that young people consider important in their relationships to work. In particular, they highlight two opposing views, i.e., the low or high importance attached to work and the preference for pleasure-seeking or more “materialistic” aspects of work. Practical recommendations for professionals who guide or manage young people are also provided
Interval estimation for continuous-time linear switched systems via ellipsoidal analysis
No full textInternational audienceThis paper proposes a two-step interval estimation approach for continuous-time linear switched systems with unknown but bounded uncertainties. First, a robust observer design method is proposed to obtain point estimation and attenuate the effects of the system uncertainties. Second, based on a system split method, an ellipsoidal analysis method is introduced to provide the smallest enclosures of the estimation error. By merging the interval evaluation of the estimation error with the point estimate provided by the robust observer, the proposed method allows one to obtain a tight interval estimation of the actual state vector with less restrictive and simple design conditions. The proposed method solves the interval estimation problem for switched systems in two cases: switched systems under an arbitrary switching signal and switched systems under an average dwell time switching condition. In terms of accuracy, comparison studies show that the proposed method outperforms some existing methods in the literature
Differences in mean daily intake of macronutrients, caffeine and water by level of mental morbidity
No full textInternational audienceWe investigated macronutrient, caffeine and water intake by mental morbidity level, focusing on pure and comorbid anxiety, insomnia, and eating disorders (ED). This descriptive, cross-sectional study used 2013-2017 data from the NutriNet-Sant & eacute; cohort. Diet was assessed with >= 3 24-hour records; mean daily intake of total energy and % contribution of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids to total energy; total, simple, complex carbohydrates; total, animal, vegetable protein; total lipids, SFA, MUFA, PUFA; cholesterol; caffeine and water was analyzed. Data were weighted using the 2016 French Census, and ANOVA was performed (N = 23,965). Overall, men presenting all 3 mental disorders had the highest % carbohydrates and the lowest % proteins and lipids. The multimorbidity group had the highest obesity rates and caffeine intake across sex; water intake had no dose-response association with mental morbidity. The findings could help generate hypotheses regarding dietary exposures that might play a role in mental multimorbidity risk
Severity of complications is associated with impaired health‐related quality of life in people with type 1 diabetes
No full textInternational audienceAims Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment is increasingly integrated into type 1 diabetes (T1D) monitoring to promote a holistic approach. To investigate HRQoL in adults with T1D and to assess the impact of the severity of complications on HRQoL. Materials and Methods This is a cross‐sectional analysis of baseline characteristics of adults living with T1D included in Société Francophone du Diabète – Cohorte Diabète de Type 1 (SFDT1), a French longitudinal cohort study. HRQoL was assessed using generic (EuroQol 5‐Dimensions 5‐Level questionnaire [EQ‐5D‐5L]) and diabetes‐specific (Audit of Diabetes‐Dependent Quality of Life) instruments. The severity of diabetes complications was measured using an adapted Diabetes Complication Score Index (DCSI) ranging from 0 to 14. We used multiple imputations to deal with missing data. Results We included 1892 adults, 48% women, with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 38 (28; 51) years. The mean overall EQ‐5D‐5L HRQoL score was 71.1 ± 17.7 (maximum 100), with the following number of participants negatively impacted for each domain: 271 (14%) for mobility, 94 (5%) for self‐care, 378 (19%) for usual activities, 853 (45%) for pain/discomfort and 983 (52%) for anxiety/depression. The median (IQR) DCSI was 1 (0; 2). In multivariable models, a one‐step increase in DCSI was associated with a 1.5% decrease in overall EQ‐5D‐5L HRQoL. DCSI was also inversely associated with all domains of the generic scale except anxiety/depression and 17 domains of the diabetes‐specific scale. Conclusions We observed an inverse association between the severity of complications and overall HRQoL and most of its dimensions. Our results highlight the need to reinforce the prevention of complications to improve the overall well‐being of people with T1D
Examining copper supply consistency in socioeconomic pathways: A mine-level dynamic approach
No full textInternational audiencePrimary copper production capacity is crucial given future demand and social, environmental, technical, economic, and political constraints, often overlooked in decarbonization pathway models. To address this, we propose a methodology to examine the consistency of the basic drivers of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for primary copper requirements using the DyMEMDS stock-flow model. Our approach involves projecting primary copper production capacities to 2050 on a mine-by-mine basis, integrating mining industry dynamics based on commercial data. Results indicate significant concerns regarding the consistency of SSPs' basic drivers for copper requirements, revealing potential gaps exceeding 40 Mt in worst-case scenarios. Such discrepancies could impact technology deployments necessary for socioeconomic and decarbonisation assumptions. We recommend that the decarbonization modeling community align scenarios with mining industry constraints. Considering resource efficiency and circular economy strategies is essential for proposing more consistent scenarios to decision-makers, thereby mitigating risks of copper supply shortages hindering climate actio
Recherches sensibles et comportements organisationnels : du dilemme à l’action
No full textFNEGE 3Dans des organisations soumises à un fort environnement concurrentiel, avec un monde du travail de plus en plus fracturé, la prise en considération par les entreprises des sujets sensibles, relevant de questions éthiques (fraude, déviance, jeux de pouvoir), de tabous (addictions), de personnes fragiles (états de santé), désavantagées (discriminations), marginalisées (zone grise de la relation d’emploi) ainsi que de comportements en lien avec la vie privée (violences conjugales) devient aussi prégnante que complexe, faisant souvent écho à des enjeux de RSE. Le courant des « sensitive researches » permet de comprendre les difficultés émotionnelles, managériales et stratégiques, auxquelles sont exposées toutes les parties prenantes (dirigeants, managers opérationnels, salariés, chercheurs, etc.) et de proposer un cadre opératoire pour appréhender les dilemmes rencontrés et analyser les modes d’action appropriés. Ce numéro spécial accueillera des propositions permettant d’analyser, au prisme du sensible, les conduites et modes d’action des acteurs afin de faire avancer la connaissance sur la réalité du sensible au sein des organisations et sur les comportements organisationnels associés autour de trois principales questions : Comment les individus et les collectifs appréhendent-ils les dilemmes et les conduites associés aux sujets sensibles en organisation ? En quoi le sensible amène-t-il à une réflexivité des acteurs sur eux-mêmes, sur les autres et sur les situations ? Dans quelle mesure la situation sensible amène-t-elle à des ajustements, adaptations ou innovations des acteurs
Introduction
No full textInternational audienceÉcrire l’histoire d’un ciel urbain revient à la fois à arracher le ciel à son immuabilité et à l’ancrer dans un territoire particulier. Grâce à des questionnements transversaux, grâce aux jeux d’échelles, cet ouvrage identifie plusieurs reconfigurations mutuelles majeures de l’environnement urbain et du paysage céleste de l’agglomération parisienne depuis 1870, ainsi que certaines évolutions marquantes des rapports entre les citadins franciliens et l’espace qui les surplombe
Validation of Synthetic Method Phase Equilibria Measurements: Re-examination of CO₂ + Methylcyclopentane, CO₂ + 2,2-Dimethylbutane, and Benchmarking with CO₂ + Toluene
No full textInternational audienceRecent publications have reported phase equilibrium data for CO₂ + methylcyclopentane (MCP) and CO 2 + 2,2dimethylbutane using static-analytical sampling methods that are inconsistent with previously published synthetic-method data. To verify the reliability of our earlier measurements, we have repeated vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) experiments for both CO₂ + MCP and CO₂ + 2,2-dimethylbutane in the range 20-90 • C using a high-pressure variable-volume PVT cell with visual observation. Our new data agree within 1-2 bar with the values previously reported by our group, confirming the reproducibility of the synthetic method. To further validate our methodology, we also investigated the CO₂ + toluene system, which has been extensively studied in the literature. Our experimental results are in agreement with reference data, thereby confirming the accuracy of the synthetic technique and of the procedures used for mixture preparation and bubble-point detection. These results support the conclusion that the discrepancies between our data and those obtained by static-analytical methods cannot be attributed to errors inherent to the synthetic technique.</div