BioResources (E-Journal)
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Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Silicon on the Structure and Adsorption Properties of Lignin-Based Spherical Porous Carbon
No full textThe influence of SiO2 on the properties of lignin spherical porous carbon (LSC) was examined. Evidence suggested that the presence of optimal SiO2 contributed to stabilizing the spherical structure of LSC and significantly enhanced LSC’s ability to adsorb antibiotics. Lignin/SiO2 composite microspheres, fabricated through co-precipitation with added sodium silicate, served as precursors for C/SiO2 composite microspheres (LSC-Si(+)). LSC-Si(+) demonstrated excellent adsorption capacity for ciprofloxacin (CIP), sulfadiazine (SDZ), and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). Furthermore, LSC-Si(+) exhibits excellent physicochemical stability and noteworthy recyclability, maintaining high adsorption capacity after five cycles of recycling. Given the benefits of low cost, ease of production, and excellent adsorption performance, LSC-Si(+)-20 holds promise for removing antibiotic contaminants from wastewater
Growth and Physiological Responses of Dendrocalamus asper as Influenced by Different Water Application
No full textBamboo plantations are in high demand in the global market due to bamboo’s versatility and fast-growing nature. Dendrocalamus asper is one of the important species and is utilized in various industries, making it an economically valuable crop. Increasing yields while maintaining effective cost management is essential for planters. However, water stress possesses a significant challenge which can potentially disrupt bamboo growth and its physiological responses and thus the plant productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and physiological responses of D. asper under different water treatments. A total of 45 seedlings were placed in a greenhouse and subjected to three different watering regimes at field capacity. The growth and physiological parameters including culm diameter, plant height, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, and stomatal conductance were measured. The study showed that 100% of water capacity produced the best results for all the growth and physiological parameters measured. The reduction of water significantly reduced the growth of the seedlings, and the increment of water application beyond that point did not contribute to the increment of the plant growth. This indicates that excessive watering of bamboo did not improve growth performance, emphasizing the importance in optimizing water usage and conserving resources for economic sustainability
Heated Wood-Based Ethylene Scavenger for Active Packaging to Prevent Browning of Lentinula edodes
No full textMost mushrooms are sensitive to ethylene, and exposure leads to degradation in mushroom quality, particularly in appearance and organoleptic properties. This study investigated the feasibility of using heated wood for ethylene removal. The hypothesis was that ethylene accumulation can be limited by using heated wood-based ethylene scavengers in mushroom packaging. The applicability and benefits of heated wood-based ethylene scavengers in mushroom home delivery are discussed. The heated wood-based ethylene remover used in the courier maintained the color of Lentinula edodes during transportation. These results were supported by quantitative analysis, in which the ethylene concentration in packaging headspace was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by the wood-based scavenger, and rate of weight change also showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Overall, this heated wood-based ethylene scavenger has potential in terms of mushroom packaging and food shelf-life extension
Impact of Reactive Compatibilizers on the Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/Bamboo Flour Composites
No full textThe preparation of biodegradable wood plastic composites using polylactic acid (PLA) as the matrix and plant flours as the reinforcing phase aligns with the principles of sustainable development. However, there is a large polarity difference and poor compatibility between PLA and plant flours. To improve the performance of PLA/bamboo flour (BF) composites and simplify the process, this study modified PLA using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), methacrylic acid (MAA), and maleic anhydride (MAH) as reactive compatibilizers. Composites were prepared from the modified PLA and BF using the hot-pressing method. The results indicated that all three reactive compatibilizers increased the polarity and surface free energy of PLA. GMA, MAA, and MAH were successfully grafted onto the PLA molecular chain, resulting in the formation of PLA-g-GMA, PLA-g-MAA, and PLA-g-MAH graft copolymers. In addition, the interfacial compatibility between PLA-g-GMA and BF was the best, and the PLA-g-GMA/BF composite had the lowest 24 h water absorption (2.17%). Furthermore, the PLA-g-GMA/BF composite showed the highest bending, tensile and impact strengths of 33.3 MPa, 14.7 MPa, and 1.33 kJ/m2, respectively, which were 63.8%, 104.9% and 4.7% higher than those of untreated PLA/BF composites, respectively
Understanding Sizing Conditions with Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride: Experimental Analysis of pH and Anionic Trash Catcher Effects on Softwood Kraft Pulp
No full textA 32 factorial experimental design was conducted to evaluate the effects of pH and anionic trash catcher (ATC) dosage on Cobb number (1 min), cationic demand, and conductivity in softwood kraft pulp sizing with Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride (ASA). Results indicated that acidic conditions tended to enhance ASA’s reaction with cellulose, leading to superior hydrophobicity (Cobb number, 1 min = 23 g/m² at pH 4.0 and 121 µeq/L cationic demand). Statistical analysis confirmed that pH exerted a stronger influence on ASA performance (p-value 2.0x10-7) compared to ATC dosage (p-value 0.0297), while conductivity had minimal effect. The findings suggest that optimizing ASA application in acid conditions improves water resistance, reducing reliance on high ATC dosages. This study provides valuable insights into ASA application strategies for papermaking, particularly in furnishes that do not require alkaline conditions to retain fillers, by optimizing wet-end chemistry control for enhanced sizing efficiency
A Grounded Theory Analysis of Consumer Perceived Value of Sustainable Bamboo-Woven Fashion Accessories on Chinese e-commerce Platforms
No full textGrounded Theory was employed to analyze consumer perceived value of sustainable bamboo-woven fashion accessories in Chinese e-commerce, emphasizing green consumption behaviors, awareness of resource reuse, and integration of cultural significance. Unlike prior research focusing on design-stage preferences, the study investigated real consumer feedback from e-commerce reviews, social media comments, and interviews. Findings revealed four key perceived value dimensions: functional, emotional, social, and green value. Among them, emotional value (aesthetic experience and design innovation) was indisputably the strongest driver of consumer attitudes, while functional value highlights craftsmanship, durability, and usability. Social value relates to cultural identity and service experience, whereas green value, despite consumer awareness, has a weaker direct impact on purchasing decisions. The study also explored bamboo’s adaptability in sustainable fashion, offering insights for product innovation, material development, and branding strategies. Through addressing post-market consumer demand, it contributes to the integration of eco-friendly craftsmanship into circular fashion and sustainable industries
Effects of Nanocellulose, Cationic Starch, Cationic Polyacrylamide, and Unbleached Softwood Kraft Fibers on the Properties of Recycled Cardboard
No full textSeparate and combined effects of nanocellulose, cationic polyacrylamide, cationic starch, and bleached softwood kraft fibers were evaluated when producing recycled packaging fluting paper. The focus was on enhancing the structural integrity and performance of this paper product, which is essential for packaging applications. Treatments included 10% refined bleached softwood kraft pulp, 5% cellulose nanofibers, 2% cationic starch, and 0.2% cationic polyacrylamide. Combined treatments involved 5% cellulose nanofibers with 2% starch and 5% cellulose nanofibers with 0.2% cationic polyacrylamide. Handsheets with a grammage of 127 g/m² were produced and tested for physical, mechanical, and microscopic properties. Results showed that these additives, either independently or in combination, improved the properties of the paper. The combination of 5% nanocellulose and 0.2% cationic polyacrylamide yielded the highest density and tensile strength, along with the lowest water absorption. This treatment also enhanced critical strengths in the ring crush and corrugated medium tests, making it optimal for packaging paper production. Electron microscopy revealed reduced porosity in handsheets from combined treatments, which may negatively impact water absorption. Further research is needed to optimize these additives while addressing their effects on water absorption
Effect of Soy Protein on the Toughness and Bonding Performances of Cold-Setting Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesive
No full textThe effects of adding defatted soybean flour (SF) at different stages of the “alkali-acid-alkali” process were studied relative to the viscosity, impact toughness, bonding strength, and water resistance of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin. The results showed that the influence of SF on the strength properties and water resistance of the resin exhibited distinct stage-specific and dosage-dependent characteristics. In the first stage, an appropriate amount of SF (4% to 6%) significantly improved the resin’s viscosity, impact toughness, and bonding strength, demonstrating good toughening and strengthening effects. In the second stage, the addition of SF led to more complex and somewhat unstable effects on viscosity and impact toughness. In the third stage, a moderate amount of SF (2% to 6%) evidently enhanced bonding strength, but high dosages (8% and 10%) resulted in a decrease in water resistance and impact toughness
Ancient Wooden Covered Bridge in Taoyuan, China – A Mechanical Analysis
No full textWooden covered bridges attract attention due to their architectural appearance and manufacturing technique. In this study, an ancient wooden covered bridge in Taoyuan, China, has been investigated, mainly with respect to its construction form and mechanical behavior. First, the same type of raw material used for the bridge, namely, beech, was tested to obtain its mechanical properties. Then, the material experimental values were used in a finite element model to study the mechanical behavior of the bridge, and the stress state and internal forces of the bridge were obtained. The numerical results indicate that the maximum deflection of the bridge of 10.73 mm under gravity load meets the requirements of not exceeding L/600 in the specification while it reaches 15.62 mm under both the gravity load and crowd load, exceeding the limit by 1.3%. The maximum and minimum normal stress of 1.13 MPa and -2.03 are much less than the ultimate tensile and compression strength of the wood, respectively. This means that the structural safety performance of the ancient wooden covered bridge is acceptable if the pedestrian number be controlled effectively. Finally, some tiny damage of the bridge was apparent. Some suggestions were provided according to the numerical results and the complex actions of long-term loads and a severe environment on the bridge to preserve this old historical bridge
Effect of Fe (III) Addition on Ammonium Loss and Associated Microbial Gene Expression in Soils
No full textThe combined effects of temperature, Fe (III) contents, NH4+-N contents, and soil-liquid ratio were evaluated relative to the loss of NH4+-N in soils using a response surface methodology (RSM). The microbial mechanisms were explored for nitrogen transformation by quantifying functional genes related to nitrification and denitrification. According to parameter optimization analysis for prediction equation, the maximum NH4+-N loss was 86.1% under the conditions of 17.0 °C, 0.772 g·kg-1 Fe (III), 21.9 mg·kg−1 NH4+-N, and soil: liquid ratio of 1:1. The prediction result was similar to experimental data in the current study, which the NH4+-N loss was 83.2% under the condition of 25 °C, 0.723 g·kg-1 Fe (III), 20 mg·kg−1 NH4+-N, and soil-liquid ratio of 1:1. While the N2O flux reached its minimum value of 8.35 μg·m⁻²·h-¹ under the experimental conditions, correlating with gene copy numbers for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria ammonia monooxygenase subunit A gene (AOB-amoA), and nitrite reductase genes (nirK) were maximum values of 4.5×105 and 4.8×105 copies·g-1, respectively. NH₄⁺-N loss resulted from multiple interacting processes beyond ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) mediated oxidation. The research findings can provide insights for reducing nitrogen application to avoid NH4+ toxicity and increasing soil planting suitability