BioResources (E-Journal)
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Mango Kernel-Derived Porous Carbon Confines Nano-NiO as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrode for Supercapacitors
No full textIn order to develop high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials, a two-step method of hydrothermal in-situ synthesis and high-temperature activated pore creation was used to realize the highly dispersed loading of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO) on mango kernel-based activated carbon (AC) with a high specific surface area for the preparation of NiO/AC composites. Electrochemical tests showed that the NiO/AC achieved a specific capacitance of 226.5 F g-1 at a current density of 0.2 A g-1, demonstrating excellent multiplicative performance and cycling stability (95.8% capacitance retention after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles). This performance stems from the stabilized multilayered pore structure that reduces the particle size of NiO and builds fast ion/electron transport channels to realize the dual advantages of double layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance. The present synthesis strategy is universal (compatible with multifunctional porous carbon precursors and metal oxides) and can provide new ideas for the design of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes
Effects of NanoClay and Coupling Agent on Mechanical Properties of Picea Flour/Polypropylene/NanoClay Composite
No full textIn this research, effect of nanoclay cloisite 30B and Coupling agent MAPP on mechanical properties of wood plastic composite that produced from picea flour/ poly propylene/ nanoclay inspected. for this propose, we used picea wood flour in constant level of 40%, MAPP in two levels of 2% and 4% and nanoclay in 4 levels of 0, 1, 3 and 5%. Next, wood plastic nano composite constructed by using of injection moulding method, and mechanical tests containing tensile, bending and impact performed on samples. Results showed that tensile strength and flexural strength and flexural modulus of composite enhance by increasing nanoclay and MAPP. Structural studies of wood plastic nano composite by diffraction of x ray also showed that distribution of nanoclay particles in polymer field is intercalation, and distance of between layers increase by enhancing of nanoclay particles amount
Preparation of Lignin-based Carbon Microporous Materials Using Cesium Chloride and Characterization
No full textA carbon adsorbent material with a specific surface area of 342 m²/g was prepared via chemical activation, using lignin as the raw material and CsCl as the activator. The adsorbent’s structure was characterized and its performance for methylene blue solution was investigated. Additionally, adsorption experiments of crystalline violet dye were conducted at different temperatures to study the adsorption thermodynamics. The results indicated that the prepared activated carbon material featured a smooth surface with abundant pores. Its adsorption capacity for methylene blue reached 161 mg/g, enabling rapid and efficient adsorption of methylene blue solution. Additionally, it exhibited excellent adsorption performance for crystalline violet solution: at 40 °C, the saturated adsorption capacity reached 243 mg/g with a removal of 93%, and the adsorption process was confirmed to be a spontaneous thermodynamic reaction. The experiments confirmed that CsCl can serve as an activator for activating lignin-based raw materials to prepare carbon samples
Redesign of the Ming-Style ‘Warped Table’ Based on Kansei Needs of Contemporary Users Using an SD–FA–QFD Method
No full textFor contemporary users’ emotional demands and the promotion of Ming-style furniture, which has cultural value, this paper studies the Ming-style ‘Warped Table’. A systematic re-design process is provided, consisting of Kinaesthetic Engineering (KE), Semantic Differential (SD), Factor analysis, Likert-weighted scoring, and Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Affective assessment was carried out by using SD questionnaires and text mining. Perceptual factor analysis yielded four major dimensions of perception, including ‘Material Warmth’ (29.9%), ‘Functional Serenity’ (25.4%), ‘Resilient Grace’ (22.9%), and ‘Fluid Elegance’ (21.9%). Relative importance was computed by the Likert Weighting method. Afterwards, a ‘sensory demand-design element’ mapping model was created with QFD, in which 7.9% were table-top and 7.2% legs as significant design elements. Modular redesign has been carried out, maintaining the traditional stylistic language “simple, elegant, and graceful” together with the mortise-and-tenon craft, but with new manufacturing logic and user sensory desires. The methodology realizes quantitative analysis and parametric translation of traditional furniture imagery, greatly improving the product’s cultural and emotional display, and gives a series of system references for related design work
The Sometimes Antisocial Nature of Nanofibrillated Cellulose and Some Other Papermaking Fiber Surfaces
No full textThe word “antisocial” appears to well describe some aspects that have been observed when nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) has been added to papermaking fiber suspensions, in combination with some chemical additives that are commonly used in that process. The analogies of folded hands or a clenched fist can be used to convey a hypothesis of an inability of certain cellulosic fibrils to become engaged in a microscopic three-dimensional structure, which appears to be essential for the development of paper strength. Though this editorial points to some important drawbacks of NFC as an additive for conventional papermaking, it also sheds more light on the wisdom of conventional pulp refining technology. One can envision refining partly as a way to activate cellulosic nanofibrils at the fiber surfaces such that they are ready to intertwine with each other efficiently at a nano scale during the formation of the sheet. In this way they can achieve a favorable combination of dewatering rate, efficient of retention of the fibrillated matter, and notable increases in strength properties
Hydrophobicity of Alkyl Ketene Dimer-Modified Microfibrillated Cellulose Film
No full textMicrofibrillated cellulose (MFC) is a promising bio-based material owing to its excellent mechanical, optical, and barrier properties. However, its inherent hydrophilicity limits its applicability in moisture-sensitive environments. In this study, the surface hydrophobicity of MFC films was enhanced by incorporating an alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) and thermal curing. MFC was prepared from hardwood bleached kraft pulp via high-pressure homogenization to fabricate AKD-modified MFC films using vacuum filtration. The water contact angles of the AKD-modified MFC films were measured after thermal curing to determine the optimum manufacturing conditions for MFC film hydrophobicity. The presence of the AKD in the MFC matrix was confirmed by the appearance of alkyl chain C–H stretching bands in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra. The water contact angle measurements showed that the addition of AKD alone improved the hydrophobicity but did not yield contact angles greater than 90°. However, with subsequent thermal curing at 105 °C, the contact angles increased significantly, reaching 104° under optimal conditions. The highest hydrophilicities were achieved with 2% AKD and 30 min curing and with 3% AKD and 10 min curing. These findings demonstrated that thermal curing was essential for activating the hydrophobic potential of AKD and achieving uniform, water-repellent MFC films
Low-cost and Sustainable Bioadsorbent from Banana Peel Waste for Crystal Violet Dye Removal
No full textA direct comparison was made between raw banana peel waste (RBPW) and acid-treated banana peel waste (ABPW), under identical conditions, for adsorption of crystal violet (CV). Sorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics were considered to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The effects of contact time, pH, initial CV concentration, temperature, and adsorbent dosage were evaluated. The sorption process obeyed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while the Langmuir isotherm model best explained the equilibrium data with maximum adsorption capacities. The Dubinin–Radushkevich model supported the potential of ion-exchange mechanisms for the acidified sample. Adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic, as revealed by negative Gibbs free energy, positive enthalpy (+16.4 kJ/mol for RBPW and +53.5 kJ/mol for ABPW) and positive entropy (RBPW = 6.79 J/mol·K and ABPW = 14.65 J/mol·K) values. The lower ΔH for the raw peel is more consistent with physisorption, while higher ΔH of the acid-treated peel suggests stronger interactions consistent with chemisorption/ion-exchange. The FT-IR analysis confirmed that functional groups such as –OH, –COOH, C=O, C-O, and possibly aromatic moieties on banana peel waste are involved in the sorption of CV. The enhanced performance of ABPW is attributed to acid-induced surface modifications that increased porosity, making the functional groups available for sorption process
Mathematical Modeling and Machine Learning Approaches for Biogas Production from Anaerobic Digestion: A Review
No full textAnaerobic digestion (AD) is a widely recognized method for converting organic waste into biogas, offering a sustainable solution for both waste management and renewable energy generation. This review critically examines recent advancements in mathematical modeling and machine learning (ML) approaches applied to biogas production from AD processes. The study categorizes the models into daily and cumulative biogas production models, kinetic models, and hybrid AI-based predictive techniques. Special attention is given to the comparative evaluation of first-order kinetics, modified Gompertz, and Chen-Hashimoto models, highlighting their applicability and limitations. Furthermore, the integration of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and other ML algorithms is discussed in the context of optimizing biogas yield, understanding system dynamics, and reducing operational uncertainties. Research gaps are identified, including the need for more robust hybrid models, real-time monitoring systems, and studies under diverse feedstock and environmental conditions. The review emphasizes that combining traditional modeling with intelligent systems offers a powerful approach to enhancing AD performance and scaling sustainable energy solutions
Assessing the Future of Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani) as a High-Value Timber Species under Climate Uncertainty
No full textTaurus cedar is a valuable tree species that is widely used in industrial forestry due to its high-quality, durable, and workable wood, making it preferred in furniture, construction, and wood technology sectors. Recognizing its economic and ecological importance, afforestation efforts have been carried out by the Isparta Regional Directorate of Forestry since 2009 to expand its distribution. However, climate change poses a severe threat to sustainable forestry and forest industries worldwide, with extreme events including heatwaves, irregular precipitation, water stress, and floods. This study aimed to model and map the current and future (to year 2100) distribution of Taurus cedar in the Isparta region under various climate scenarios using the MaxEnt. The model performance showed high prediction accuracy (AUC values) and the variables affecting the distribution were precipitation seasonality, elevation, precipitation of the driest quarter and landform index. Simulation results indicated that the combined percentage of suitable and highly suitable distributions currently stands at approximately 70% but is projected to decline by about 20% under the SSP 8.5 scenario. Comparing current and future projections revealed an estimated 71.5% reduction in Taurus cedar distribution. These findings stress the urgent need for conservation and adaptation measures to protect Taurus cedar from climate change and ensure its long-term survival
Physiological and Biochemical Processes in the Exogenous Administration of Selenium Nanoparticles and Selenium/Copper Oxide Nanocomposite to Reduce Salt Stress in Zea mays L.
No full textResearch on nanoparticles (NPs) is gaining increasing popularity as a way to enhance abiotic stress tolerance and improve crop productivity. This study assessed the effects of foliar spray of selenium NPs (Se NPs) and selenium/copper oxide nanoparticles (Se/CuO NPs) at 50 and 100 ppm on the growth and biochemical characteristics of Zea mays L. plants grown under saline stress conditions (100 mM). Se NPs and Se/CuO NPs were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The Se NPs and Se/CuO NPs were found to have an average particle size of 135.2 and 75.1 nm using the ImageJ tool. Shoot and root lengths, chlorophyll levels, protein, phenols, and flavonoids were all investigated in this study. Plant growth and chlorophyll concentration dropped under salt stress but were improved with the application of Se and Se/CuO NPs. The enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase exhibited the highest values at 100 ppm of Se/CuO NPs, of 74.4, 132.1, and 43.2 mmol/g, respectively. Se and Se/CuO NPs reduced stress and increased chlorophyll. ZnO-NPs improved maize plants' resistance to the unfavorable effects of saline soils. Finally, plant metabolism and abiotic stress tolerance were improved by Se and Se/CuO NPs