BioResources (E-Journal)
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Surface Damage Mechanism and Chip Curling Analysis of Orthogonal Cutting Wood-Plastic Composites
No full textThe machining processing of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) has some technological gaps in the field of surface damage mechanism and surface quality monitoring. In this study, orthogonal cutting tests were used to investigate the mechanisms of surface damage and the degree of chip (the material cutting off by cutting tool) curling of WPCs with various tool rake angles (from 5 ° to 40 °) and cutting depths (from 0.1 to 1 mm). Based on observations of the processed surface micromorphology, a surface damage model is proposed to describe the temperature-dependent reduction in adhesion force between polyethylene and wood flour. Chip curling was quantified by the point curvature in the side view. The curvature data for each chip point were negatively correlated with the depth of cut, but the relationship with the tool rake angle was less pronounced. The surface damage mechanism of WPCs during machining was revealed, providing a theoretical basis for improving surface quality through material formulation. The analysis of chip curvature offers theoretical support for the dynamic observation of chip morphology and elucidates the relationship between chip morphology, cutting depth, and tool rake angle. These findings can serve as a foundation for monitoring cutting precision in practical production
Characterization of the Vascular Bundles in Thyrsostachys oliveri
No full textThe characteristics of vascular bundles vary significantly across different heights in bamboo. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of vascular bundles is crucial for the identification and efficient utilization of bamboo materials. In this work, the structure and type of vascular bundles in Thyrsostachys oliveri at different heights were investigated. The results revealed substantial differences in the types of vascular bundles in T. oliveri at various heights within the bamboo. The radial diameter exhibited no significant differences in the radial variation of fiber sheath area at different heights, whereas the tangential diameter showed differences in the radial variation between the upper and lower middle parts of the bamboo. This study provides insights into the structural variations of vascular bundles in T. oliveri at different heights, which are beneficial for optimizing the use of bamboo materials in various applications
The Effect of Digestate from Biogas Plants Alone and with the Addition of Biochar and Zeolite on Soil Properties and Sorghum Yield
No full textThis article examines the effect of digestate from biogas plants, as well as its combinations with biochar and zeolite, on soil properties, sorghum yield, and heavy metal accumulation. The experiment was carried out in an experimental field in Czeslawice (Poland). The results showed that the incorporation of digestate increased the organic matter content, improved the availability of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), and improved the soil pH. The addition of biochar was demonstrated to support the stabilization of nutrients and limit the bioavailability of heavy metals. In contrast, zeolite has been observed to enhance the mineral content of the soil, although it has also been noted that this can result in an increase in sodium and heavy metal content. The highest sorghum biomass production was obtained in soils with digestate from biogas plants and biochar, while the addition of zeolite reduced the yield. Therefore, the study confirmed that natural additives have different effects on the soil. The utilization of waste material in agriculture requires monitoring of soil quality and the judicious selection of organic waste additives. The results indicate the potential of these additives to promote sustainable agriculture and the circular economy
Moringa Gum-derived Polymeric Carbon Dots for Antimicrobial Activity
No full textThe scientific community is actively developing innovative nanomaterials with broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. In this study, moringa gum-derived polymeric carbon dots (MGCDs) were synthesized via a rapid and eco-friendly microwave irradiation technique using aqueous moringa gum as the precursor. The resulting MGCDs exhibited strong green fluorescence under UV light, with a UV-Vis absorption peak at ~290 nm and excitation-dependent fluorescence at 360 nm. They demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, achieving 87% DPPH scavenging efficiency at 0.9 mg/mL, comparable to ascorbic acid. Zeta potential analysis confirmed high colloidal stability, with values of 29 ± 0.9 mV (DI water), 30 ± 0.8 mV (SBB), 28 ± 9 mV (PBS), and 23 ± 0.8 mV (DMEM). Hydrodynamic sizes ranged from 86 ± 3 nm to 135 ± 4 nm, indicating solvent-dependent dispersion. TGA showed high thermal stability, while XRD confirmed an amorphous carbon structure with a broad peak at 22°. MGCDs demonstrated the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, resulting in inhibition zones of 17.4 ± 0.8 mm and 15.2 ± 0.6 mm, respectively, at 40 mg/mL. Their multifunctionality, simple synthesis, and cost-effectiveness highlight their potential in bioimaging, antimicrobial applications, and fluorescent materials
Nanocomposites of ZnO/CuO/Se Synthesized by Schinus terebinthifolia Biomass and their Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Anti-H. pylori, and Anti-obesity Properties
No full textA watery extract of Schinus terebinthifolia leaves was used as the source for producing a nanocomposite of ZnO/CuO/Se (NC ZnO/CuO/Se). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy-energy were employed to characterize NC ZnO/CuO/Se. Based on the TEM investigation, the nanoparticles had an average size between 40.9 and 50.2 nm. NC ZnO/CuO/Se had potent anti-H. pylori activity, as evidenced by a zone of inhibition of 34.3 mm. The NC ZnO/CuO/Se successfully inhibited H. pylori (MIC = 15.6 μg/mL) and showed better antimicrobial activity in comparison with the control. At 75% of MBC, it dramatically decreased the production of bacterial biofilms (91.1% inhibition). High antioxidant qualities were demonstrated by the NC ZnO/CuO/Se (> 88% in the DPPH assay). It demonstrated outstanding enzyme inhibition capacity against lipase, with an IC50 of 41.66 ug/mL. The IC50 value of NC ZnO/CuO/Se against normal cell lines (WI38) was 593.08 ± 2.35 µg mL–1, which is a high dose. From the overall results, NC ZnO/CuO/Se exhibited favorable biological effects in vitro as a wide-spectrum treatment for various medical uses
Upgrading Recycled Paper Using Astragalus gossypinus Tragacanth Gum as a Bio-based Additive
No full textUsing environmentally friendly additives has been considered widely in different industries, especially papermaking, which has a high dependency on additives. The current study focused on applying a plant-based gum obtained from Astragalus gossypinus (a well-known plant in some regions of the world, especially Iran) in the papermaking process. The gum characterization showed a high content (about 84%) of carbohydrates (mainly hemicellulose with xyloarabinan monomers in the main chain and about 8% of uronic acid in the side chains), low ash content (2.58%) and insignificant protein content. FTIR spectra confirmed the structural results. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity of tragacanth gum were 4867 × 103 g/mol and 1.423, respectively. Considering the mechanical strengths results, applying the gum in recycled pulp improved tensile, burst, bending, and tear indices significantly. Moreover, fines retention experienced a significant increment by applying up to 2% of the gum. The pulp drainage decreased consequently by increasing the dosage of gum. The FESEM images confirmed the higher retention and bonding in paper structure by applying the gum. The results seem to open a new door for the application of different plant gums as a green additive for papermaking industries
Effect of Pore Size of Activated Carbons Produced from Different Wood Waste on the Leakage of Phase Change Material-based Composites
No full textA shape-stabilized lauric acid-activated carbon composite was prepared using a one-step impregnation method. Activated carbon (AC) was produced from different wood waste (Scots pine (Pi) and poplar (Pop)), and lauric acid (LA) was used as a phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage. Wood waste from Scots pine and poplar was activated with phosphoric acid (A) and zinc chloride (S) at 600 °C for 90 min to produce AC. The AC was examined by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and the properties of the LA/AC composites were investigated by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscope (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TG), and thermal conductivity. The BET surface area of the produced AC was 1050, 1130, 625 m2/g, and 746 m2/g for PiA, PiS, PopA, PopS, respectively. The porous structure of AC reduced the leaching of LA during phase change. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed a latent heat capacity of 29 J/g and a melting temperature of 48.9 °C for the LA/AC composite. The DSC results indicated that the composites exhibited the same phase change characteristics as those of the LA and their latent heats decreased. The TG results indicated that the AC could improve the thermal stability of the composites. Thermal conductivity decreased by 7.48% in PiA-PCM samples but increased by 6.86% in the PopS-PCM by AC
Recent Advances in the Inhibition of Wood-Degrading Fungi, Insects, and Enzymatic Attack Using Nanotech Solutions: A Review
No full textWood is a widely used natural material in various industries due to its availability and versatility. In recent years, nanotechnology has been explored as a promising approach to improve wood durability and resistance against biological degradation. Studies on wood preservation using nanoparticles (NPs) have focused on enhancing wood’s resilience to weathering and biological deterioration, as well as increasing its fire resistance. Nanosized metals can effectively preserve wood by penetrating deeply into it. Applications of nanotechnology may increase wood’s resilience to fungus-induced deterioration. This review concentrates on the efficacy of NPs in enhancing the qualities of wood and wood-derived goods and shielding them from biological degradation, including fungal decay and enzymatic breakdown of wood
Tannin-based Polyurethane Coating for Quality Improvement of Roof Tiles Composite
No full textRoof tiles come in various forms and are crucial to residential construction. A roof tile composite offers the market a selection of superior roof tile products in terms of strength, low density, and environmental friendliness. This research aimed to improve the surface performance and durability of sorghum bagasse-based roof tile composite (SBRTC) through surface coating with natural polymer. Sorghum bagasse was made into roof tile composite using a mixture of molasses and citric acid adhesives (50:50) with a target density of 0.6 g/cm3. Furthermore, the SBRTC surface was coated with tannin–polyurethane at different concentrations (10%, 20%, and 30%), and the results were compared with both uncoated and polyurethane-coated samples. The parameters tested included physical and mechanical properties, surface characteristics, and durability against termite and brown-rot fungi. The result showed increasing density, dimensional stability, mechanical properties, and durability. At the same time, the moisture content decreased. Surface performance exhibits a decrease in the average surface roughness (Ra) value, indicating a smoother surface of roof tile composite after surface coating. Furthermore, a high contact angle, low K-value, and low wettability were achieved. It indicates a more hydrophobic surface. The optimal tannin concentration in the coating solution was 20%
Applied Design of Corrugated Board Properties to Mitigate Puncturing in Parcel Handling Distribution Chains
No full textCorrugated board boxes are used for the majority of parcel shipments. These boxes, particularly in e-commerce shipments, often suffer damages such as crushing and puncturing. Puncture-related damage can lead to product damage, customer dissatisfaction, and costly returns. While holes in boxes due to rough handling in the distribution chain are common, there is no standardized method for designing corrugated board properties to resist puncturing, particularly by selecting appropriate paper materials without extensive laboratory testing. This study demonstrates how commonly measured properties can be leveraged to optimize corrugated board paper combinations, tailoring them to minimize the occurrence of holes, as well as general damage, during distribution