BioResources (E-Journal)
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Optimization of Edge Banding Process Parameters Used for Particle Board and Medium Density Fiberboard
No full textThis study determined the factors affecting peeling strength performance of edge bands, an important element of the furniture industry, and improved peeling strength performance by optimizing these factors. The independent variables were material types, amount of adhesive, feed speed, and temperature, while the dependent variable was the peeling strength. A central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate the optimal process parameters to achieve a maximum peeling strength for medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and particle board (PB). These materials were prepared using different feed speeds, temperatures, and amounts of adhesive. The CCD design based on the desirability function approach successfully achieved the optimal process parameters. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined the significant parameters on the peeling strength of edge banding. Maximum MDF and PB edge banding peeling strength values were calculated as 0.0706 and 0.0673 N/mm2, respectively. In the edge banding process applied using optimum parameter levels, an increase of 8.8% and 7.17% was achieved in the peeling strength of PB and MDF samples, respectively
Application of Vibrational Methods in Wood Performance Testing: A Short Review
No full textVibrational methods, which are widely recognized non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for timber, have garnered significant attention due to their ease of use, broad applicability, and reliable data output. These methods analyze the vibrational response of wood to external stimuli to assess its mechanical properties and internal structure. With advancements in sensor technology, signal processing, and computer simulation, the role of the vibrational methods in timber inspection has been largely expanded, enhancing both the scientific application and quality assurance of timber. This paper provides a comprehensive review of applications of vibrational methods in timber performance evaluation, focusing on its vibrational characteristics, underlying principles, and utility in detecting the physical and mechanical properties as well as internal defects of timber. Furthermore, potential future trends are discussed. Through analysis and research, valuable insights into the evolution of non-destructive timber testing technology are aimed to be provided by this review, and technological innovation in the timber industry is encouraged
Sonic Heritage and Acoustic Profiling of the Gendang Kecapi: A Bamboo-Based Instrument from Kelantan, Malaysia
No full textThis study considered the ‘Gendang Kecapi’ (GK) musical instrument, the sounds of which were recorded in an anechoic chamber. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) data was obtained using a Picoscope oscilloscope. The GK is an idiochord bamboo tube zither from Kelantan, Malaysia. The GK have two strings (called canang), two gongs, and a gendang (drum). The instrument produced unique and innovative sounds. The time frequency analysis (TFA) used Adobe Audition to produce the spectrograms. The fundamental frequency (f0) of string 1 (canang ibu) and string 2 (canang anak) are 0.888 kHz (A5) and 1.054 kHz (C6), respectively. The f0 of gong 1 (gong ibu) and gong 2 (gong anak) are 0.230 kHz (A3#) and 0.246 kHz (B3), respectively. The f0 of gendang is 0.380 kHz (F4#). The frequency spectrum showed less distinct fundamental frequency with several lower partial frequencies at 0.017, 0.100, and 0.200 kHz
Wood-based Columns Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textFiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is an external reinforcement solution for wooden structures, where several studies have shown its efficiency in maintenance and design. This solution is not yet among the main topics of literature, although its importance justifies new research on this relevant topic for construction. This systematic literature review involves the FRP as reinforcement in wood-based columns, using Engineering Village and Web of Science databases and PRISMA protocol to follow the procedures and ensure the quality of sampling. Reinforcement dispositions and types of assessments were identified so that the literature synthesis can contribute to identifying behavior models. Different methods of reinforcement sizing studied by the literature were synthesized and detailed as to their respective uses. A positive correlation between the reinforcement index and the increasing the load capacity of timber columns were discussed and statistically analyzed
Hygroscopic Power Generation Performance of a New Type of Lithium-Ion Battery Material Based on Lithium Chloride-modified Delignified Wood and Far-Infrared Paper
No full textWith the growing global demand for sustainable energy, the development of efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion and storage materials has become a research hotspot. Paulownia wood, with its natural porous structure and good hygroscopicity, is considered a highly promising biomass material. However, its properties still need to be further optimized through pretreatment to meet specific application requirements. In this study, paulownia wood was chemically modified through delignification and lithium chloride (LiCl) compounding, and far-infrared paper was attached to its surface to enhance its hygroscopicity and electrochemical performance. These pretreatment methods not only increased the porosity of paulownia wood, but also significantly improved the ion transport capacity, thereby achieving excellent moisture absorption and power generation performance in a high humidity environment. Experimental results showed that the LiCl and delignified paulownia composite materials (DW@LiCl) material exhibited excellent electrochemical performance during the hygroscopic process: its current continuously increased with humidity, and the final voltage reached 0.494 V, which was significantly higher than that of other control groups. This modified paulownia wood material demonstrated significant application value in the field of hygroscopic power generation, such as directly generating electricity from ambient humidity, and it exhibits potential for the development of high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemical Constituents, Pharmacological Properties, and Toxicology of the Bambusoideae Species: A Review
No full textBamboos are a versatile non-timber subfamily that has been utilized for various purposes. Generally, bamboo leaves are used as traditional medicine to treat diseases such as cough, rheumatism, influenza, fever, skin disease, heart disease, and malaria. The bamboo extracts contain a wide range of functional groups that are responsible for pharmacological activities. The objective of this review article is to provide in-depth discussion on botany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological properties, and toxicity of bamboo plant extract. Phytochemical studies showed that a total of 21 functional groups were detected from bamboo leaves, stems, and seeds. In addition, volatile compounds that produce aromatic odor also were detected from the bamboo extract. Meanwhile, pharmacological studies revealed that bamboo extract exhibited several pharmacological properties including anti-diarrheal, analgesic effect, antimalarial, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, wound healing, anticancer, and hepatotoxicity. The toxicity study found that bamboo extract is safe for consumption and did not show harmful effects. A review of phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties in plants is important for several purposes such as new drugs discovery and understanding the mechanisms, safety, and efficacy of the bioactive compounds to treat various diseases
Bio-based Lubricants: Progress in Research
No full textBiomass is widely distributed, inexpensive, and easily obtainable. As a transportable and storable organic carbon source, biomass has significant advantages in terms of sustainability, environmental friendliness, resource richness, and versatility. The utilization of biomass resources instead of traditional non-renewable energy is advantageous for addressing issues related to energy, the environment, and product diversity. The conversion of biomass into energy chemicals serves as an effective complement to current energy products. In addition to their role as a protective agent, lubricants play a crucial role in machinery operation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of various plant-based lubricant-based oil synthesis technologies with promising applications, such as olefin metathesis, cross-lactone, plant sugar fermentation, and C-C coupling. It also covers modification techniques including additive, chemical, and biological modifications. Technical process of each synthesis and modification method is summarized, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the obtained lubricating oil products. This technology also overcomes limitations of traditional vegetable oil modification methods. A thorough analysis is provided on the performance and process economics of plant-based lubricant base oil synthesis technology to guide industrial development in this area. Additionally, it includes an analysis of future trends in plant-based lubricant synthesis technology
Valorization of Sweet Potato Peel Biomass for Lactic Acid Production in Solid-state Fermentation and Control of Abiotic Bacteria in Goat Meat
No full textSweet potato peel, a lignocellulosic residue, was used as a sugar source for lactic acid production in solid-state fermentation. The dried sweet tuber peels were heated at 80, 90, and 100 °C for 15, 30, and 60 min. They were steamed three times, first at 68.9 KPa for 15 to 60 min, then at 86.2 KPa for 15 to 60 min, and lastly at 103.4 KPa for 15 to 60 min. Compared with the 15 min treatment, the steam treatment significantly improved the reducing sugar content after 60 min from 190.4 ± 2.2 to 245.4±3.5 mg/g biomass. Enzymatic hydrolysis afforded 29.5 g/L total sugars, including 22.7 g/L glucose, 3.5 g/L disaccharides, 0.1 g/L arabinose, and 3.2% xylose. The pretreated substrate was used as a solid medium to produce lactic acid in solid-state fermentation via Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC1325. Central composite rotatory design (CCRD) was used to optimize lactic acid production to improve the lactic acid yield. Fermentation of sweet potato peel hydrolysate by L. plantarum yielded 85.6 g lactic acid/kg substrate, which was an overall fourfold increase compared with that of the unoptimized medium. Compared with the untreated control, goat meat treated with 1.25% to 5% lactic acid presented a reduced aerobic bacteria count (p<0.001). These studies imply that the sweet potato peel substrate is a promising biomass for the production of lactic acid in the food industry
Activated Carbon Coating Films from Renewable Resources: Advancing Eco-Friendly Food Packaging
No full textAs sustainability and food safety continue to gain more attention, the demand for environmentally friendly packaging materials has increased significantly. This review emphasizes the transformative potential of activated carbon derived from renewable sources in addressing critical challenges in food packaging. Activated carbon is recognized for its outstanding adsorption capacity, large surface area, and porous structure, which enable it to capture gases such as oxygen, moisture, and ethylene, all of which contribute to food deterioration. In addition to these properties, activated carbon exhibits antimicrobial activity and can facilitate the release of nanoparticles, thereby enhancing food safety through the inhibition of microbial growth. Its multifunctional characteristics make it suitable for various uses, including prolonging shelf life and maintaining the sensory attributes of food products. The local production of activated carbon from agricultural residues supports circular economy practices by reducing reliance on fossil-based resources and minimizing environmental impact. This review highlights the important role of activated carbon in the development of sustainable and multifunctional food packaging technologies that support global initiatives aimed at reducing plastic waste and promoting green innovation
Macroscopic Anatomy as a Strategy for Recognizing Commercial Wood from the Brazilian Amazon
No full textWood anatomical characterization is a key method for species identification and for combating illegal logging. This study aimed to provide a detailed macroscopic anatomical characterization of twelve wood species from the Brazilian Amazon, supporting species identification in forensic analysis and contributing to educational resources in wood anatomy. The samples were collected from a sawmill in Colniza, northern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Three woods were identified at the species level, and nine were identified at the genus level. Cedrela sp., Hymenaea sp., Hymenolobium sp., Handroanthus sp., and Peltogyne sp. presented well-demarcated growth rings. Diffuse porosity was common, except in Cedrela sp. In Manilkara sp., vessels occurred in radial chains, whereas Handroanthus sp. was notable for pore obstructions caused by a yellowish substance. The main parenchyma type was aliform and/or confluent, along with marginal bands. Six species displayed storied rays. Macroscopic analysis proved effective for wood identification, as parenchyma, vessel, and growth-ring features were sufficient to identify these commercial species at the genus level