Repository of Research and Investigative Information Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
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Association of major dietary patterns with the risk of obesity among the population from the South-West of Iran: findings from Hoveyzeh cohort study
No full textIntroduction Obesity is a multi-factorial metabolic disorder, the development and progression caused by genetic, physiological, metabolic, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors (especially physical activity and diet). Therefore, considering the high prevalence of obesity and its complications, and considering that dietary patterns are different in different populations and geographical locations, the present study aims to identify and investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity diseases in the adult population of the Hovizeh city. Method 5821 participants (2076 obese group and 3745 not obese group) from Hoveyzeh cohort study for this case-control study were chosen. Data related to dietary, demographic, anthropometric, and physical activity information were obtained through a questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. The logistic regression method with adjustment for demographic factors, energy intake, physical activity, and blood pressure and diabetic medication was used to determine the relationship between significant food patterns and obesity. Results In this study, four major food patterns were identified: 1) Healthy dietary pattern characterized by a high intake of vegetables and high-protein foods,2) Traditional Defined by high consumption of green vegetables, onions, garlic, fruits, refined grains, white meat, liquid oils, and tomatoes, 3) Sweets and snacks, 4) Good oils. Although there was a significant association between sweets and snacks pattern and obesity risk in the crude model (P < 0.05), this association was no longer significant after adjusting for confounding factors. Good oils pattern showed a significant relationship with obesity in the crud and first adjusted model (P < 0.05), but this association was also not significant after adjusting for blood pressure and diabetes medication use. None of these dietary patterns were significantly associated with obesity or other anthropometric indicators after full adjustments for confounders. Conclusion Identifying dietary patterns that influence obesity within a population helps inform strategies for obesity prevention and management. However, in this study, no significant association was found between the identified dietary patterns and obesity. Clinical trial numberNot applicable
Evaluating final pathology results in patients operated for intraductal papilloma
No full textIntroduction: Intraductal papilloma is a breast lesion caused by abnormal epithelial proliferation of ducts. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the final pathology reports of intraductal papilloma. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan, containing 101 cases initially diagnosed with intraductal papilloma. We reviewed the medical documents and pathology reports of all cases with the following information of age, consumption of oral contraceptive pills, hormone replacement therapy, age of menarche, age of menopause and familial history of breast, ovarian, or endometrial cancers, and the pathology reports from tissue biopsy. The statistical analysis utilized chi-square test for qualitative variables and analysis of variance for quantitative variables. Results: The frequency distribution of pathology results showed that in 37.4 (n = 35) of cases, intra-ductal papilloma were observed, and in 30.7 (n = 31) of them, benign lesions were reported. Additionally, 29.7 (n = 30) had pre-malignant lesions, and 5 (n = 5) had malignant lesions. Among the factors, only age was related to the type of lesion, with the mean age of people with pre-malignant or malignant lesions being significantly higher than those with benign lesions (P = 0.014). Conclusion: Complete excision and pathological evaluation of intraductal papilloma could reveal significant findings. Special attention should be given to older patients with intraductal papilloma
Persistent Nasal Skin Lesions in Pemphigus Patients and the Role of Methotrexate in Treatment: A Case Series Study
No full textIntroduction: Nasal involvement may happen infrequently, and some lesions may not respond to conventional treatments. Objectives: The current case series report aimed to describe the characteristics of 10 confirmed pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) patients with nasal skin lesions who did not respond to conventional treatment options or relapsed after a while and to evaluate the role of methotrexate in treatment. Methods: Data regarding patient demographics, disease type and severity, nasal lesion characteristics, and treatment response were obtained from medical records and direct communication with patients between 2019 and 2023. Results: Eight patients had received intravenous rituximab (RTX) and three had received methotrexate (MTX). Out of the eight pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients who had undergone RTX treatment, a total of eighteen treatment sessions were carried out. Following RTX therapy, significant improvements were observed in the nasal lesions after eleven (61.1) sessions, with eight (44.4) achieving complete resolution within six months. Additionally, three patients who did not have satisfactory results after RTX treatment, received methotrexate, and all experienced complete recovery of their nasal lesions within the same timeframe. Conclusions: All the patients who benefited from methotrexate had never experienced complete remission of their nasal lesions before. It seems methotrexate can be an eligible choice for recalcitrant cases
Drug Extravasation in a Tertiary Referral Children Hospital: A Prospective Cohort Study
No full textExtravasation injuries are prevalent in pediatric hospitals and often result in tissue damage and extended hospital stays. However, limited data exist regarding risk factors for extravasation in children. This study aimed to identify these risk factors in pediatric patients receiving intravenous (IV) therapy. This prospective cohort study included 500 children aged 1 month to 18 years who had undergone either central or peripheral catheterization and were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Imam Hossein Children's Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, between July 2020 and July 2021. Data were collected on age, gender, length of hospitalization, catheter type, instances of extravasation, drugs administered, and treatment protocols. The median age was 36 months, and approximately 56 of participants were male. Among the cohort, the prevalence of extravasation was 9.8 (49 patients). Female gender (P = .002), central venous catheterization (P = .002), prolonged hospitalization (P < .001), reduced consciousness (P = .012), and the use of taping for vein fixation (P = .004) were all significantly associated with a higher risk of extravasation. This study underscores the need for health care providers to carefully assess risk factors for extravasation to mitigate injury risk, particularly in vulnerable pediatric populations
Association of Thyroid Function Test Values with Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain: A Systematic Review of Literature Reviews
No full textBackground:Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) is an important indicator affecting pregnancy outcome, and thyroid hormones are also weight regulators. Researchers showed that thyroid hormones were correlated to prepregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and GWG. However, the normal ranges of thyroid parameters and GWG depend on the trimester of measurement. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the current knowledge on the association between thyroid function tests and prepregnancy BMI and GWG. Materials and Methods:This review was finally conducted on nine articles, while Google Scholar and databases such as Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, and ProQuest were searched to find English articles from October 2022 to June 2023. Results:Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was positively correlated with prepregnancy BMI, while Free Thyroxine (FT4) was inversely correlated. TSH was positively related to weight gain and BMI in the first trimester, while the relationship was negative for FT4. Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) had a positive relationship with BMI in the first trimester (p = 0.004). Furthermore, TSH level was not associated with GWG in the second and third trimesters, while FT4 was inversely correlated with GWG. FT3 also increased with BMI in the second trimester and not in the third trimester (p < 0.001). Finally, there was a positive correlation between thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies values and prepregnancy BMI as well as maternal BMI, but the data were inconsistent. Conclusions:Determining the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and prepregnancy BMI and/or GWG may help researchers and clinicians manage weight gain and/or thyroid function in pregnancy
Introduce a novel, extremely sensitive aptamer against staphylococcal enterotoxin type D
No full textBackground: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a globally prevalent foodborne pathogen responsible for significant public health concerns. Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) results from staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) produced by specific strains of S. aureus. Rapid and effective detection of SEs remains a significant challenge for public health authorities. Aptamers, short single-stranded DNA(ssDNA), RNA, or synthetic xeno nucleic acid (XNA) molecules, exhibit high affinity for binding to their specific targets. Due to their unique properties, including low production costs, ease of chemical modification, high thermal stability, and reproducibility, aptamers present a viable alternative to antibodies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Objectives: This research aimed to isolate high-affinity ssDNA aptamers with specificity for staphylococcal enterotoxin D (SED). Methods: The systematic evolution of ligands by the exponential enrichment (SELEX) method was utilized to identify specific aptamers. These aptamers were then validated using enzyme-linked apta-sorbent assay (ELASA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to assess their binding characteristics and affinity. Results: SELEX successfully identified aptamers with strong binding affinity to SED. Among the identified candidates, one aptamer, Aptamer 1, exhibited the highest specificity for SED with a dissociation constant (KD) of 4.4 +/- 2.26 nM. The limit of detection (LOD) for SED using this aptamer was determined to be 45 nM. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the ELASA system designed using the aptamer developed in this study demonstrates higher specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility in detecting enterotoxin D. This novel aptamer offers significant potential for applications in diagnostic platforms targeting S. aureus enterotoxins
The limitations for cardiac surgeons made by stenting at mid part of left anterior descending artery
No full textThe language use Inventory-Persian: report of the psychometric properties
No full textBackground Pragmatic language assessment is a necessary component of evaluation in language impairments. Some procedures are applied to assess pragmatic abilities in childhood. Parent-report questionnaires are among the most useful instruments for evaluating pragmatics in real situations. This study aimed to translate and adapt the Language Use Inventory (LUI) into Persian and examine its psychometric properties. Method It was a methodological and cross-sectional study. We pursued the steps of translation and adaptation of this questionnaire into Persian according to a standard guideline. Then, 348 parents/caregivers of three groups of children consisting of typically developing (TD), late-talking children, and ones with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 18-47-month-old Persian-speaking children completed the adapted version of the LUI. The participants were recruited into study by convenience sampling. Next, different psychometric properties including item analysis, validity (content, face, and construct), and reliability (test-retest and internal consistency) were investigated. Results Translation, adaptation, and item analysis led to the deletion of 7 Items. Differential validity for age revealed the noticeably different performance among different age groups (p < 0.001). Also, Given the clinical validity, TD and ASD children performed differently in this measure(p < 0.001). In addition, the evidence of the discriminant validity was confirmed by a significant difference between TD and late-talking children (p < 0.001). Concurrent validity was also established by a moderate and positive value of the correlation between total scores of the LUI-Persian and Newsha developmental scale (r = 0.54, p = 0.01). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated that the Language Use Inventory-Persian had 2 factors of verbal and nonverbal use of language. Also, the evidence for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was attained (all the values of factor load were higher than 0.40). The internal consistency (alpha = 0.99) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.97) proved adequate values. Conclusions The Language Use Inventory-Persian with 173 items revealed the acceptable psychometric attributes for assessing pragmatics in 18-47-month-old Persian-speaking children; however, for screening pragmatic impairments, it may need further studies on clinical populations with a larger sample size to see whether the LUI items are appropriate or possible changes in the items are required
Monitoring and active surveillance of adverse events following the booster dose of AZD1222 vaccine in people vaccinated with Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV: a cohort study
No full textBackgroundGiven the limited evidence on the side effects of AZD1222 booster in individuals previously vaccinated with Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV, we conducted a cohort event monitoring study to capture adverse events in those receiving AZD1222 booster doses (first or second) after Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccination in Iran.MethodsThis active COVID-19 vaccine safety surveillance study was conducted in vaccination centers across 12 provinces in Iran. The study population included individuals who had received two doses of Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV and either a first or second AZD1222 booster dose. Each participant was followed for 13 weeks after their booster dose.ResultsA total of 28,742 participants were included, with 13,428 females (46.72) and 15,314 males (53.28). The average age was 43.25 +/- 14.90 years. Of the total, 82.46 were recruited retrospectively through vaccination registration. Among 16,944 individuals with available polymerase chain reaction test results, 118 tested positive for COVID-19 between 14 and 90 days post-booster. There were 123 hospital admissions, with 18 cases showing a higher likelihood of being associated with adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) or serious adverse events (SAEs). After excluding deaths unrelated to vaccination, four deaths were potentially linked to AEFIs or SAEs. The cumulative incidence rates for hospital admissions and deaths were 106.40 and 13.90 per 100,000 individuals, respectively.ConclusionThe study indicates that AZD1222 booster doses are safe for individuals previously vaccinated with Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV, with rare adverse events and an acceptable safety profile. This supports the use of heterologous booster strategies, though ongoing monitoring and improved pharmacovigilance are essential to detect any potential long-term effects
Bidirectional relationship between human herpes virus reactivation and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground Human herpesviruses (HHVs) are lifelong pathogens that can reactivate under stress or immunological changes. Depression has been implicated as both a potential trigger for and a consequence of HHV reactivation. This study investigates the bidirectional relationship between HHV reactivation and depression through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024565616). A search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus identified studies published through March 5, 2024. Results Nineteen studies, representing a total sample size of 94,194 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) demonstrated a significant association between HHV reactivation and depression (OR = 1.33; 95 CI: 1.07-1.64; p < 0.001; I2 = 92). Subgroup analyses revealed significant associations for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (OR = 1.99; 95 CI: 1.80-2.20) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) (OR = 1.83; 95 CI: 1.32-2.55), while cytomegalovirus (CMV) and HSV-1 showed non-significant associations. A secondary meta-analysis found a significant association between pre-morbid depression and EBV reactivation (OR = 2.18; 95 CI: 1.48-3.21) as well as varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation (HR = 1.09; 95 CI: 1.06-1.13). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings, and no substantial publication bias was detected. Conclusion This study provides evidence of a bidirectional relationship between HHV reactivation and depression, highlighting depression as both a risk factor for and a potential consequence of HHV reactivation