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Research Paper Mortality of Road Traffic Injured Patients Admitted to a Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, Using the GAP Scoring System
No full textBackground: One of the leading causes of death, especially in developing countries, is road traffic accident. The Glasgow coma scale, age, systolic blood pressure (GAP) scoring system is a quantitative method to predict the mortality of trauma patients. Considering the importance of preventing deaths caused by road traffic accidents, this study aims to predict the mortality of road traffic injured patients admitted to a hospital in Isfahan, Iran in 2019 using the GAP score. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using the exiting data. The study population included all road traffic injured people transferred to Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Isfahan by the emergency medical services (EMS) ambulances during November and December, 2019 and January, 2020 (n=2674). The medical files of 1985 injured were finally included in this research. A researcher-made checklist was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of the scoring system. Results: Based on the GAP score, 19 people (0.98) were in the high-risk group, 1267(63.81) in the moderate-risk group, and 699(35.21) were in the low-risk group. It was found that 4 people from the high-risk group (21), 7 from the moderate-risk group (1) and 3 from the low-risk group (1) had died. The best cut-off point of the GAP score in predicting short-term (24-hour) road traffic mortality was 15 and with a sensitivity of 96. Conclusion: Most of death cases in road traffic injured patients referred to Ayatollah Kashani Hospital during three months were related to the high-risk groups (GAP score: 3-10). The GAP score can predict the hospital mortality of road traffic injuries accurately and easily. © 2025 The Author(s)
Green carbon dots and theranostic applications
No full textGreen carbon dots (GCDs) have emerged as a potential category of nanomaterials owing to their distinctive attributes, which include biocompatibility, low toxicity, increased photoluminescence (PL), and environmental sustainability. This paper thoroughly examines the synthesis of GCDs from renewable carbon sources, their unique features, and their extensive uses in theranostics, including bioimaging, drug administration, photothermal treatment, and molecular diagnostics. The synthesis methods, including hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and laser ablation procedures, are examined comprehensively, emphasizing their benefits and drawbacks. The study highlights the significance of surface functionalization and heteroatom doping in improving the optical and electrical characteristics of GCDs. Additionally, the capabilities of GCDs in sustainable nanotechnology and their contribution to resolving environmental and medicinal issues are analyzed. This article seeks to elucidate GCDs, including their synthesis, characteristics, and uses, while also delineating prospective research avenues to address current limits and enhance their potential in biological and environmental domains. © 2025 Elsevier B.V
Investigation of Microplastics in Ready-to-Use Compost in the Urban and Agricultural Green Spaces of Isfahan City, Iran
No full textBackground: The environmental and health hazards posed by microplastics (particles < 5 mm) have raised significant concerns in contemporary society. This study investigates the quantity, types, and forms of microplastics present in ready-to-use compost from urban and agricultural green spaces in Isfahan City, Iran, in 2023. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the frequency, types, and morphological characteristics of microplastics in readyto-use compost sourced from urban and agricultural green spaces in Isfahan City. We employed various methods, including sieving, Fenton digestion, flotation based on density with saturated salt, and filtration, to separate microplastic particles. A stereo microscope was utilized to count and characterize their shapes, while Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to identify the types of polymers present. Findings: The study revealed an average of 36145.8 ± 7395.1 microplastic particles per kilogram of compost. Microplastics measuring between 1000 and 5000 µm constituted the highest frequency, accounting for 78 of the total. Five types of polymers were identified in the ready-to-use compost: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), with PET being the most prevalent at 28.7. Microplastics were observed in various forms, including fibers, foam, fragments, and films, with fibers being the most common form, comprising 60 of the total. Conclusion: The concentration of microplastics in ready-to-use compost from urban and agricultural green spaces in Isfahan City is comparable to levels found in other studies conducted within the country; however, it is notably higher than those observed in countries where organic materials are properly segregated. Due to the lack of standardized limits for microplastics in compost, making international comparisons is challenging. The choice of methodologies for sampling, separation, identification protocols, measurement, and the establishment of permissible limits significantly influences study outcomes. Hence, it is crucial to establish standardized methods to ensure consistency and accuracy in assessing microplastics in compost. © 2025, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved
Identifying shared molecular landscape between uterine fibroids and recurrent implantation failure: An integrated bioinformatics study
No full textIntroduction: Infertility is a significant global issue. Infertile couples may attempt assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs), yet these are sometimes ineffective due to factors including recurrent implantation failure (RIF) which can be affected by conditions like uterine fibroids (UFs). Methods: Two gene expression (GSE64763 and GSE92324) and one methylation dataset (GSE120854) were obtained. The differentially expressed and methylated genes related to UFs and RIF were identified based on the following criteria: |log2 fold change| > 1, |delta beta| > 0.15, and adjusted p-values 0.7 and adjusted p-values <0.01. Finally, the shared genes between differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially methylated genes (DMGs), and key genes from WGCNA were extracted. Results: 904 DEGs for RIF and 310 non-repetitive differentially expressed and methylated genes for UFs were identified. In WGCNA using the top 5000 highly variable genes and a degree of independence of 0.85 the co-expression network was established and module trait assessment was explored. Among the four modules linked to UFs, 145 key genes were identified, whereas for RIF, three modules yielded 1350 key genes. Following the intersection of UFs-DEGs (489), UFs-DMGs (10,474), RIF-DEGs (904), UFs key genes from WGCNA (145), and RIF key genes from WGCNA (1,350), three final genes were identified: EDNRB, BIRC3, and TRPC6. Research highlights the therapeutic potential of these genes, with EDNRB showing promise in targeting prostate cancer, and TRPC3 contributing to wound healing. However, direct evidence linking these genes to therapeutic interventions for RIF or UFs remains to be established. Conclusion: In conclusion, the objective of this study was to analyze the data of UFs and RIF in order to identify shared genes and pathways between these conditions. Three key genes have been identified in this study. Functional analysis suggested that targeting EDNRB, known for its role in cancer therapies, could be explored to modulate cellular processes in UFs and RIF. Similarly, BIRC3, which is involved in the regulation of apoptosis, may offer therapeutic potential for reducing abnormal tissue growth and enhancing implantation success. TRPC6, with its role in wound healing and cellular repair, presents opportunities for therapeutic intervention aimed at restoring endometrial receptivity. Targeting these genes could lead to treatments addressing the root causes of UFs and RIF, benefiting affected patients. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and explore their clinical potential. © 202
The Association of Fruits and Vegetables Consumption and COVID-19: Results from Yazd Health Study and TAMYZ Study
No full textBackground: COVID-19 has caused a high health burden worldwide and increased the need to identify factors affecting its risk. Fruits and vegetables are essential for a healthy diet and immune system function. This study investigated the associations between fruit and vegetable intake and COVID-19 incidence in a large sample of Iranian adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used data from 9189 participants of Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and Taghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd (TAMIZ) study aged 20 to 70 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: After adjusting for confounding variables, we found that higher intake of total fruit (OR: 0.42, CI: 0.20–0.83, P-trend =0.05), fresh fruit (OR: 0.46, CI: 0.23– 0.92, P-trend =0.04), green leafy vegetables (OR: 0.48, CI: 0.24–0.96, P-trend =0.08), and vitamin C (OR: 0.38, CI: 0.17– 0.81, P-trend =0.02) were associated with lower odds of COVID-19. No significant associations were observed for fruit juice, dried fruit, fruit compote, cruciferous vegetables, yellow vegetables, total vegetables and dietary fiber intake. Conclusion: Our study suggests that higher consumption of fresh fruit, total fruit, green leafy vegetables, and dietary vitamin C may reduce the risk of COVID-19. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and provide evidence-based nutritional recommendations. Furthermore, the current study's findings could be important for similar pandemics. © 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Effect of CaO Additive on the Properties of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on AZ31 Mg Alloy
No full textMagnesium alloys are considered a suitable candidate for body implants due to their favorable properties such as non-toxicity and favorable mechanical properties. The limitation is their high corrosion rate in the physiological environment of the body. In the present study, PEO coating was applied from a phosphate-based bath with and without CaO nanoparticles additive on AZ31 Mg alloy using unipolar and bipolar waveforms and soft sparking waveforms. The cathodic cycle led to the entry of more calcium, and a coating was formed with higher bioactivity and smaller pore size. However, the incorporation of calcium showed negative effects on the corrosion performance of the coatings in the short-term immersion (3 h) in simulated body fluid (SBF) due to the creation of a thinner coating and more micro-cracks. However, these coatings were able to show a higher barrier performance against the corrosive solution in long-term immersion (longer than 1 day), due to the higher ability of calcium phosphate formation and blocking of coating defects. By increasing the cathodic width in the bipolar waveform, high-intensity cathodic discharges happened on the coating surface, which damaged the coating and created spalling that deteriorated the coating barrier performance. © ASM International 2024
Investigation of Prevalence, Survival, and Molecular Type of Breast Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases
No full textBackground: This study aims to investigate the factors associated with breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) in individuals suffering from breast cancer (BC). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on 200 patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) including 52 brain and 148 other organ metastases. The demographic, medical, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic approach characteristics were compared between the groups. Results: Headache (61.5), weakness and lethargy (26.9), dizziness (15.4), blurred vision/blindness (15.4), and convulsions (15.4) were the major initial symptoms of BCBM. Radiotherapy (71.2), injectable (34.6), and oral chemotherapy (26.9) were the major applied therapeutic strategies to manage brain metastasis (BM). The overall survival of the patients from cancer diagnosis to death accounted for 33 months (95CI: 27.52-38.47), while this period after BM diagnosis was limited to 6 months (95CI: 5.15-6.84). The rate of hormone therapy was remarkably higher among the metastasis in other organs than the brain (P value = 0.005), while targeted therapy was performed in higher rates for BM (P value = 0.001). The evaluation of BC-related tumor markers revealed that human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) (P value < 0.001) positivity was remarkably higher among BCBM, while positive estrogen receptor (ER) (P value = 0.004) and progesterone receptor (PR) (P value = 0.013) were statistically more in the other group. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the BC patients with BM had a remarkable short survival, had a higher rate of perineural invasion, and were mostly positive for HER2. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery were the most common approaches to these patients
Application of L-leucine-based natural deep eutectic solvent and ferroferric oxide magnetic nanoparticles modified with silica and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Fe3O4@SiO2@ZIF-8) for extracting organophosphorus pesticides from cucumber
No full textAn amino acid-based natural deep eutectic solvent (AABNADES) consisting of L-leucine, thymol, and lactic acid developed as a media for removing interfering agents, along with a magnetic adsorbent called ferroferric oxide modified with silica and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Fe3O4@SiO2@ZIF-8) to determine the residue of four organophosphorus (OPs) pesticides in cucumber samples. The AABNADES was characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Magnetic adsorbents were characterized via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and FTIR. Extraction conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The method was linear, accurate, and in the range of 10-50 mu g/l. The detection and quantification limits ranged from 2.88-5.95 and 8.73-18.05 mu g/l, respectively. The recovery for pesticide residues ranged from 97.1-143.2 with a relative standard deviation of 3.97-12.24 . The method is cost-effective, suitable for analyzing OPs in cucumber, and minimizes the use of harmful solvents
Policy analysis of the Universal Public Health Insurance program for Afghan refugees in Iran: a protocol study
No full textBackgroundGiven the recent global events leading to the migration of millions of people to various countries, this study seeks to identify the weaknesses and challenges in refugees' access to healthcare services and propose solutions to reduce the financial burden on the health system and enhance the effectiveness of the Universal Public Health Insurance (UPHI) program. The ultimate goal is to improve the health of Afghan refugees in Iran. Therefore, this study aims to examine the insurance policies of the seven countries with the highest number of refugees worldwide and compare them with Iran.MethodThis is a qualitative study that will consist of three phases, encompassing a total of 7 steps. The initial phase involves conducting a comparative study among selected countries to identify UPHI coverage policies or programs for refugees. The second phase, which is the core of the study, involves analyzing health policies using the conceptual framework known as the "policy triangle framework." In the final phase, a panel of experts will present policy proposals based on their experiences and in alignment with the identified cases. These proposals will be prioritized using a prioritization matrix and policy dialogue.DiscussionThis research aims to examine the structural and policy challenges of health insurance for refugees in host countries, alongside an in-depth analysis of Iran's insurance policies. It seeks to propose solutions such as sustainable financing methods, facilitating access to health services, and improving coordination between governmental and international organizations to implement health policies for current and future refugee-hosting countries effectively. Furthermore, the findings of this study could effectively guide decision-making and resource management for policymakers in countries with refugee populations
The impact of obstetric violence on postpartum quality of life through psychological pathways
No full textPregnancy and childbirth as important events in women's lives should be guided based on quality and humanized principles. This study aimed to test a conceptual model considering the interrelated role of obstetric violence, mental health, self-esteem, and PTSD on the postpartum quality of life (PQOL) using path analysis. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 parturient women who have given birth from January to May 2022 using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a socio-demographic checklist, EPREVO, DASS-21, PCL-5, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and PQOL scales. Path analysis was applied to generate specified patterns of causal relationships between variables and to determine the type of relationships between predictor and response variables using LISREL software ver.8.8. We found that obstetric violence (beta = - 0.659), self-esteem (beta = 0.223), mental health (beta = - 0.396), and PTSD (beta = 0.345) are the main predictors of postpartum QoL. In addition to its direct effect, obstetric violence can impress the PQOL through the effect on mental health (beta = 0.533), self-esteem (beta = 0.222), and PTSD (beta = 0.229), indirectly. Our finding highlighted the negative effect of obstetric violence on mental health, self-esteem, PTSD, and PQOL. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers and managers adopt programs to promote respectful maternal care and prevent obstetric violence to prevent the occurrence of adverse effects in parturient women