Repository of Research and Investigative Information Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
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Global prevalence of eating disorders in children: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackgroundEating disorders (EDs) are known as chronic mental disorders that can cause adverse physical and mental effects and affect different age groups, including children, and disrupt their growth and development. Based on this, the aim of this research is to determine the global prevalence of EDs in children.MethodsTo conduct this research, each of the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Embase, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar search engine were systematically searched using relevant keywords ("prevalence,""outbreak,""eating disorder,""feeding disorder,""eating problem,""appetite disorder,"to find all the studies that refer to the prevalence of EDs in children until July 23, 2024 to obtain and perform further evaluations. After data extraction, their analysis was done by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2); Random effects model was used for analysis and I2 index was also used to check the heterogeneity of studies.ResultsBased on the global prevalence of EDs in children based on meta-analysis was 1 (95 CI: 0.6-1.6); Subgroup analysis based on the study of eating disorders in children showed that the prevalence of pica among children is 2.1 (95 CI: 1-4.6), the prevalence of binge eating disorder is 1 (95 CI: 0.6-1.8), and the prevalence of anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa among children is 0.6 (95 CI: 0.01-34.4) and 0.1 (95 CI: 0-0.4), respectively.ConclusionConsidering the importance of nutrition in children and the report of EDs among them, healthcare workers and medical personnel must pay attention to this category of disorders by timely informing parents to reduce the complications caused by it
Staged versus concurrent ventral hernia repair with metabolic bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies
No full textIntroduction This study compares the outcomes of concurrent metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) and ventral hernia repair (VHR) vs. staged VHR approach after MBS. Method We systematically searched four main databases with relevant keywords. Two independent authors screened and included studies that compared these two approaches. The I-2 statistic was utilized to evaluate heterogeneity among the studies; if exceeded 50, a random effects analysis was conducted, while fixed effects analysis was employed for those without severe heterogeneity. Results 7 studies with 9244 and 11,961 patients in concurrent and staged groups were included, respectively. Our results showed that the rate of mesh infection was significantly higher in concurrent VHR (3.6 vs. 1.9, OR: 2.18, p 0.05). Furthermore, hematoma, venous thromboembolic events, and wound dehiscence had nearly the same rates. Conclusion Both approaches are viable options, depending on individual patient circumstances (age, BMI, hernia size, hernia-related symptoms, sac with or without intestinal loops) and surgical preferences (type of MBS, with or without mesh, type of mesh) highlighting the importance of individualized surgical planning for optimization of outcomes and minimizing risks in this specific patient population
Association between dietary acid load and risk of osteoporotic fractures in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
No full textAimWe aimed to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of the available evidence about the association between dietary acid load (DAL) and fractures in adults.MethodRelevant studies were searched through Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar until October 2024. The random-effect model was used to calculate the pooled Odd ratios (OR) and 95 confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was evaluated by statistical test of Egger. Subgroup analyses were conducted by study confounders. Moreover, the quality of studies was asessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale which is designed for observational studies.ResultsSix studies were included in this review. According to the methodological heterogeneity between studies and their different charactristics, we performed the analysis based on random-effect model that indicated a marginally significant association between DAL and risk of fracture (N event = 5275, Pooled OR: 1.10; 95 CI: 0.99-1.21, P = 0.073) (I2 = 12.9; P = 0.321). According to subgroup analysis, there was no significant association between DAL and risk of fracture in the cross-sectional effect sizes (N event = 337, OR:0.69; 95CI:0.47-1.00). There was a significant association between DAL and a greater risk of fracture in cohort studies (N event = 4938, OR:1.12; 95CI:1.03-1.22, P = 0.006). Also, high-quality studies (OR:1.12; 95CI:1.03-1.22; P = 0.006) showed a significant association between DAL and fracture risk.ConclusionDAL was marginally related to a higher risk of fracture. This finding is a trigger for bone health management with a healthy balanced dietary intake
The Impact of Silymarin on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
No full textNumerous studies have investigated into the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of silymarin, as well as its ability to reduce reactive oxygen species and inflammation biomarkers. The effect of silymarin on inflammation and oxidative stress was investigated using the keywords "milk thistle" OR "Silybum marianum" OR "Silybum" OR "silymarin" OR "Silibinin" AND "MDA" OR "Malondialdehyde" OR "TAC" OR "total antioxidant capacity" OR "IL-10" OR "Interleukin-10" OR "IL-6" OR "Interleukin-6" OR "TNF-alpha" OR "tumor necrosis factor alpha" on the Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library, up until March 2023. Data were combined using a random-effects model, and the weighted/standardized mean differences (WMDs/SMDs) with a 95 confidence interval (CI) were used as the overall effect size. Our meta-analysis indicated that silymarin supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: -3.39 mg/L, 95 CI: -5.99, -0.79, p = 0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD: -1.69, 95 CI: -2.62, -0.76, p < 0.001). Furthermore, silymarin significantly increases IL-10 (WMD: 2.03 pg/mL; 95 CI: 1.04, 3.01, p < 0.001), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SMD: 3.39, 95 CI: 1.42, 5.37, p = 0.001), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (SMD: 1.94; 95 CI, 0.89 to 2.99; p < 0.001) level. However, silymarin supplementation did not have significant effects on TAC (SMD: 2.91; 95 CI: -0.30, 6.11, p = 0.076) and IL-6 (WMD: -0.70 pg/mL; 95 CI: -1.42, 0.02, p < 0.056) level. Silymarin supplementation may significantly improve oxidative stress and inflammation in adults by decreasing CRP and MDA and increasing IL-10, SOD, and GPx. However, additional studies with longer study periods are required to ascertain the long-term effects of silymarin on oxidative stress and chronic inflammation
Comparison of the impact of intermittent fasting diet alone or in conjunction with probiotic supplementation versus calorie-restricted diet on inflammatory, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity biomarkers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
No full textBackground: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of early time-restricted eating (eTRE) and eTRE plus probiotic supplementation to daily caloric restriction (DCR) alone in terms of biomarkers of oxidative stress (OS), antioxidant capacity, inflammation, and blood pressure (BP) in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and Methods: The research was conducted as a randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial with an 8-week follow-up period. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 14: 10 eTRE with probiotic supplementation (n = 30), 14: 10 eTRE with placebo supplementation (n = 30), or DCR with placebo supplementation (n = 30). At the beginning and 8 weeks of the intervention, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic BP, inflammation, and OS parameters were evaluated. Results: A total of 90 participants (mean age, 30.49 years and mean weight, 81.45 kg) were enrolled in this trial. After 8-week intervention, we observed SBP significantly decreased in both the eTRE + probiotic group (-0.31 mmHg 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.55, -0.07) and the eTRE + placebo group (-0.24 mmHg 95% CI: -0.43, 0.04), with no significant differences observed between groups. Moreover, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly reduced in all groups (P < 0.005). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) also showed notable improvement in both the eTRE + probiotic group (P = 0.012) and the DCR group (P = 0.032). However, there were no significant differences between the three groups regarding BP, OS, TAC, and CRP markers. Conclusion: It was not found that eTRE alone or eTRE with probiotics intervention resulted in improving BP, inflammatory, OS, and antioxidant capacity biomarkers than a standard DCR diet among obese women with PCOS. The present study did not reveal significant improvements in BP, inflammatory markers, OS, or antioxidant capacity with either eTRE alone or eTRE combined with probiotics compared to a standard DCR among obese women diagnosed with PCOS.Trial Register no: IRCT20121110011421N5
The effects of concurrent alpha-linolenic acid, L-carnitine supplementation on clinical symptoms, mental health, and quality of life in women with migraine: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial
No full textBackground Migraine, as a widespread neurological condition, substantially impacts quality of life, particularly among women. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and L-carnitine co-supplementation on migraine symptoms, mental health, and life quality in women with migraine. Methods In this randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 80 women with migraine were randomly assigned to receive either ALA (1000 mg) plus L-carnitine (500 mg) or matching placebos daily for 12 weeks. Migraine characteristics, mental health parameters, and quality of life measures were assessed at baseline and study end. Results The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in migraine frequency (-2.96; 95 CI (-3.48, -2.45) vs -0.07; 95 CI (-0.68, 0.53), P < 0.001), severity (-1.6; 95 CI (-2.05, -1.15) vs - 0.44; 95 CI (-0.91, 0.02), P = 0.001), and duration (-4.9; 95 CI (-6.34, -3.45) vs -0.5; 95 CI (-1.06, 0.66) hours, P < 0.001) compared to the placebo group. Mental health improvements were observed in depression (-7.4; 95 CI (-9.24, -5.55) vs 0.05; 95 CI (-1.16, 1.26), P < 0.001), and anxiety scores (-5.7; 95 CI (-7.26, -4.14) vs - 0.65; 95 CI (-2.33, 1.03), P < 0.001). Quality of life measures showed significant enhancement, with increased migraine-specific quality of life (9.75; 95 CI (8.01, 11.49) vs 1.22; 95 CI (-0.66, 3.11), P < 0.001) and decreased headache impact test-6 scores (-8.57; 95 CI (-11.79, -5.36) vs -1.35; 95 CI (-3.41, 0.71), P = 0.005) in the intervention group compared to the controls. Conclusion Co-supplementation with ALA and L-carnitine may offer a promising adjuvant therapy for managing migraine in women, addressing both physical symptoms and psychological burdens. Trial registration IRCT20121216011763N57
The Effect of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Levels of Depression, Anxiety, and Cognitive Function: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
No full textIntroduction Recent studies have emphasized the relationship between mental health and the human intestine microbiota. In this study, we evaluate the effect of consuming Biotics, on levels of depression, anxiety, and cognitive function. Methods This meta-analysis adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. All full-text articles and major reviews were manually searched for additional studies. Results The initial analysis was based on the concept that consuming Biotics causes changes in anxiety, measured using various instruments. This analysis showed that consuming Biotics significantly reduced anxiety in our study participants (SMD = 0.2894, Z = 2.46, P = 0.0139, I2 = 92.4). The meta-analysis included 4295 samples (2194 in the experimental group and 2101 in the control group). In terms of depression, the analysis showed that consuming Biotics significantly reduced depression in our study participants (SMD = 0.2942, Z = 2.13, P = 0.0335, I2 = 91.7). The meta-analysis included 3179 samples (1603 in the experimental group and 1576 in the control group). Regarding cognitive function, the analysis showed that consuming Biotics significantly improved cognitive function in our study participants (SMD = 0.4819, Z = 3.00, P = 0.0027, I2 = 77.9). The meta-analysis included 915 samples (470 in the experimental group and 445 in the control group). Conclusions Our results indicate that most recent studies support the effectiveness of probiotics in reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression, and cognitive issues despite some discrepancies in the findings. People with mild symptoms may experience greater benefits from taking probiotics. Trial Registration PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42024589507
Hybrid inorganic-organic sol-gel @foam for a new development of solid phase extraction of heavy metals
No full textIn this research study, a novel nanocomposite composed of aminopropyl-based hybrid inorganic-organic sol-gel@Ni foam (AP-HIO/SG-NC @ Ni foam) was synthesized and then applied in a new development of solid phase extraction technique called the "swimming petal shape sorbent-based solid phase extraction" (SPSS-SPE) for simultaneous separation and preconcentration of lead, cadmium, cobalt, and nickel metals ions from aqueous solutions. During the analytical process, the essential parameters such as pH, size of the petal-shaped sorbent, swimming time, desorption conditions, sample volume, and ionic strength on the extraction efficiencies of the target analytes were investigated. Under optimal experimental conditions, the linear ranges (LR) of 0.5-1000 (mu g L-1) for lead and 1-1000 (mu g L-1) for nickel, cadmium, cobalt in water, the LR of 1-1000 (mu g L-1) were obtained for analytes in soli, and the LR of 1-1000 (mu g L-1) for lead and cadmium and 1-1250 (mu g L-1) for nickel and cobalt were achieved in blood sample. Moreover, the LOD values (S/N = 3) of 0.182-0.314 (mu g L-1), 0.292-0.314 (mu g L-1), 0.295-0.313 (mu g L-1) were obtained for water, soil, and blood for analytes respectively. The procedure's intra-day and inter-day precision () were less than <= 2.5 and <= 3.2, respectively. The sensitive and high-potential AP-HIO/SG-NC @ Ni foam-SPSS-SPE was successfully applied to analyze water, soil, and blood samples. The analytical greenness metric approach was also applied to evaluate the greenness of the proposed method, AGREE
Comparison of food tolerance among bariatric surgery procedures: a review
No full textBariatric surgeries are related to reduced food tolerance (FT), which may impact on nutritional status and weight loss treatment. The present study was conducted to compare the effects of gastric banding (GB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on FT. A literature search was performed using Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to find relevant studies published up to August 2023. The primary outcome was the postoperative overall FT score assessed by the Quality of Alimentation questionnaire. Overall, 27 studies containing 4366 adults were included in the review: 15 cohort studies, 5 interventional studies, and 7 cross-sectional studies. The quality of articles ranged between low and high. Thirteen studies evaluated the effect of SG on FT; however, 4 studies reported FT following RYGB. The postsurgery FT of GB patients was examined in 1 study. The mixture of bariatric techniques was evaluated in 9 papers. Selected studies assessed FT from 1 month to 5 years following obesity surgery. Taken together, GB patients showed the lowest level of FT. Although SG and RYGB patients had no difference in FT, RYGB ones had better tolerance to protein-rich foods such as red meat, white meat, and fish. Both SG and RYGB individuals tolerated vegetables and fish more than other food groups and could least tolerate red meat and grains. After the first postoperative year, a good level of FT was found among SG and RYGB patients. (Surg Obes Relat Dis 2025;21:319-328.) (c) 2025 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies
Performance and limitation of machine learning algorithms for diabetic retinopathy screening and its application in health management: a meta-analysis
No full textBackgroundIn recent years, artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have been used more extensively to diagnose diabetic retinopathy and other diseases. Still, the effectiveness of these methods has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and limitations of machine learning and deep learning algorithms in detecting diabetic retinopathy. MethodsThis study was conducted based on the PRISMA checklist. We searched online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, for relevant articles up to September 30, 2023. After the title, abstract, and full-text screening, data extraction and quality assessment were done for the included studies. Finally, a meta-analysis was performed. ResultsWe included 76 studies with a total of 1,371,517 retinal images, of which 51 were used for meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis showed a significant sensitivity and specificity with a percentage of 90.54 (95CI 90.42, 90.66, P < 0.001) and 78.33% (95%CI 78.21, 78.45, P < 0.001). However, the AUC (area under curvature) did not statistically differ across studies, but had a significant figure of 0.94 (95% CI - 46.71, 48.60, P = 1). ConclusionsAlthough machine learning and deep learning algorithms can properly diagnose diabetic retinopathy, their discriminating capacity is limited. However, they could simplify the diagnosing process. Further studies are required to improve algorithms