Repository of Research and Investigative Information Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
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Age at menarche and risk of premature coronary artery disease: results from Iran premature coronary disease (IPAD) study
No full textBACKGROUND: Premature coronary artery diseases (PCAD) is a major health concern. Finding the potential risk factors for this health issue is crucial for early detection and prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the relation between age at menarche and PCAD presence and severity. METHODS: This study was performed in the framework of the Iran premature coronary disease (IPAD). IPAD is a multiethnic case-control study conducted from 2020. PCAD was defined as at least 75 obstruction in more than one coronary artery or above 50 in the left main artery in man and women under the age of 60 years and 70 years, respectively. Age at menarche is evaluate using self-reporting questionnaire. We categorized age at menarche into three groups: early (8-11 years), average (12-13 years), and late (14-17 years). RESULTS: A total number of 1035 women participated in this study. No significant association was observed between every year increase in age at menarche and the PCAD risk after fully adjustment with odds ratio (OR) 95 confidence interval (95 CI) OR = 0.98, 95 CI 0.91-1.05, P = 0.65 Besides, no significant association was seen between number of obstructed vessels and age at menarche (OR = 1.01; 95 CI 0.94-1.08, P = 0.76). Following the subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, it was observed that only individuals of Gilak ethnicity showed a significant association between a 1-year increase in age at menarche and the risk of PCAD (OR = 0.68, 95 CI 0.49-0.95, P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: This study suggested that age at menarche may not be connected to PCAD risk and number of obstructed vessels. However, ethnicity may have roles in terms of the relationship between age at menarche and PCAD. More longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate this relationship. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: IR.MUI.REC.1396.2.055
A Novel Approach Based on Integrating Radiomics, Bone Morphometry and Hounsfield Unit-Derived From Routine Chest CT for Bone Mineral Density Assessment
No full textRATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is the feasibility of using radiomics features, bone morphometry features (BM), and Hounsfield unit (HU) values obtained from routine chest computed tomography (CT) for assessing bone mineral density (BMD) status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 120 patients who underwent routine chest CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry examinations within a month. Whole thoracic vertebral bodies from routine chest CT images were segmented using the GrowCut semi-automatic segmentation method, and radiomics features, BM features, and HU values were extracted. To assess the intra- and inter-observer variability of segmentation, the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was utilized. Feature selection was carried out using the intra-class correlation coefficient and the Boruta algorithm. Six machine learning classification models were employed for classification in a three-class manner. The models' performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC). Other evaluation parameters of the models were calculated, including overall accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. RESULTS: The DSC values showed high similarity by achieving 0.907 +/- 0.034 and 0.887 +/- 0.048 for intra- and inter-observer segmentation agreement, respectively. After a two-stepwise feature selection, 21 radiomics features were selected. Different combinations of these radiomics features with five BM features and HU values were applied to six classification models for evaluating BMD. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) model based on integration of radiomics features and BM features in a three-class classification approach achieved higher performance compared to other models with an AUC of 0.981 (95 confidence interval (CI): 0.937-0.997) in normal BMD class, an AUC of 0.896 (95 CI: 0.826-0.944) in osteopenia class, and an AUC of 0.927 (95 CI: 0.866-0.967) in osteoporosis class. CONCLUSION: Using the MLP classification model based on a combination of radiomics features and BM features in a three-class classification approach can effectively distinguish different BMD conditions
Population-Based Survey of Urinary Incontinence, Overactive Bladder, and Other Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Five Developing Countries: Results of the BEBIC Study
No full textBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in five selected low and middle-income countries to provide appropriate evidence for other related studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multinational population-based cross-sectional survey between August 2019 and April 2021, validated questionnaires were used to assess LUTS in adults over 18 years from Iran, Egypt, Bangladesh, Brazil, and Cameroon. RESULTS: A total of 1477 participants from five countries completed the questionnaires. The mean age of participants was 43.5 +/- 15.7 years. 37.1 reported at least one episode of UI per week. UUI prevalence in different countries analysis showed that the commonest prevalence was reported in Cameron (40.0; n = 30), while the lowest was 15.0 (n = 31) in Brazil. Stress UI was common in Iran (38.7; n = 338), and Bangladesh had the lowest rate (7.8; n = 16). Urinary urgency was the common LUTS among participants (59.9, n = 818 out of 1477 participants). Nocturia was the other prevalent symptom among cases (50.6; 748 out of 1477 cases), and this symptom had a higher rate in elderly populations. Men reported voiding and postmicturition symptoms more frequently than women. Storage symptoms except for nocturia, including frequency, urgency, and UI were common in women while voiding symptoms, including straining, and intermittency were reported more frequently in men than women. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of urinary symptoms was reported in low to middle-income countries
The association between dietary intake of fats and transient global amnesia (TGA)
No full textBACKGROUND: Different types of dietary fat may influence memory and cognitive functions. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary fat intake and transient global amnesia (TGA). METHODS: This case-control study was conducted using Persian Sabzevar cohort data on 258 individuals with TGA and 520 individuals without amnesia in Sabzevar Iran. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the intake of dietary fats of the participants. All study participants were screened for TGA by a neurologist and their status was determined based on the diagnostic symptoms defined by the Kaplan and Hodges criteria. RESULTS: There was an inverse association between the risk of TGA and dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (OR = 0.94, CI95:0.88-0.99, P = 0.01). Also, a positive association was observed between TGA and dietary intake of n-6 fatty acids (OR = 1.18, CI 95: 1.04-1.33, P = 0.01). The results remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, education, job, marital status, physical activity, BMI, and calorie intake. CONCLUSION: Omega-3 fatty acids may have beneficial effects; however, omega-6 fatty acids may have adverse effects on the risk of amnesia. Further longitudinal studies are warranted
Behavioral and physiological pain structures of PIPP-R and parental stress: structural equation modeling approach
No full textBACKGROUND: Although most non-acute pain assessment tools are multi-dimensional (behavioral and physiological measures) in their approach, the outputs of such tools are considered unidimensional. This study aimed to explore and determine the behavioral and physiological pain structures of Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R) for neonates and its association with parental stress. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022-2023 in Isfahan, Iran. We recruited 400 pre-term infants, i.e. with gestational age (GA) of less than 37weeks who were admitted to the NICU of educational hospitals. PIPP-R and Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU) were used for data gathering. The latent structures of pain and its association with parental stress were explored using latent variable modeling approach. RESULTS: A two-factor model, i.e. behavioral and physiological pain factors, was extracted, explaining 65 of the total variance. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the identified structures in the exploratory factor analysis could be nearly replicated (CFI = 0.99، TLI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.001). Behavioral pain structure, independent from gestational age had a significant direct association with parental stress score (beta = 0.005, SE = 0.002, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: The PIPP-R assesses both behavioral and physiological pain factors. We also found that behavioral pain factor was associated with parental stress. IMPACT: These results may provide a potential clue for physicians, nurses, and parents to manage the pain in preterm infant. The PIPP-R scores in preterm infants consist of "Behavioral and Physiological" pain factors. Single dependence on behavioral indicators (such as facial expression) has some limitations. Multidimensional tools may be the optimal method in detecting pain in preterm infants. Parental stress can affect behavioral pain structure in preterm infants. Intensive care nurses play an effective role in reducing the parental stress and pain severity of these preterm infants by including the help of mothers in procedures and providing them with psychological support
The association between serum vitamin D levels and abnormal lipid profile in pediatrics: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies
No full textCONTEXT: Several studies have investigated the relationship between serum vitamin D and dyslipidemia in children and adolescents, but the findings have been contradictory. OBJECTIVE: The current systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis investigated the serum vitamin D - dyslipidemia relationship in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: ISI Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE databases, and Google Scholar, were searched up to December 2022. DATA EXTRACTION: Observational studies that investigated the odds of dyslipidemia in categories of serum vitamin D levels in children were included, and their data were extracted. DATA ANALYSIS: Pooling of 17 effect sizes from 15 studies (39 342 participants) showed that subjects with higher serum vitamin D had 27 lower odds of hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio OR = 0.73; 95% confidence interval CI: 0.60, 0.88). A meta-analysis of 18 effect sizes from 16 studies (39 718 participants) illustrated that highest vs lowest serum vitamin D was related to 22% lower odds of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.91). Also, a nonlinear association between serum vitamin D and odds of abnormal lipid profile was found: elevating values of 25-hydroxyvitamin D from 35 nmol/L to 55 nmol/L was associated with a decreasing trend in odds of hypertriglyceridemia, hyper low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypo HDL-cholesterolemia. However, no significant linear association was observed. Based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE), the certainty of all evidence was rated as high. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis revealed that the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely related to odds of abnormal serum triglycerides and HDL-c in children and adolescents. Increasing serum vitamin D from 35 nmol/L to 55 nmol/L was associated with a decreasing trend in the odds of abnormal serum triglycerides, HDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol in children. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. 42023400787
Modulation of Long Non-coding RNAs and MicroRNAs by Quercetin as a Potential Therapeutical Approach in Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
No full textCancer can take years to develop, both at its beginning and during its development. All typical epithelial cancers have a long latency period, sometimes 20 years or more, and if they are clinically detected, distinct genes may include infinite mutations. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a subset of RNAs that regulate many biological processes, including RNA processing, epigenetic control, and signal transduction. Current studies show that lncRNAs, which are dysregulated in cancer, play a significant function in the growth and spread of the illness. LncRNAs have been connected to the overexpression of specific proteins that function in tumors' spread and growth. Moreover, through translational inhibition, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulates gene expression sequence specifically. Apart from that, non-coding RNAs known as miRNAs, with a length of around 22 nucleotides, controls gene expressions in a sequence-specific way either by preventing translation or degrading messenger RNA (mRNA). Quercetin appears to have a significant role in altering miRNA and lncRNA expression, which is linked to variations in the production of oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and proteins produced from cancer. Quercetin may change the earliest epigenetic modifications related to cancer prevention in addition to its usual antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effects. It would be beneficial to have more in-depth information on how Quercetin modulates miRNAs and lncRNAs to use it as a cancer therapeutic strategy. Here, we go through what is known about Quercetin's potential to modulate miRNAs and lncRNAs in various malignancies
Is the Workload Indicators of Staffing Needs (WISN) method rigorous enough to tell us how many nurses we need in a general hospital?
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the practical use of the Workload Indicators of Staffing Needs (WISN) method in a general hospital in Iran. This method was used to determine the staffing needs of nurses in various hospital units, and the study examined the gap between the theoretical calculations and the actual use of the data in the hospital. Data was collected through a mixed-method approach including observations, interviews, and document analysis. The results showed that the WISN method indicated a surplus of nursing staff and no work pressure on nurses. However, the method did not account for the complexity of nurses managing multiple tasks simultaneously, and the low bed occupancy and low hospital revenue raised concerns about the excess of nurses obtained by the WISN method. The study suggests that decision-making on staff arrangements should not be solely based on WISN's numbers, and modalities of nursing care should also be considered. While the WISN method is important in determining nurse workload, it must be used with other factors to ensure the standard of patient care is not compromised. This study contributes to the understanding of the practical use of the WISN method in the context of Iran's healthcare system. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Comparing the stability of implants coated with nano PLGA-alendronate sodium: an in-vivo study
No full textObjective: Considering the effect of bone resorption-inhibiting drugs, such as bisphosphonates, on bone density, the present study evaluated the stability of implants coated with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-alendronate sodium. Methodology: Ten healthy Swiss rabbits were selected (mean weight: 3.5 kg). Two titanium implants were inserted in each rabbit’s tibia bone, one implant coated with PLGA-alendronate sodium and the other functioning as control. Torque meter equipment measured the amount of torque while inserting the implants. Insertion torque was measured during the initial insertion of the implants, and after 4 weeks, the rabbits were anesthetized again, the implants were exposed, and resistance torques were measured and recorded. Using a trephine bur, all implants and the surrounding bone structure were then removed for histological evaluation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate alendronate and PLGA biologically. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.v23 software with a significance level of p 0.05). Conclusion: The use of PLGA-alendronate sodium coating decreased the number of osteoclasts and macrophages and increased the stability of implant anchorage. © 2025 The Author(s)