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Evaluation of Incidence of Tibial Mal Rotation after Closed Tibial Intra-Medullary Nailing and its Effects on Clinical Outcomes of the Patients: A Prospective Study
No full textBackground: Incidence of tibial malrotation (more than 10 degrees of tibial rotation in comparison with contralateral tibia) following intramedullary fixation originally ranged from 0 to 6 and different complications were reported including: Cosmetic appearance concerns, impaired gait specially crouch gait when more than 30 degrees of malrotation happens, foot adopting a pes planus position. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed from January 2022 to June 2024. A total of 245 patients with tibial mid-diaphyseal fractures underwent closed intra medullary nailing and basic data including age of the patients, their genders, BMI and surgery durations and post-operative outcome variables including lower extremity functional scale (LEFS), six minute walk test (6 MWT) and SF 36 questionnaire were collected. Results: From 245 of the patients 237 of them were included in the study and basic data including age of the patients, their genders, BMI and surgery durations were not significantly different between two groups (P value > 0.05). Post-operative outcome variables including LEFS, 6 MWT and SF 36 questionnaire was measured and no significant difference between two groups is reported (P value > 0.05). Conclusion: Age, gender, BMI, and surgical time had no meaningful relationship with incidence of tibial malrotation after closed tibial intra medullary nailing. Clinical outcomes are not significantly different between two groups, which it means that tibial torsion will not affect clinical outcomes of the patients
Outcomes and prognostic factors in pediatric orbital trapdoor fracture: a multi-center study
No full textPurpose: To evaluate clinical presentations, computed tomography (CT) findings, and various prognostic factors affecting the surgical outcomes of trapdoor fractures. Methods: This retrospective multi-center study reviewed medical records and orbital CT scans of patients under 21 years old, diagnosed with isolated trapdoor fractures. The study was conducted across multiple medical centers, including emergency and clinical departments in Isfahan, Shiraz, and Tehran-Iran. The characteristics and outcomes following surgical intervention were assessed. Results: 45 patients with isolated trapdoor fractures were included in the study, with a mean age of 11.67 ± 4.69 years, predominantly male (84.4). Vehicle accidents was the major cause of fractures (31.1). 44 patients (97.8) had orbital floor fracture, and one patient (2.2) had medial wall involvement. Nausea/vomiting were reported in 41 patients (91.1). Surgical intervention within 2 days, resulted in 85.0 of patients experiencing no postoperative diplopia. Delayed surgery beyond 2 days showed increased odds of diplopia, although not statistically significant. CT scan findings suggested a lower risk of diplopia in patients with soft tissue entrapment compared to muscle involvement (OR: 0.336, 95 CI: 0.077–1.462, p = 0.146). Shorter time to surgery (within 2 days) was significantly associated with normal postoperative eye movements (p = 0.002). Nausea/vomiting were more prevalent in patients with muscle entrapment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Surgical intervention within 48 h is crucial for improving ocular motility following trapdoor fractures. Extraocular symptoms, including nausea/vomiting, should raise suspicion for trapdoor fractures in cases of orbital trauma associated with ocular movement impairment. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024
Trend of physical activity and sedentary time during pregnancy and related determinants
No full textAim: Usually physical activity (PA) declines from pre-pregnancy to different pregnancy trimesters. This study aimed to evaluate the patterns of PA and its related factors in pregnant women. Subject and methods: This longitudinal study was conducted among pregnant women. PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on demographic variables, BMI, some pregnancy complications, and season of pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the association between related factors with insufficient PA and excessive sedentary time (ST) in each trimester of pregnancy. Moreover, random effects logistic regression was used to determine the longitudinal association between studied variables and insufficient PA and excessive ST. Results: A total of 2900 pregnant women with a mean (SD) age of 29.96 (5.21) years were studied. The prevalence of insufficient PA (i.e., PA level less than 600 MET-min/week) from the first to the third trimester was 41.7, 41.9, and 43.17, respectively. The prevalence of excessive ST (i.e., ST more than 420 minutes a day) was 20.7, 20.7, and 19.3, respectively. There was significant association between risk of insufficient PA during pregnancy with baseline BMI status (OR (obes vs normal weight 0.73; 95 CI 0.55–0.97). The risk of insufficient PA of participants with vaginal bleeding in the first trimester and during pregnancy was nearly 50 more than pregnant women without this medical complication. Furthermore, there was significant association between the risks of insufficient PA in the first trimester with season of onset pregnancy. Conclusion: Longitudinal assessment of PA on data from this large study showed that the insufficient PA increased during pregnancy. Furthermore, the findings revealed that BMI status at onset of pregnancy and medical complication could affect the amount of PA of pregnant women during pregnancy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023
Investigating the Relationship between Food Intake and Severity of COVID-19 Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SASR-CoV-2) with pandemic potential in humans. Recent findings emphasize the importance of nutrition in preventing and controlling this virus. Given that no study has been conducted on the comparison of food intake with the severity of COVID-19 disease, this study was intended to compare food intake with the severity of COVID-19 disease in adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional-analytical study, the dietary patterns of 3018 inpatients (moderate and severe group) and 717 outpatients (mild group) were determined by using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A paired t-test was used to compare quantitative variables, and the chi-square test was used to compare qualitative variables. The comparison of food intake was done using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test. Findings: Between the two outpatient and inpatient groups, a significant difference was observed in the consumption of carbohydrates, protein, fat, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamins C, D, A, B6, B12, and zinc after adjusting for the effect of energy (P < 0.001). No difference was observed between consumption of saturated fat (P = 0.430), vitamins E (P = 0.170), B1 (P = 0.210), and B2 (P = 0.530). Conclusion: The consumption of total fat, MUFA and PUFA, vitamins C, D, A, B12, B6, and zinc was related to the severity of COVID-19. © 2025, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved
How Much is There a Correlation Between Clinical Symptoms and Urodynamic Findings of Overactive Bladder Patients?
No full textBackground & Objective: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a syndrome that has serious adverse effects on daily activities and therefore causes many economic burden and psychological consequences. The present study was conducted with aim to determine if there are differences between clinical symptoms and detrusor overactivity (DO) in patients with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on women with symptoms of overactive bladder referred to the urodynamic unit of pelvic floor clinic of Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center between February 2018 and December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups with DO (DO group) and without DO (NDO group) based on urodynamic findings and then compared in terms of demographic characteristics and urodynamic variables in filling and voiding phase. Results: Among the 125 analyzed patients, DO was diagnosed in 36 patients (28). DO group had older age (P=0.02), a greater number of menopause (P=0.03) and more disturbing urinary condition in the questionnaire (ICIQ-OAB) (P=0.02). Conclusion: As the results of this study showed, nearly one-third of OAB patients had DO. The presence of DO is associated with older age and has a greater effect on the quality of life. Also, they had lower first desire and maximal capacity in urodynamic study. © 2025
Piezo-biphasic scaffold based on polycaprolactone containing BaTiO3 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles using three-dimensional printing for bone regeneration
No full textThe present study intends to establish biphasic composite scaffolds containing polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) and PCL/barium titanate (PCL/BT) layers with improved mechanical and biological properties by preserving HA and tuning BT contents. The porous piezo-biphasic scaffolds were fabricated, using extrusion three-dimensional printer technology, and on the basis of the scanning electron microscopy results, a relative porosity of 210–250 µm was created. The presence of BT phase in the biphasic scaffolds was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analyses. The printed biphasic composites demonstrate suitable mechanical strength compared to one containing only 35 PCL and 65 HA compositions, which had a strength of 2.5 MPa. However, the strength for 80 BT-incorporated biphasic composite was almost 13.5 times higher than that of monolithic specimen. The measured output voltages for the scaffolds after being subjected to an electric field affirmed that adding BT nanoparticles in biphasic composites leads to an increase in the output voltage that was lower compared to the monolithic scaffold. The piezo-biphasic scaffold containing 80 BT is found to possess the highest enhancement in cytocompatibility for MG63 cells with the survival rate of approximately 95, rendering the PCL/HA–PCL/BT biphasic scaffolds promising candidates for bone regeneration. © 2024 The American Ceramic Society
Effect of Sufentanil Plus Propofol Versus Fentanyl Plus Propofol on the Cardiovascular Response to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation
No full textBackground: This study aims to determine the impact of fentanyl and sufentanil in combination with propofol on heart rate and blood pressure changes following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubatio. Methods: In this clinical trial, 96 patients undergoing laryngoscopy were allocated to three groups of 32 individuals each. The three groups received three µg/kg fentanyl, 0.3 µg/kg sufentanil, and a similar volume of normal saline along with other drugs during induction of anesthesia. Hemodynamic parameters were assessed and compared at baseline, just before laryngoscopy, and at minutes 1, 3, 5, and 10 after laryngoscopy across the three groups. Findings: During the study period, among the fentanyl, sufentanil, and normal saline groups, 15 (46.9), 2 (6.3), and 28 (87.5) patients experienced tachycardia, respectively (P < 0.01). Bradyarrhythmia occurred in 8 (25), 3 (9.4), and 1 (3.1) patients in the respective groups (P = 0.036). Additionally, 16 (50), 9 (28.1), and 24 (75) patients in the same order experienced increased blood pressure (P = 0.001), and the differences between the three groups were significant. Hypotension frequency was 2 (6.3), 2 (6.3), and 0 (0) in the three groups, with no significant difference between them (P = 0.54). Conclusion: Both propofol-fentanyl and propofol-sufentanil drug combinations, compared to the control group receiving propofol-normal saline, led to the modulation of blood pressure and heart rate in patients undergoing tracheal intubation. However, fewer hemodynamic disturbances, including tachycardia, bradyarrhythmia, and hypertension, were observed in sufentanil groups. © 2025 Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved
Colon delivery of agomelatine nanoparticles in the treatment of TNBS induced ulcerative colitis
No full textAgomelatine is an atypical antidepressant with a long half-life and the mechanism of action similar to melatonin. Agomelatine is a strong antioxidant and its anti-inflammatory effect has been reported in many studies. The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of agomelatine loaded in targeted nanoparticles (NPs) in an experimental colitis model induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone)-graft-(1-triacontene) (PVP-TA) and Eudragit (R)-FS30D polymers were used alone and in combination as time, pH and time/pH dependent formulations respectively. The optimal formula was selected according to their physicochemical properties such as particle size, morphology, and drug release pattern. Six separate groups of rats were induced with 0.5 ml of TNBS. The designed groups were: normal, untreated, agomelatine (25 mg/kg/d), agomelatine/ Eudragit (R)-FS30D NPs, agomelatine/ Eudragit-FS30D/PVP-TA NPs, and dexamethasone (Dex., 1 mg/kg/d). Twenty-four hours after the last administration, colonic tissue was analyzed for macroscopic and histopathological evaluations, along with quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. The results showed that the PVP-TA NPs alone was not suitable regarding to release profile and particle size distribution. However, Eudragit-FS30D NPs alone and Eudragit-FS30D + PVP-TA NPs passed physicochemical evaluations and were both effective in reducing the symptoms and indices of experimental colitis. Taken together, targeted NPs of agomelatine are potentially effective in treatment of ulcerative colitis
In vitro Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Effects of a Recombinant form of the Soluble Mutant IL-6 Receptor on an Ovarian Cancer Cell Line
No full textBackground: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in cancer metastasis. Therefore, it seems that inhibition of IL-6 may act as an anticancer agent. Objectives: This study examined the anti-proliferative and IL-6 signal transduction inhibitory effects of a mutant IL-6 receptor (mIL-6R) on an ovarian cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: The intein1-mIL-6R was expressed in E. coli BL21 at various inducer concentrations and temperatures. The expressed protein was purified using the IMPACT system, and the best-examined conditions (i.e., temperature, time, cleavage buffer pH) for intein1auto-cleavage were achieved. The anti-proliferative effects of mIL-6R on OVCAR-3 cancer cells were investigated using MTT assay and RT-PCR to determine its effects on suppressing the Results: The highest solubility of mIL-6R was obtained at 20 degrees C, 0.5 mM IPTG. The highest level of intein1 cleavage occurred at 25 degrees C, 24 hours of incubation, and pH = 4 of cleavage buffer. Also, mIL-6R diminished the survival of OVCAR-3 cells compared to PBS (p-value = 0.024), with 48 hours IC50 of 1.117 mu g/mL. Also, mIL-6R significantly reduced the expression of the JAK, STAT, and VEGF genes. Conclusion: The recombinant mIL-6R showed a strong concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effect on the OVCAR-3 cell line. However, it needs further evaluation for its potential activity against disorders associated with increased IL-6
Investigating the Anti-nociceptive Mechanism of Cinnamaldehyde in the Formalin Test in Mice
No full textBackground and objectives: Cinnamaldehyde has shown analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. At present little is known about mechanism of its anti-nociceptive activity and the role of serotonin, adrenergic, muscarinic, dopamine and opioid receptors as well as the nitric oxide signaling pathway in its anti-nociceptive effect has not been studied yet. The present study aimed to find out the mechanism of anti-nociceptive effect of cinnamaldehyde in formalin test. Methods: This experimental study involved 108 male Swiss mice. Cinnamaldehyde was administered intraperitoneally at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, and its anti-nociceptive effect was evaluated in the formalin test. Various antagonists and enzyme inhibitors were used to investigate the role of different receptors and pathways, including methylene blue, naloxone, and glibenclamide. All drugs were given intraperitoneally 30 minutes before formalin injection (20 mu L of 2.5 solution, v/v). Results: A dose of 100 mg/kg of cinnamaldehyde demonstrated the highest anti-nociceptive effect in both acute and chronic phases. Pretreatment of mice with the adrenergic receptor antagonists did not alter the anti-nociceptive effect of cinnamaldehyde. In the chronic phase of pain, a significant difference was observed between the cinnamaldehyde/atropine group and the cinnamaldehyde group. Also, the cinnamaldehyde+naloxone group showed a significant difference in the chronic phase compared to the cinnamaldehyde alone. Pretreatment with sulpiride partially inhibited cinnamaldehyde anti-nociception. Conclusions: The findings suggest that a variety of receptors including opioid, muscarinic and dopamine D2 receptors are involved in the antinociceptive effect of cinnamaldehyde