HAL ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse)
Not a member yet
16577 research outputs found
Sort by
Évaluation de la présence et de la diversité des cétacés de la baie de Skjálfandi (Islande) pendant la haute saison au moyen d’une surveillance acoustique passive
No full textThis study applies passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) to assess the presence and diversity of cetaceans in Skjálfandi Bay during May-June 2022. Five species were detected: humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris), and killer whale (Orcinus orca). Humpbacks and white-beaked dolphins increased in acoustic presence and vocal activity, while sperm whales decreased in both, and blue whales declined only in vocal activity. Humpbacks produced more moans and song components in the evening, but reduced calling efforts with ambient noise, favouring surface sounds. White-beaked dolphins vocalised more in the evening, and blue whales in the. Acoustic and visual data diverged, except for sperm whales, highlighting the complementarity of both methods. Despite limits, PAM proves valuable for long-term monitoring and species-specific datasets supporting future algorithmic tools.Cette étude utilise la surveillance acoustique passive (SAP) pour évaluer la présence et la diversité des cétacés de la baie de Skjálfandi en mai-juin 2022. Cinq espèces ont été identifiées : baleine à bosse (Megaptera novaeangliae), baleine bleue (Balaenoptera musculus), cachalot (Physeter macrocephalus), dauphin à bec blanc (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) et orque (Orcinus orca). La présence et l’activité vocale ont augmenté chez les baleines à bosse et les dauphins mais diminué chez les cachalots, seule l’activité vocale a baissé chez les baleines bleues. Les baleines à bosse émettaient plus de gémissements et de chants le soir, mais réduisaient leurs appels quand le bruit ambiant augmentait, préférant des sons de surface. Les dauphins vocalisaient plus le soir, les baleines bleues le matin. Les données acoustiques et visuelles divergeaient, sauf pour les cachalots. Malgré ses limites, la SAP confirme son intérêt pour le suivi à long terme et la création de bases de données pour de futurs outils algorithmiques
GenoPHEnix – a European research infrastructure to study genome and phenome interactions for sustainable animal production
No full textInternational audienceThe European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (RI) identified critical gaps for farm animal genotyping, phenotyping, conservation of genetic resources, and breeding necessitating a consolidated pan-European approach. To address this, the GenoPHEnix RI builds on 1) the international FAANG (Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes) initiative and the INFRADEV EuroFAANG concept development project to advance genotype to phenotype research in farmed animals, and 2) the INFRAIA projects AQUAEXCEL3.0, PIGWEB and SmartCow that have been instrumental in advancing efficient and ethical species-specific phenotyping methods for farmed animals. The GenoPHEnix RI aims to create a pan-European, multi-species, multidisciplinary platform for animal genetic resources, phenotyping, and sustainable breeding, focused on improving animal health, welfare, resilience, and efficiency. GenoPHEnix will support cutting-edge research in animal science while contributing to Replacement, Reduction and Refinement (3Rs) principles in animal experimentation and help the livestock and fish sector to develop sustainable production systems. GenoPHEnix RI will improve the leadership and excellence of European farmed animal research community by achieving 1) shared experimental capacity and access for genotyping and non-invasive large-scale phenotyping of farmed animals in complementary environmental conditions; 2) standardisation and FAIRisation of animal genome and phenome data; 3) expanded biobanking capabilities and access to animal genetic resources and cellular models, and 4) synergies with existing projects and other RIs to consolidate European farm animal research. GenoPHEnix will provide over 300 experimental and laboratory services and a training program for young scientists. Next to the consolidation of the FAANG data portal, GenoPHEnix aims to build new repositories on animal biosamples data and provide open access to phenotyping data
Multiplexed LC-MS analysis reveals novel insights into grapevine defense mechanisms by expanding metabolome coverage
No full textComprehensive metabolome characterization in complex plant matrices remains a major analytical challenge, particularly when studying biochemical responses to disease. Here, we present a multiplexed strategy integrating biphasic extraction with three orthogonal LC-MS methods—reverse-phase (RP), hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), and lipidomics-focused RP—to maximize the coverage of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) wood metabolome. This approach enabled the annotation of 1,425 unique features and unveiled a comprehensive landscape of grapevine chemical responses. Using a multi-block statistical integration framework (DIABLO), we delineated the contributions of each analytical modality and revealed distinct metabolomic and lipidomic signatures associated with fungal trunk pathogens (Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium minimum) and a biocontrol agent (Trichoderma atroviride, strain Vintec®). Notably, lipidomic analysis uncovered a critical role for oxidized fatty acids—specifically hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (13-HETE, 16(R)-HETE, and 11(R)-HETE)—as potential signaling molecules mediating plant defense. Compound classification using NPClassifier highlighted diverse biosynthetic classes, including phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, and sphingolipids, emphasizing the chemical heterogeneity of the grapevine response. This work establishes a versatile analytical pipeline for untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics in plant systems and underscores the necessity of method integration to elucidate signaling molecules in plant–pathogen interactions
Mise en pratique de l'anatomie des bovins pour l'apprentissage de la propédeutique et la sémiologie création d'un modèle 3D pour l'enseignement par simulation
No full textLearning propaedeutics and semiology requires a combination of theoretical knowledge, practical and sensory skills. Traditionally performed on live animals, current ethical and logistical constraints limit these experiments. Simulation offers a preliminary or complementary solution to enable students to repeat gestures and learn at their own pace, without stress for themselves or the animals.This thesis proposes an innovative teaching tool combining an anatomical cover painted on a life-size cow statue enriched by an augmented reality application. This multimodal device facilitates organ visualization, recognition of clinical signs and structuring of diagnostic reasoning, reinforcing the link between theory and practice, by centralizing reliable and relevant sources adapted to all learning levels.L’apprentissage de la propédeutique et la sémiologie nécessite de combiner connaissances théoriques, habiletés pratiques et sensorielle. Traditionnellement acquises sur animaux vivants, les contraintes éthiques et logistiques actuelles limitent ces expériences. La simulation offre une solution préalable ou complémentaire pour permettre aux étudiants la répétition des gestes et un apprentissage à leur rythme sans stress pour eux ou les animaux. Cette thèse propose un outil pédagogique innovant alliant une housse anatomique peinte sur une statue de vache taille réelle enrichie par une application de réalité augmentée. Ce dispositif multimodal facilite la visualisation des organes, la reconnaissance des signescliniques et la structuration du raisonnement diagnostique, renforçant ainsi le lien entre théorie et pratique, en centralisant des sources fiables et pertinentes adaptées à tous les niveaux d’apprentissage
Caractérisation par séquençage Sanger de coronavirus félins responsables de formes oculaires de péritonite infectieuse féline
No full textFeline coronavirus (FCoV), endemic in cats, can mutate and target macrophages, causing feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Two mutations in the Spike protein (M1058L, S1060A) are associated with the disease. Long considered incurable, FIP classically manifests as either the effusive or non-effusive form, but can also be limited to uveitis. Our study involved 193 FCoV-positive aqueous humor samples, divided into two groups presenting with uveitis with or without systemic signs. We analyzed the M1058L and S1060A mutations in 77 samples by sequencing the S gene. The results show a correlation between these mutations and systemic forms of FIP. Conversely, viruses detected in cats presenting uveitis alone exhibited the genomic profile of feline enteric coronavirus (FECV).Le coronavirus félin (FCoV), endémique chez les chats, peut muter et cibler les macrophages, provoquant ainsi la péritonite infectieuse féline (PIF). Deux mutations de la protéine de Spicule (M1058L, S1060A) sont associées à la maladie. Longtemps considérée comme incurable, la PIF se manifeste classiquement sous forme humide ou sèche, mais peut aussi se limiter à une uvéite. Notre étude porte sur 193 échantillons FCoV-positifs d’humeur aqueuse, répartis en deux groupes présentant une uvéite avec ou sans signes systémiques. Nous avons analysé les mutations M1058L et S1060A sur 77 échantillons par séquençage du gène S. Les résultats montrent une corrélation entre ces mutations et les formes systémiques de la PIF. À l’inverse, les virus détectés chez les chats présentant uniquement une uvéite possèdent le profil génomique du coronavirus félin entérique (FECV)
Acetate as a metabolic booster for glucose-based bioproduction in Escherichia coli
No full textEscherichia coli, a key workhorse in industrial biotechnology, is commonly grown on glucose, which supports rapid growth but leads to acetate overflow, which instead inhibits growth, diverts carbon from the production pathway, and reduces productivity. Recent studies suggest that acetate may also have beneficial effects in glucose-grown E. coli, but its potential in bioprocesses remains unexplored. In this study, we systematically investigated acetate's impact on bioproduction using a kinetic model of glucose and acetate metabolism in E. coli. The model predicts that acetate can enhance bioproduction in glucose-grown E. coli through three mechanisms: (i) by minimizing acetate overflow, thereby reducing carbon loss, (ii) by increasing acetyl-CoA levels, thereby boosting the biosynthetic flux of acetyl-CoA-derived compounds, and (iii) by promoting biomass accumulation, thus improving overall productivity. We experimentally validated the predictions of the model for mevalonate and 3-hydroxypropionate production, where acetate supplementation increased productivity by 117% and 34%, respectively. Our findings provide a valuable framework for optimizing E. coli-based bioprocesses and highlight acetate's underutilized potential in biotechnology. By leveraging acetate from waste streams as a metabolic booster, this approach could contribute to more sustainable and environmentally friendly bioprocesses. Highlights:-A kinetic model was used for rational optimization of E. coli-based bioprocesses -Acetate can enhance growth and production of acetyl-CoA-derived bioproducts -Model predictions were validated for mevalonate and 3-hydroxypropionate production -Acetate can be used as a metabolic booster for glucose-based bioproduction in E. coli.</div
Overflow metabolism in bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells: different names, same game
No full textInternational audienceOverflow metabolism refers to the widespread phenomenon of cells excreting metabolic by-products into their environment. Although overflow is observed in virtually all living organisms, it has been studied independently and given different names in different species. This review highlights emerging evidence that overflow metabolism is governed by common principles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. We examine the similarities and specificities in the structure, function, and regulation of overflow pathways in bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells, with a focus on model species and common by-products. Our reinterpretation of previous findings points to the existence of universal principles governing overflow fluxes. We also emphasize the need to reconsider the roles of overflow metabolites, not as cellular stress-inducing toxic waste, but as nutrients and regulators, influencing metabolism at both cellular and community levels, often to the benefit of the producing cells. Finally, we review prevailing theories of overflow metabolism and explore avenues toward a potential unified theory of overflow. This review offers fundamental insights into this widespread metabolic process and proposes a conceptual foundation for future research
Effects of Chlorella Supplementation in the Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Review of Clinical and Experimental Studies
No full textInternational audienceAims: This review aimed to evaluate the potential of Chlorella supplementation as a natural alternative for the prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia, emphasizing its nutritional profile, bioactive compounds, and effects on hematological parameters. Study Design: Systematic and descriptive-analytical review of clinical and experimental studies. Place and Duration of Study: Studies published between 2014 and 2024, conducted in different regions, were included without geographical restriction. Methodology: A total of 70 scientific articles were initially identified. After applying eligibility criteria and assessing methodological quality, 36 studies were selected for analysis. The review was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using controlled descriptors and Boolean operators, such as ("nutritional profile" OR "nutritional composition") AND ("Chlorella vulgaris" OR "Chlorella spp"); ("Anemia" AND "Chlorella microalgae"); ("Iron Supplementation"); and ("proteins" OR "lipids" OR "carbohydrates" OR "amino acids" OR "antioxidants" OR "bioactive compounds"). Results: Evidence suggests that Chlorella supplementation may improve hematological parameters, particularly hemoglobin levels, due to its high iron bioavailability and additional nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Compared with conventional therapies, Chlorella was generally associated with better tolerability and fewer adverse effects, potentially improving adherence. However, the absence of large-scale, long-term trials and limited direct comparisons with pharmaceutical iron restrict the generalization of current findings. Conclusion: Chlorella represents a promising complementary approach for the management of mild to moderate iron-deficiency anemia. Further multicenter and long-term clinical trials are required to confirm its efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness, as well as to define its potential role in standard therapeutic protocols
Transmissibility model to evaluate transgenerational transmission of environmental effects in quails
No full textInternational audienceBoth genetic and non-genetic information, which contribute to the development of phenotypes, can be transmitted across generations. Non-genetic information can be modified by the environment, allowing environmental effects to be transmitted to the next generation. The objective of the present study is to use an experimental design in quail combined with the transmissibility models, to demonstrate the vertical transmission of environmental effects. The study involved creating two lines: a control line and a treatment line, where female quails were fed a genistein-supplemented diet. Genistein is an endocrine disruptor that affects methylation patterns. Then reproduction of these lines was conducted in a mirrored mating design over three generations, with a total of 1,566 animals studied. Quails underwent behavioral tests measuring locomotor activity and were weighed at one, four, and seven weeks of age. At slaughter, body and abdominal adipose weights were recorded. The transmissibility model was a mixed model with fixed effects of rearing condition, sex, generation, age at time of measurement and direct effect of the genistein (on the animal, embryo and germ cells) and the random effect of the transmissible potential of the animal which transmissibility matrix contains sire and dam path coefficients of transmission that have to be estimated conversely to the genetic model where they are fixed to 0.5. The transmissibility model with environment included additional covariance for offspring of genistein-fed dams which is then transmitted to next generations via sires and dams. Models were chosen according to likelihood ratio test. The proportion of transmitted variance varied from 0.34 (at 1 week) to 0.72 (at 7 weeks) for body weight, 0.20 for the behavioral trait and 0.22 for adiposity. The estimated sire and dam path coefficients ranged from 0.42 to 0.52, but were not significantly different from 0.50. With the transmissibility model with environment, the additional covariance was significantly different from zero for body weight traits, indicating transgenerational transmission of genistein’s effects. This value corresponded to a high correlation at one week (0.44) but low for other body weight traits. The transmissibility model with environment demonstrated the transgenerational transmission of genistein-induced environmental effects on body weight traits in quail, putatively mediated by epigenetic inheritance. The findings suggest that beneficial environmental factors can positively impact multiple generations, and combining this with genetic selection could accelerate adaptation to new environmental challenges
Evolution of hepatobiliary involvement in cystic fibrosis children on CFTR modulators
No full textInternational audienceBackground: There are great changes in cystic fibrosis (CF) disease following introduction of modulator treatments. We aimed to focus on the evolution of hepatobiliary involvement following lumacaftor-ivacaftor (LI) and elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) initiation. Methods: A retrospective monocentric observational study included 62 CF children treated with CFTR modulators. Data were collected at initiation and after one year of treatment. The primary objective was to describe the evolution of hepatobiliary involvement under CFTR modulator treatment. Results: We identified hepatobiliary involvement before treatment in 37 patients (59.7 %). Fifteen had persistently (during >6 months) elevated liver enzymes (mostly ALT); 17 had abnormal ultrasound including 3 with nodular liver and 3 with pathological elastography; 5 had isolated splenomegaly. Biliary involvement was found in 19 patients. The evolution of hepatic parameters in the overall population was not significant (p > 0.05). However, we observed a trend towards improvement in laboratory values under treatment. There was only one inaugural diagnosis of nodular liver under LI and none under ETI. All patients had preserved liver function (PT>50 %). Conclusions: We did not find a significant improvement or worsening of hepatobiliary involvement under CFTR modulators. We hypothesize that it could be stabilized with these treatments, but this will need confirmation through further studies with longer follow-up and larger cohorts. The other hypothesis proposed is that biological monitoring may not be an accurate assessment of the hepatobiliary response to modulators. This study supports the safety of CFTR modulator use