HAL ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse)
Not a member yet
16577 research outputs found
Sort by
Green cities and the risk for vector-borne disease transmission for humans and animals: a scoping review
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Greening cities is a nature-based strategy to sustainable urban development that integrates natural elements like plants or water bodies, to mitigate climate change impacts and enhance human well-being. However, urban green infrastructures (UGIs) can influence the distribution of disease vectors, potentially affecting vector-borne diseases (VBDs). UGIs may provide new suitable environments for urban vectors, while also creating opportunities to mitigate VBD risks through predation, competition, and dilution effects. This article examined the relationships between UGIs, vectors, and associated pathogens, impacting both human and animal health, highlighting knowledge gaps and identifying research priorities to support VBD risk mitigation measures and to guide smart urban planning and design. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines in three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science). Selected articles involved (i) any aspect of a urban vector system, (ii) in UGIs, and (iii) statistically analyzing the effects of UGIs on VBD risk. Methods employed to characterize UGIs and VBDs were described and the identified impacts were summarized by vector group. Results: Among the 99 articles reviewed, most addressed mosquito-pathogen systems (67) and tick-pathogen systems (29), with studies often confined to a single city or several cities within the same country and focused on one vector group. Urban vegetation generally appeared to heighten the risk of tick-borne diseases. In contrast, the influence of UGIs on the risk of mosquito-borne diseases varied depending on the vector system and on the environmental and climatic context. The diversity of indicators used to assess UGIs and VBD risks may affect the observed impact on VBD risk. Conclusion: Given the increasing popularity of urban greening, it is crucial to investigate its potential implications for public health, and thereby urban planning decisions. However, the lack of standardized protocols complicates the accurate assessment of the effects of UGIs on the risk for VBD emergence and transmission and consequently, on potential mitigation measures
Agir sur la génétique de l'hôte pour moduler la composition du microbiote : exemple chez le porc
No full textNational audienceLes populations de microorganismes qui forment le microbiote sont caractérisée par leur diversité, les abondances relatives des genres bactériens ou leur assemblage en écosystèmes. Le rôle du microbiote, en particulier le microbiote intestinal, sur les performances de l’hôte est de mieux en mieux documenté chez les animaux d’élevage. Comprendre l’influence des caractéristiques de l’hôte et analyser les interactions hôte-microbiote est encore un vaste champ d’étude. En prenant comme exemple le porc, des résultats expérimentaux montrent les voies possibles de l’utilisation de leviers génétiques pour influencer la composition du microbiote. L’objectif, à terme, est d’élaborer des stratégies de sélection des populations animales en prenant en compte le microbiote pour mieux comprendre, prédire et piloter les phénotypes de l’hôte
Réalisation d’un support de formation vidéo ludique et interactif pour l’apprentissage de l’écoute active des étudiants vétérinaires : application en clientèle d’animaux de compagnie
No full textActive listening, one of the fundamental pillars of interpersonal communication, is a non-technical skill in the veterinary profession, yet it is essential in practice. This skill can be learned and is taught unevenly across French veterinary schools (ENV). To provide an educational resource in interpersonal communication, this thesis work involves the design and creation of an e-learning content for students to complete autonomously, with an interactive objective to engage their attention. After drafting t he scenarios, the editing of these various videos was done using the DaVinci Resolve editing software and then imported and processed using the H5p extension on the Moodle platform. Although insufficient on its own, this module represents an interesting and useful pedagogical tool in the teaching of active listening for veterinary students.L’écoute active, un des piliers fondamentaux de la communication interpersonnelle est une compétence dite non technique du métier de vétérinaire et pourtant essentielle dans sa pratique. Cette compétence peut s’apprendre, et elle est enseignée de manière inégale au sein des ENV françaises. Dans le but d’apporter un élément de formation en communication interpersonnelle, ce travail de thèse consiste en la conception et la réalisation d’un contenu d’e-learning à effectuer en autonomie pour les étudiants, avec un objectif d’interactivité permettant de captiver leur attention. Après un travail de rédaction de scénarii, le montage de ces différentes vidéos a été réalisé sur le logiciel de montage DaVinci Resolve et ensuite importés et traités grâce à l’extension H5p sur la plateforme pédagogique Moodle. Bien que non suffisant, ce module constitue un élément pédagogique utile et intéressant dans l’apprentissage de l’écoute active pour des étudiants vétérinaires
Comparative analysis of dietary iron deprivation and supplementation in a murine model of colitis
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions with growing prevalence in western populations. Iron is an essential component of erythrocytes hemoglobin. Under the influence of elevated hepcidin production, iron is sequestered in cells during inflammation which, in turn, leads to iron restriction for red blood cell synthesis. As a consequence, iron deficiency and anemia of inflammation are the most prevalent extraintestinal complications in IBD patients. Iron deficiency is commonly treated with oral iron supplements, with limited efficacy as iron absorption is blunted during intestinal inflammation. Moreover, iron supplementation can cause intestinal complications, as previous studies have shown that it can worsen the inflammatory response. However, a comparative analysis of the effects of low, adequate, and high dietary iron content matching the iron supplementation given to patients has not been performed in mice. We therefore tested the impact of dietary iron deprivation and supplementation in a murine model of colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate. We found that both dietary iron deprivation and supplementation were accompanied by a more severe inflammation with earlier signs of gastrointestinal bleeding compared to mice fed an iron‐adequate diet. The manipulation of dietary iron led to a profound dysbiosis in the colon of control mice that differed depending on the dietary iron content. Analysis of this dysbiosis is in line with a pronounced susceptibility to colonic inflammation, thus questioning the benefit/risk balance of oral iron supplementation for IBD patients
Research on pastoralism in France: state of play and key issues: For the 2026 International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists
No full text2 pages brochureA working group of around thirty people from different disciplines within INRAE’s Joint Research Units (Animal scientists, Geneticists, Economists, Agronomists, Environmental scientists, Sociologists, Geographers) is structuring a reflection on the contribution of research to the preservation, adaptation and development of pastoralism
Feline coronavirus-associated uveitis: The eye as a gateway to systemic spread and feline infectious peritonitis?
No full textInternational audienceFeline coronavirus (FCoV) is a virus endemic in cat populations. Specific genomic mutations give it a strong tropism for macrophages, allowing systemic infection and the development of a disease known as feline infectious peritonitis. This disease takes various clinical presentations, and can manifest as uveitis. Two mutations in the spike protein have been identified as possibly associated with FIP: mutations M1058L and S1060A. 193 clinical samples of aqueous humor were collected, all PCR-positive for feline coronavirus. Samples were taken either from cats with a clinical picture compatible with an ocular form of FIP (with uveitis and general clinical signs), or from cats with uveitis only. We sequenced the region of the S gene coding for positions 1058 and 1060 for 77 samples. The aim of the study was to determine whether viruses from cats with clinical signs compatible with FIP were more likely to harbor the M1058L and S1060A mutations. Our results confirm that these mutations are associated with severe disease, and also show that ocular samples from cats with uveitis alone are more likely to contain FECV
Relationship between body composition of live pigs determined by imaging X-ray techniques and chemical analysis
No full textInternational audienceThe reference methods for measuring body composition of live pigs include slaughtering, cutting, and dissection, or mincing and chemical analyses. By using non-destructive methods to measure body composition and bone mineralization of live pigs, the slaughter could be avoided. Some of these methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT) are X-ray based and enable to predict LEAN, FAT and BONE composition quickly, after adjusting raw data to accurately reflect the chemical values. The aim of this work was to carry out a joint evaluation of the body composition of pigs using DXA and CT and to see its relation to those determined chemically. For this purpose, 48 pigs (barrows and gilts) were fed diets with different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus to obtain a wide range in body composition and bone mineralization. Pigs were anesthetized and scanned with DXA and CT at around 160 days of age. Pigs were slaughtered the following day, minced, and later chemically analyzed for protein (PROT), water (WAT), lipid (LIP) and ASH content. Pearson correlations between predicted data from DXA, CT and chemical variables and a principal component analysis were carried out with XLStat. Results show that the correlations between LEAN and PROT or WAT and between FAT and LIP were very high (0.92-0.99) while those between BONE and ASH were lower (0.74-0.81). Correlations between DXA and CT raw variables were high for LEAN (0.93), FAT (0.98) and a bit lower for BONE (0.81). To conclude, despite differences in the absolute values of the raw measurements, there exists a strong correlation between DXA and CT compared to chemical analysis results. This robust relationship would allow the development of accurate calibration equations, enabling reliable conversion between the two methods. EU Horizon 2020 Research & Innovation program: PIGWEB grant #101004770
Composition of the fecal, vaginal and colostrum microbiotas of dams at parturition and their relationship with neonatal outcomes in dogs
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Microbial seeding in early life is critical for the host's short- and long-term health, and the mother is the first source of bacteria for the newborn. The objective of this study was to characterize the maternal fecal, vaginal, and colostral microbiotas in the canine species one day after parturition and to evaluate the relationship between the microbial profiles of 36 dams and the neonatal outcomes of 284 newborns.Results: The first part of the study revealed the presence of 2 fecal, 3 vaginal, and 2 colostral microbial clusters on the basis of the core microbiota of the dams. Among these three maternal microbiotas, only the vaginal microbiome was found to be associated with neonatal outcomes. Compared with those in the other clusters, females in Cluster 1, with the lowest stillbirth and neonatal mortality ratios, presented a greater abundance of Moraxellaceae in their vaginal microbiota; Cluster 2, with a greater abundance of Pasteurellaceae, mostly from the Haemophilus genus; and Cluster 3 (with the highest stillbirth and neonatal mortality ratios), a greater abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, mostly E. coli. Moreover, Cluster 3 dams presented significantly lower species richness according to the Shannon index than did dams from the other clusters.Conclusions: This study underscores the strong association between maternal microbiota, particularly the vaginal microbiota, and newborn health. The results of this study call for further research to gain a deeper understanding of the optimal vaginal microbiota composition in canine species and the ways to modulate it to improve neonatal outcomes
Effets d'une exposition prolongée aux mycotoxines sur les oxylipines cérébrales chez les poules pondeuses
No full textThe aim of this work is to describe the effect of mycotoxins administered at a dose of 20 mg FB1+FB2/kg and 1 mg ZEA/kg feed for 28 days on cerebral oxylipidoma in laying hens. Oxylipin (OL) concentrations were measured by mass spectrometry. Four brain regions were analyzed. The main results obtained showed that OL composition varied according to the portion of the brain, as did the effects of fumonisins. Multivariate least squares analyses (PLS-DA) and univariate analyses (ANOVA) identified the LOs most affected by fumonisins, such as 17-oxo-DPA (Pvalue at 0.005) in the brainstem or 8,9-EpETrE (Pvalue at 0.001) in the cerebellum. The hemisphere appears to be the region least sensitive to fumonisins. The cyclooxygenase metabolic pathway appears to be the least discriminating. Oxylipins derived from arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid appear to be the most affected.L’objectif de ce travail est de décrire l’effet de mycotoxines administrées à la dose de 20 mg FB1+FB2/kg et de 1 mg ZEA/kg d’aliment pendant 28 jours sur l’oxylipidome cérébral des poules pondeuses. Les concentrations en oxylipines (OL) ont été mesurées par spectrométrie de masse. Quatre régions du cerveau ont été analysées. Les principaux résultats obtenus montrent que la composition en OL varie selon la région du cerveau, de même que les effets des fumonisines. Des analyses multivariées des moindres carrés (PLS-DA) et des analyses univariées (ANOVA) ont permis d’identifier les OL les plus affectées par les fumonisines, telles que le 17-oxo-DPA (Pvalue à 0,005) dans le tronc cérébral ou le 8,9-EpETrE (Pvalue à 0,001) dans le cervelet. L’hémisphère semble être la région la moins sensible aux fumonisines. La voie métabolique de la cyclooxygénase semble la moins discriminante. Les oxylipines issues de l’acide arachidonique et de l’acide eicosapentaénoïque seraient les plus impactés
