HAL ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse)
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Updates for Goat SNP Chips
No full textInternational audienceThe third update of the Illumina Goat SNP chip represents a significant advancement in the genomic tools available for goat breeding and genetic research. This updated SNP chip incorporates a comprehensive array of 78491 SNPs, 30 indels, and 267 structural variants (including 1478 duplicates) that were specifically selected to enhance the genomic resolution for diverse goat breeds. In this talk, we report the design and development process of the updated SNP chip, including the selection of around 22 thousand new variants, which improve coverage across key genomic regions. Markers associated with important traits such as resistance to paratuberculosis, and variation in the casein gene region have been included. Furthermore, markers predicted to have a high impact on protein function and those frequently identified in genotyping-by-sequencing datasets were also incorporated. The validation of the chip was conducted using 384 goats representing over 20 breeds, resulting in successful clustering of 79,538 variants. This updated SNP chip is expected to facilitate the discovery of the genetic basis of traits of economic interest in goats, paving the way for improved breeding programs and better management of goat populations. The advancements made in this update hold the potential to significantly impact goat production and research, ultimately contributing to genetic improvement and sustainability in the livestock sector
Mise à jour du site internet d’anatomie imagerie de l’ENVT
No full textThis thesis focused on the complete redesign of the ENVT anatomy department’s website, with the aim of creating a centralized, evolving digital platform validated by the teaching staff. Built using Wordpress, the site brings together reliable educational resources accessible to students, including an original video module dedicated to dissection sessions, specifically produced as part of this work. To enhance clarity and pedagogical value, these videos are accompanied by detailed descriptive sheets based on the Photographic Atlas of Myology and Neurology of the Sheep. This dual approach, visual and textual, strengthens knowledge acquisition and supports diverse learning methods. The website was designed as a long-term tool, to be maintained and enriched by the department after the thesis. It also anticipates the progressive integration of innovative content such as serious games, 3D anatomical models, and a future scanner image bank in collaboration with the imaging department.Ce travail de thèse a consisté en la refonte complète du site internet du service d’anatomie de l’ENVT, dans le but de proposer une plateforme numérique centralisée, évolutive et validée par les enseignants. Conçu à l’aide de Wordpress, ce site regroupe des ressources pédagogiques fiables, accessibles aux étudiants, notamment un module vidéo inédit dédié aux séances de dissection, réalisé spécifiquement dans le cadre de cette thèse. Afin d’en améliorer la lisibilité et l’exploitation pédagogique, ces vidéos sont accompagnées de fiches descriptives détaillées, élaborées à partir de l’atlas photographique de myologie et de neurologie de la brebis. Cette double approche, visuelle et textuelle, permet de renforcer l’ancrage des connaissances et de répondre aux différentes modalités d’apprentissage. Le site est pensé comme un outil pérenne, destiné à être enrichi par le service après la thèse. Il prévoit également l’intégration progressive de contenus innovants tels que des serious games, des modèles 3D ou une future banque de scanners anatomiques, en lien avec le service d’imagerie
Main genetic factors associated with inflammatory bowel diseases and their consequences on intestinal permeability: involvement in gut inflammation
No full textInternational audienceCrohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two main subtypes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), are chronic relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD are multifactorial diseases with a complex etiology, involving an intricate interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Since the discovery of NOD2 gene in 2001, genome-wide association studies have reported more than 200 IBD susceptibility loci. The strongest associations highlighted five main pathways as altered in IBD: bacterial sensing ( NOD2 ), autophagy ( ATG16L1 , IRGM…) , endoplasmic reticulum stress ( XBP1 , ARG2… ), Th-17 immune pathway (IL23-receptor), and the vitamin D receptors (VDR). The pathophysiology of IBD results from an abnormal immune response toward an altered gut microbiota. Although the primum movens remains unknown, an increased intestinal permeability is clearly involved in the genesis of this abnormal crosstalk, leading to whole tissue inflammation. Thus, an excessive intestinal permeability, or “leaky gut”, has been described to precede the development of CD. Moreover, in IBD, intestinal permeability is described to be a sensitive prognostic indicator of relapse in patients with quiescent IBD. Thus, the aim of this review is to highlight the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which the main pathways associated with IBD could contribute to alter the intestinal permeability to favour and/or exacerbate chronic inflammation, leading to debilitating diseases
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Is a Universal Counter-Selectable Marker for DNA-Free Genome Editing in Oomycetes
No full textInternational audienceCRISPR-Cas genome editing is a powerful tool for understanding the pathogenicity of oomycetes, a group that includes several destructive plant parasites. While few Phytophthora species have benefited from plasmid-based transformation methods for gene overexpression and RNAi silencing, these techniques remain inefficient for other oomycete genera such as Pythium and Aphanomyces. Here, we explored the applicability of DNA-free endogenous counter-selection in filamentous oomycetes, using CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). We used biolistics to deliver RNPs targeting the Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APT) gene, and generated selectable 2-fluoroadenine-resistant mutants in Aphanomyces, Pythium, and Phytophthora species. Targeted mutagenesis resulted in various deletions at the expected cut-sites, confirming efficient genome editing. Knockout mutants exhibited no alterations in growth or virulence, making APT a suitable selectable marker gene for oomycete research. Whole genome comparative analyses on CRISPR-edited mutants revealed no or very few additional mutations in A. euteiches and P. oligandrum, and substantial off-target effects in P. capsici. This one-step approach circumvents the need for protoplast generation and can be broadly applied to oomycetes producing zoospores or oospores
AI-Powered Acoustic Diagnostics: Advancing Respiratory Health and Animal Welfare
No full textInternational audienceBovine Respiratory Disease presents a significant global challenge, necessitating innovative diagnostic solutions for early treatment to protect animal health and welfare. Acoustic biomarkers offer an exciting and non-invasive method for assessing respiratory functionality. In this study, 28 healthy, unweaned calves were divided into four groups to represent a range of respiratory dynamics: (1) antibiotic-treated and infected with influenza D virus (IDV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and Mycoplasma bovis; (2) non-antibiotic-treated but infected; (3) antibiotic-treated and non-infected; and (4) non-antibiotic-treated and non-infected. The animals were monitored for clinical symptoms from 15 days before infection to 21 days after infection. The study aimed to develop an AI-driven diagnostic tool that identifies cough sounds as early biomarkers for respiratory diseases using continuous acoustic data. Of the 2,728 hours of recordings collected (~7 hours per sensor per day), a preliminary subset was processed for feature extraction using Wav2Vec2 without extensive preprocessing. A HuBERT-based model (ls960) classified 1,045 cough and non-cough events from 86 hours of recordings, achieving an impressive 92% accuracy. Precision and recall values were 0.94/0.95 for non-coughs and 0.87/0.87 for coughs. To validate these results, a Gaussian Generalized Additive Model was applied to compare AI-derived cough scores with veterinary assessments of clinical symptoms. The analysis revealed no significant difference, demonstrating that the AI-powered approach is on par with veterinary evaluations. This method is non-invasive, cost-effective, and capable of providing autonomous real-time data, enabling prompt interventions to safeguard animal health and welfare
Omega-3 EPA Supplementation Shapes the Gut Microbiota Composition and Reduces Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II in Aged Wild-Type and APP/PS1 Alzheimer’s Mice: A Pilot Experimental Study
No full textInternational audienceBackground/Objectives: Neuroinflammation, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory signaling molecules, including cytokines and eicosanoids, as well as increased microglial reactivity, and is augmented by gut microbiota dysbiosis via the gut–brain axis. We conducted a pilot experiment to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effects of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the gut microbiota and neuroinflammation. Methods: Female APP/PS1 mice (TG) and non-transgenic littermates (WT), 13–14 months old, were fed a diet supplemented with 0.3% EPA or control chow for 3 weeks. The gut microbiota composition, hippocampal and plasma eicosanoids levels, platelet activation, and microglial phagocytosis, as well as the brain and retinal genes and protein expression, were analyzed. Results: EPA supplementation decreased the percentage of Bacteroidetes and increased bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes in APP/PS1 and WT mice. Inflammatory lipid mediators were elevated in the hippocampus of the TG mice, accompanied by a reduction in the endocannabinoid docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHEA). Dietary EPA did not affect hippocampal lipid mediators, but reduced the levels of arachidonic-derived 5-HETE and N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) in WT plasma. Moreover, EPA supplementation decreased major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) gene expression in the retina in both genotypes, and MHCII+ cells in the hippocampus of TG mice. Conclusions: This pilot study showed that short-term EPA supplementation shaped the gut microbiota by increasing butyrate-producing bacteria of the Firmicutes phylum and decreasing Gram-negative LPS-producing bacteria of the Bacteroidetes phylum, and downregulated the inflammatory microglial marker MHCII in two distinct regions of the central nervous system (CNS). Further investigation is needed to determine whether EPA-mediated effects on the microbiome and microglial MHCII have beneficial long-term effects on AD pathology and cognition
Acute and chronic systemic inflammation associated with canine nodular splenic lesions composed of heterogeneous cell components: four cases (2020‐2024)
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: To describe the clinical presentation and clinicopathological findings of dogs with nodular splenic lesions composed of heterogeneous cell components associated with systemic inflammation and to provide information on the outcome after surgical resection.Materials and Methods: Medical records were searched for dogs with histologically and immunohistochemically characterised nodular splenic lesions with mixed stromal, histiocytic and lymphoid cells and the presence of systemic inflammatory markers at the time of diagnosis.Results: Four dogs were included, of which three had an undifferentiated splenic stromal sarcoma and one had a splenic leiomyosarcoma. Fever and abdominal pain were reported in three and four cases, respectively. All dogs showed hyperglobulinaemia and marked changes in the serum protein electrophoresis profile. C-reactive protein and fibrinogen concentrations were both increased in three cases.These abnormalities completely resolved after splenectomy. Moreover, two dogs had concomitant glomerular disease and one dog had liver amyloidosis. Three dogs were still alive and asymptomatic 1, 6 and 9 months after surgery. One dog died 16 months after the initial presentation due to complications related to progressive renal failure. Clinical significance: Based on this report, nodular splenic lesions with heterogeneous cell components may directly be associated with a pro-inflammatory state and should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis of fever and hyperglobulinaemia in dogs. Furthermore, early recognition and treatment of these lesions could reduce the risk of systemic complications potentially associated with amyloid deposit and organ failure
What is the value of Imaging Mass Spectrometry coupled with Ion mobility to discriminate biomarkers? Study of a steatotic liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction case
No full textInternational audienceMass spectrometry imaging -MSI- is a cutting-edge technique for visualizing the distribution of molecules within biological tissues. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization -MALDI- imaging mass spectrometry is a well-established technique for the direct mapping of biomolecules in tissues. MALDI imaging coupled to ion-mobility separation dimension aids in deconvoluting these complex desorbed ion mixtures and can reveal the upregulation or downregulation of isomers. In this work, we demonstrated that MALDI quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) coupled to Trapped Ion Mobility -TIMS- spectrometry helped to visualize and discriminate biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Sixteen liver samples from mice fed for 13 weeks chow and western diets were analyzed by untargeted MALDI-TIMS-MS to assess the changes in the liver lipidome. In this way, the TIMS-TOF fleX mass spectrometer was used with and without ion mobility dimension to visualize the lipids distribution at 50 µm spatial resolution. Major lipid identifications were performed using the Parallel Accumulation Serial Fragmentation mode (PASEF) for high-speed MS/MS analysis. Zones of interest were subsequently analyzed at higher spatial resolution (14 µm). This study demonstrates the added value of the TIMS-TOF fleX MSI analyses for lipidome investigation of hepatic liver disease, providing valuable information on the lipid zonation in liver
Apoptotic Effect of Combinations of T-2, HT-2, and Diacetoxyscirpenol on Human Jurkat T Cells
No full textInternational audienceTrichothecene type A mycotoxins, such as T-2, HT-2, and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), are known to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in different cell types. As all three Fusarium toxins may occur concomitantly in a given food or feed commodity, there is growing interest in the effect of such mycotoxin mixtures. This study aimed to identify the toxic interactions among T-2, HT-2, and DAS in a human Jurkat cell model. As a first step, an MTT assay was used to assess cytotoxicity after 24 h of cell exposure to individual mycotoxins and their mixtures. The results were used to calculate the combination index (CI), which indicates the nature of the mycotoxin interactions. In Jurkat T cells, the toxicity ranking for the individual mycotoxins was T-2 > HT-2 > DAS. The CI values of the dual and triple mycotoxin combinations calculated from the results of the MTT and reactive oxygen species assays showed synergistic effects at low concentrations and an apparent antagonism at very high concentrations for all combinations. The additional cytometric analyses confirmed the synergistic effects, as expected, following co-exposure to the three tested trichothecenes. As the lower toxin concentrations investigated reflect natural contamination levels in food and feeds, the synergistic effects identified should be considered in risk characterization for trichothecene exposure in humans and animals
Avis de l'Anses relatif à l’évaluation des effets indésirables liés à la consommation de compléments alimentaires contenant du « Garcinia cambogia »
No full textCitation suggéréeAnses (2025). Avis relatif à l’évaluation des effets indésirables liés à la consommation de compléments alimentaires contenant du « Garcinia cambogia » (saisine 2020-SA-0047). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 69 p.L’Anses s’est autosaisie le 31 mars 2020 pour évaluer les risques liés à la consommation de compléments alimentaires contenant du « Garcinia cambogia ».CONTEXTE ET OBJET DE LA SAISINEGarcinia cambogia Desr. est une plante traditionnellement utilisée en Asie en tant que condiment dans des préparations culinaires et pour des usages médicinaux. Cette plante est autorisée dans les compléments alimentaires dans plusieurs pays de l’Union européenne.En France, l’utilisation de plantes dans les compléments alimentaires est encadrée par le décret n°2006-352 du 20 mars 2006 relatif aux compléments alimentaires et par l’arrêté du 24 juin 2014 établissant la liste des plantes, autres que les champignons, autorisées dans les compléments alimentaires et les conditions de leur emploi, ci-après dénommé « arrêté plantes » [1]. Garcinia cambogia Desr. ne figure pas sur cette liste mais elle est inscrite, du fait de la reconnaissance mutuelle entre les Etats membres au titre de l’article 16 du décret n°2006-352, sous le nom erronéde Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Roxb [2], sur la liste consolidée par la Direction générale de la concurrence, de la consommation et de la répression des fraudes (DGCCRF) [3] et publiée en janvier 2019 ainsi que sur le site Compl'Alim mis en place par la Direction générale de l’alimentation (DGAL) en 2024 [4].Les extraits de Garcinia cambogia Desr. sont présents dans des compléments alimentaires visant la perte de poids. Ses propriétés amaigrissantes sont attribuées à l’acide (-)-hydroxycitrique (AHC) présent dans le péricarpe du fruit. Cette substance fait actuellement l’objet d’une évaluation par l’Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments (Efsa) dans le cadre de la procédure prévue à l’article 8 du règlement 1925/2006 du parlement et du conseil du 20 décembre 2006 concernant l'adjonction de vitamines, de minéraux et de certaines autres substances aux denrées alimentaires.Dans le cadre de son dispositif de nutrivigilance, l’Anses a reçu en 2019, le signalement d’un cas d’hépatite fulminante mortelle associée à la consommation du complément alimentaire Slim Metabol®, contenant notamment du Garcinia cambogia Desr. Au vu de la sévérité des effets indésirables et de l’imputabilité très vraisemblable de ce produit, ce signalement a été publié sur le site de l’Anses5. La revue bibliographique menée à l’occasion de l’expertise de ce cas, a mis en évidence l’implication majeure de Garcinia cambogia Desr. dans la survenue d’hépatites fulminantes similaires à partir de 2005.Depuis la mise en place du dispositif de nutrivigilance en 2009, trente-huit signalements d’effets indésirables susceptibles d’être liés à la consommation de compléments alimentaires contenant du Garcinia cambogia Desr. ont été portés à la connaissance de l’Anses.Aux États-Unis et au Canada, des signalements d’atteintes hépatiques, musculaires, cardiaques et neurologiques parfois graves ont été rapportés quelques années après la commercialisation de produits multi-ingrédients contenant du Garcinia cambogia Desr.. Cela a d’ailleurs conduit, en 2009, la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) à demander le retrait de Garcinia cambogia Desr. de la composition de ces produits. En France, l’Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé (ANSM) a interdit en 2012 « l’importation, la préparation, la prescription et la délivrance de préparations magistrales, officinales et hospitalières composées de Garciniacambogia, ainsi que la prescription, la délivrance et l’administration à l’homme de la plante Garcinia cambogia ».Au vu de ces données, l’Anses et compte tenu de la mission de nutrivigilance qui lui a été confiée par la loi du 21 juillet 20096, l’agence a décidé de s’autosaisir afin de dresser un état des lieux des connaissances relatives aux propriétés physico-chimiques de Garcinia cambogia Desr. ainsi qu’une analyse des cas cliniques publiés dans la littérature ou rapportés dans le cadre de dispositifs de vigilance, afin de tirer les conclusions de cet ensemble de signaux.[1] Arrêté du 24 juin 2014 établissant la liste des plantes, autres que les champignons, autorisées dans les complémentsalimentaires et les conditions de leur emploi : https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000029254516[2] Cette désignation erronée ne correspond à aucune plante[3]https://www.economie.gouv.fr/files/files/directions_services/dgccrf/securite/produits_alimentaires/Complement_alimentaire/CA_Liste_PlantesAutres_janvier2019.pdf?[4] https://compl-alim.beta.gouv.fr/entreprise