HAL ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse)
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EFFECTS OF MATERNAL EXPOSURE TO A MIXTURE OF FOOD CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS ON FETOPLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT
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Les diarrhées infectieuses chez le poulain avant le sevrage : étude bibliographique
No full textDiarrhea is among the most common digestive disorders in foals. This bibliographic review presents the various infectious causes of diarrhea, mainly associated with bacteria (Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Rhodococcus equi, Lawsonia intracellularis), viruses (Rotavirus and Coronavirus), as well as parasites (Strongyloides westeri and Cryptosporidium). A comprehensive diagnostic approach is described, combining medical history, general clinical examination, and additional diagnostic tests. Molecular analyses of fecal samples are also discussed and summarized in the form of a decision tree. Various therapeutic options are examined, and preventive measures are also proposed.Les diarrhées figurent parmi les troubles digestifs les plus fréquents chez le poulain. Cette étude bibliographique présente les différentes causes infectieuses de ces diarrhées, principalement liées à des bactéries (Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Rhodococcus equi, Lawsonia intracellularis), des virus (Rotavirus et Coronavirus), ainsi que des parasites (Strongyloides westeri et Cryptosporidium). Une démarche diagnostique complète est présentée, combinant l’anamnèse, l’examen clinique général et des examens complémentaires. Les analyses moléculaires sur échantillons fécaux sont également abordées, et synthétisées sous forme d’un arbre décisionnel. Les différentes options thérapeutiques sont discutées, et des mesures de prévention sont également proposées
Classification of Stevia rebaudiana Chemotypes Based on Steviol Glycosides and Their Identified Malonyl Forms Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
No full textInternational audienceThe sweetness of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves is attributed to steviol glycosides (SGs). A method to analyze more extensively and decipher the structures of SGs is needed to understand (i) the biochemical determinism of SG diversity and (ii) the variability of their sensorial attributes. SGs from 20 genotypes of S. rebaudiana (Bertoni) were extracted via liquid extraction and tentatively identified by using LC-ESI-HRMS untargeted metabolomics, enabling the annotation of 114 SGs at different confidence levels. We identified the presence of original malonylated-SGs (up to 36%), acetylated-SGs, and other unidentified families, and confirmed the structure of malonyl-Reb A through 1D and 2D-NMR analyses after purification. Targeted identification and absolute quantification of 16 SGs were performed using analytical standards. Statistical analyses were applied to SG-based classification of stevia within 5 classes. This approach, combining targeted and untargeted metabolomics, may facilitate genotype selection for breeding programs and industrial applications based on SG proportions
Mise au point d’un modèle d’étude de la fixation du processus anconé sur os sec chez le chien
No full textSurgical management by fixation of the anconeal process (AP) to the ulna using a lag screw is often recommended. However, this surgical technique can present challenges, such as lack of bone volume at the surgical site, disturbing suitable implant set up, or fracture of the AP. Following a literature review, this pilot experimental study, carried out with a synthetic ulna model, aims to assess the feasibility of fixing the AP using a suture anchor and to compare this method with conventional lag screw fixation. The comparison criterion is the measurement of contact pressure between the AP and the ulna. For a torque of 0.4 N.m applied to the lag screw, a pressure of 0.32 MPa between the two bones was achieved. A similar pressure value was obtained when loads between 7.0 and 7.3 kg were applied to the suture anchor threads, corresponding to a theoretical calculated value of 72.9 N.La non-union du processus anconé est une forme de dysplasie du coude touchant en particulier les chiens de grandes races. Une prise en charge chirurgicale par fixation du processus anconé (PA) à l’ulna par vis de traction est souvent recommandée. Des difficultés sont soulevées lors de la réalisation de cette chirurgie comme l’encombrement de la vis fixée sur l’olécrâne ou la fracture du PA. Après une synthèse bibliographique, cette étude pilote expérimentale réalisée sur un modèle d’ulna de synthèse, permet d’évaluer la faisabilité de la fixation du PA par ancre de suture et de comparer cette méthode à la fixation par vis de traction. Le point de comparaison utilisé est la mesure de pression entre le PA et l’ulna. Pour un couple de serrage de la vis à 0,4 N.m, une pression de 0,32 MPa entre les deux os est atteinte. Une valeur de pression similaire est obtenue pour des charges appliquées sur les fils de l’ancre de suture entre 7,0 et 7,3 kg soit une valeur théorique calculée de 72,9 N
Environmental and genetic interactions underlying the morphological and genetic variability of the red juniper (Juniperus turbinata Guss.) in northeastern Morocco: implications for conservation
No full textInternational audiencePlant species often show morphological variations in response to their environments. In this study, we examined the trees, cones, seeds and leaves of three populations of Juniperus turbinata in north-eastern Morocco, located in littoral, semi-continental and continental zones, to evaluate how local conditions influence morphological character. Additionally, a genetic study using SSR markers was conducted to assess the genetic diversity and structure within these populations, aiming to determine the genetic contributions to observed morphological differences. The results showed significant morphological variation across zones. Cones from littoral population were larger and rounder, while those of the semi-continental and continental populations were more elongated and robust. Seeds and leaves characters also varied in patterns linked with altitude and aridity. Genetic analysis revealed moderate differentiation among populations, with higher genetic diversity in the continental site, as confirmed by several calculated indices such as the number of effective and private alleles, Shannon's information index, and observed and expected heterozygosities. Interestingly, the population structure profile identified two distinct genetic pools, with littoral and continental populations clustering closely together. This limited genetic differentiation likely due to gene flow or shared ancestry, suggests the formation of a single genetic group despite geographical separation. The results of this study show that the local environmental factors are the primary drivers of morphological variation, particularly in cones and seeds, while also highlighting a notable genetic component. These findings data are essential for defining conservation strategies adapted to local populations of J. turbinata in the context of climate change.</div
Role of a FAD-dependent monooxygenase in diazo group functionalization of kinamycin in Streptomyces ambofaciens
No full textInternational audienceKinamycin biosynthesis is a complex process that has been extensively studied over the years, yet specific enzymatic steps continue to be unveiled. A diazo group present in the molecule is responsible for the promising antitumour activity of kinamycins, but its installation in the specific strain Streptomyces ambofaciens has yet to be characterized. In this study, we explore the diazo functionalization of kinamycin in this strain. A FAD-dependent monooxygenase is identified, which is essential for kinamycin biosynthesis. In its absence, stealthin C accumulates instead, likely as a pathway shunt product. Furthermore, as a result of the position of the gene encoding this monooxygenase, named alp2F , we also propose new boundaries of the kinamycin biosynthetic gene cluster, resulting in a large cluster spanning over 72 kb. This work paves the way for the continued understanding of the biosynthetic steps that are characteristic of diazo-containing natural products and provides new biocatalysts for molecular engineering and accelerates bioactive compounds production
VARIACIONES ESTACIONALES EN LA MICROBIOTA DEL CALOSTRO DE OVINO TRASHUMANTE
No full textInternational audienceThis study analysed the microbiota present in the colostrum of a transhumant herd of Segureñas ewes and evaluated the possible variations between the two annual grazing locations. Sixteen sheep were sampled in total, eight at the winter pasture site and eight at the summer pasture site, in southern Spain. The samples were analysed using 16S rRNA metabarcoding.Regarding alpha diversity (diversity within a sample), significantly greater richness was observed in winter (Sierra Morena) compared to summer (Sierra del Segura) (P < 0.01). The taxonomic composition revealed that the phylum Proteobacteria and the genus Sphingomonas were the most abundant in the colostrum samples. The next two most abundant genera were Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus. Seasonal changes in colostrum microbiota were observed, including a higher abundance of Proteobacteria in summer (P < 0.001), specifically Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05). The stabulation of the ewes in the summer lambing could explain the poorer diversity observed in colostrum due to the environmental contamination of bedding with enterobacteria
SVEPM 2024, the annual conference of the Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden
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Coding-complete genome sequences of hedgehog coronavirus isolated from Erinaceus europaeus in France
No full textInternational audienceThe coding-complete genome sequences of hedgehog coronavirus were retrieved from rectal swabs collected in 2022 and 2023 in France. Information on this virus is crucial to understand the pathogenicity and ecology of this Betacoronavirus
Genetic parameters and genome-wide association studies of milk infrared spectra from Lacaune dairy ewes
No full textInternational audienceFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is a widely used analytical tool in dairy production-either in cattle or small ruminant-for predicting milk composition and quality. Nevertheless, not all the information contained in the spectrum is used for its predictions. This study examined the genetic parameters and GWAS of all wavelengths of infrared milk spectra in Lacaune dairy ewes to explore their genetic determinism and compare it with that of milk composition traits predicted by the spectra. Data from 1,063 ewes were collected during their first lactation over 9 yr (2014-2022) at 5 milk recording controls, including infrared spectra with 1,060 wavelengths and predicted milk composition (fatty acids and proteins). The ewes were genotyped with a 54K SNP chip. Heritability estimates across the infrared spectrum ranged from 0.26 to 0.69, with higher values observed in the late lactation stages. Genome-wide association study revealed significant QTL for both spectra wavelengths and predicted milk traits, with some loci being specific to milk IR spectra. Key regions on Ovis aries (OAR) chromosome 3 (OAR3, around Socs2) and OAR11 were associated with both milk composition and spectral traits. Additionally, novel QTL for milk urea (OAR6) and certain fatty acids (OAR17) were identified, as well as QTL within spectra on 4 chromosomes (OAR1, OAR10, OAR13, and OAR20). This study demonstrates that direct GWAS on infrared spectra provides complementary insights to traditional approaches on predicted milk composition traits, uncovering new genetic regions of interest and advancing our understanding of milk composition's genetic architecture. These findings highlight the potential of milk spectra as a tool for enhancing genetic selection in dairy sheep