HAL ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse)
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Quantification of process-induced toxicants in bovine meats cooked according to the usual preparation and cooking practices in France
No full textInternational audienceMost red meat eaten is cooked to increase its digestibility and palatability, but this cooking step can also produce process-induced toxicants (PITs). The aim of this study was to quantify these PITs in different types of bovine meat (cuts, minced patties, and marinated meat) prepared in either home cooking, commercial foodservice, or institutional catering settings. The sampling plan included ten types of cooked beef (six samples each) consisting of cuts that were prepared and/or cooked using methods representative of typical French practices. We then produced an analytical database representative of French practices consolidated with data on heterocyclic aromatic amine (HAA) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents in cooked beef. Of the 16 HAAs screened, 9 were either absent or below limits of quantification in the meat studied. The other seven (DMIP, IQx, harman, MeIQ, MeIQx, PhIP, and norharman) were detected at concentrations that depended mainly on the cooking conditions. The four PAHs regulated in foodstuffs by the European Commission (which sets a maximum limit of 5 μg/kg cooked meat for benzo[a]pyrene and 30 μg/kg cooked meat for the sum of these 4 PAHs) were analyzed, and the levels found in the meat samples were below limits of detection. The formation of PAHs when cooking meat to French practice (excluding barbecuing) therefore complies with the EU regulations. The results of this study could help assess the dietary exposure of French consumers to these carcinogenic PITs
HUMESS: Integrating Quantitative Transcriptomic Analysis and Metabolic Modeling to Unveil Condition-Specific Gene Signatures
No full textInternational audienceTranscriptomic analysis is a key tool for exploring gene expression, but the complexity of biological systems often limits its insights. In particular, the lack of intermodal or multi-layered analysis hinders the ability to fully capture key cellular functions such as metabolism from transcriptomic data alone. Here, we introduce a novel approach that integrates transcriptomic data with metabolic network modeling to address this. Unlike traditional methods, HUMESS prioritizes genes based on their metabolic significance, offering a deeper understanding of condition-specific gene expression. Our computational pipeline, supported by a user-friendly Rshiny application, enhances gene expression analysis by uncovering metabolic phenotypic signatures
Caractérisation d'indicateurs phénotypiques innovants de la robustesse et la santé des animaux en élevage de production à des fins de sélection
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Why the racing industry and equestrian disciplines need to implement population pharmacokinetics: To learn, explain, summarize, harmonize, and individualize
No full textInternational audiencePopulation pharmacokinetics (POP PK) is a powerful pharmacokinetic tool, which measures quantitatively, and explains the variability in drug exposure and drug effect between individuals. POP PK uses an observational (nonexperimental) approach; it is conducted in the target population living in its normal environment (e.g., farm and race‐track). The strength of the POP PK approach lies in its greater relevance for the population studied in its different natural environments than experimental studies carried out in more or less biased laboratory conditions. In clinical settings, it is commonly necessary to restrict the number of samples per subject collected for analysis and the derived data cannot be analyzed using traditional individual data analytical methods; rather data are merged and analyzed with an appropriate statistical tool: the nonlinear mixed effect model (NLMEM). POP PK modeling is frequently used with the objective of adjusting drug dosage, and hence drug exposure, not only for the whole population but also for subgroups of animals (e.g., for a given breed, sex, and age). It can also have application at the individual subject level, in the context of precision medicine. For horses, the use of the POP PK/PD model will allow prescribers to estimate an individual Withdrawal Time for a given horse whose treatment they are supervising. Another potential field of application will be meta‐analysis of existing data to generate new knowledge on a drug or to collate and synthesize, in an objective and transparent manner, existing data; this will facilitate harmonization of screening limits at an international level
Short- and long-term sex-dependent effects of a nutritional supplement after hatching on growth, metabolism and gut microbiota in broiler chickens
No full textInternational audience1. In chicken production, a delay occurs between hatching and placement in the rearing building. This work analysed the effects of this experience on growth, metabolism, and caecal microbiota and tested whether a nutritional supplement (SUP) could mitigate these effects. 2. Chicks were placed directly in a rearing room (Control: C) or were exposed to a 24 h period without feed and water before being placed (Delayed: D). During the 24 h period, half of each group was provided with a SUP. 3. The D effect reduced body weight until d 27 in females (p = 0.017) and d 34 in males (p = 0.015). On d 1, the D group had reduced plasma triglycerides (TG) and increased uric acid (UA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive species in both sexes (p < 0.050). On d 34, the D group had increased UA and TAS only in females. It increased the alpha-diversity of microbiota in males (d 12 p = 0.036; d 34 p = 0.038) and the alpha-diversity in females on d 34 (p = 0.008). Changes in microbiota composition in both males and females were observed until d 34 at the genus level. 4. On d 1, the SUP increased glucose concentration in D and C group males (p = 0.001) and females (p = 0.002). The decrease in TG and increase in UA concentrations and TAS in chicks from the D group were mitigated by the SUP in females. On d 34, SUP reduced the haptoglobin-like activity in D and C group males (p = 0.041) and increased the TG concentration in C group males (p = 0.016). The SUP had little effect on the caecal microbiota. 5. Delayed placement induced long-lasting effects on growth, metabolism, and caecal microbiota composition. The effects of a nutritional supplement were variable and sex-dependent
Deciphering the interplay between biology and physics with a finite element method-implemented vertex organoid model: A tool for the mechanical analysis of cell behavior on a spherical organoid shell
No full textVersion corrigéeInternational audienceUnderstanding the interplay between biology and mechanics in tissue architecture is challenging, particularly in terms of 3D tissue organization. Addressing this challenge requires a biological model enabling observations at multiple levels from cell to tissue, as well as theoretical and computational approaches enabling the generation of a synthetic model that is relevant to the biological model and allowing for investigation of the mechanical stresses experienced by the tissue. Using a monolayer human colon epithelium organoid as a biological model, freely available tools (Fiji, Cellpose, Napari, Morphonet, or Tyssue library), and the commercially available Abaqus FEM solver, we combined vertex and FEM approaches to generate a comprehensive viscoelastic finite element model of the human colon organoid and demonstrated its flexibility. We imaged human colon organoid development for 120 hours, following the evolution of the organoids from an immature to a mature morphology. According to the extracted architectural/geometric parameters of human colon organoids at various stages of tissue architecture establishment, we generated organoid active vertex models. However, this approach did not consider the mechanical aspects involved in the organoids’ morphological evolution. Therefore, we applied a finite element method considering mechanical loads mimicking osmotic pressure, external solicitation, or active contraction in the vertex model by using the Abaqus FEM solver. Integration of finite element analysis (FEA) into the vertex model achieved a better fit with the biological model. Therefore, the FEM model provides a basis for depicting cell shape, tissue deformation, and cellular-level strain due to imposed stresses. In conclusion, we demonstrated that a combination of vertex and FEM approaches, combining geometrical and mechanical parameters, improves modeling of alterations in organoid morphology over time and enables better assessment of the mechanical cues involved in establishing the architecture of the human colon epithelium
Differences in maternal diet fiber content influence patterns of gene expression and chromatin accessibility in fetuses and piglets
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigates the impact of maternal gestation diets with varying fiber contents on gene expression and chromatin accessibility in fetuses and piglets fed a low fiber diet post weaning. High-fiber maternal diets, enriched with sugar beet pulp or pea internal fiber, were compared to a low-fiber maternal diet to evaluate their effects on liver and muscle tissues. The findings demonstrate that maternal highfiber diets significantly alter the chromatin accessibility, predicted transcription factor activity and transcriptional landscape in both fetuses and piglets. A gene set enrichment analysis revealed overexpression of gene ontology terms related to metabolic processes and under-expression of those linked to immune responses in piglets from sows given the high-fiber diets during gestation. This suggests better metabolic health and immune tolerance of the fetus and offspring, in line with the documented epigenetic effects of short chain fatty acids on immune and metabolic pathways. A deconvolution analysis of the bulk RNA-seq data was performed using cell-type specific markers from a single cell transcriptome atlas of adult pigs. These results confirmed that the transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility data do not reflect different cell type compositions between maternal diet groups but rather phenotypic changes triggered by the critical role of maternal nutrition in shaping the epigenetic and transcriptional environment of fetus and offspring. Our findings have implications for improving animal health and productivity as well as broader implications for human health, suggesting that optimizing maternal diet with high-fiber content could enhance metabolic health and immune function in the formative years after birth and potentially to adulthood
Carp edema virus surveillance in the koi trade: early detection through shipping environment sampling and longitudinal monitoring of CEV outbreaks in a wholesaler facility
No full textInternational audienceCarp edema virus (CEV), a member of the Poxviridae family, has been a significant pathogen in koi and common carp since its initial identification in Japan during the 1970s. CEV, the causative agent of Koi Sleepy Disease (KSD), can cause high mortality rates and has been reported in many countries and is often linked to the fish trade. The virus is typically detected through DNA analysis of gill tissues, where the highest viral loads are found. However, traditional sampling methods, such as gill sampling, are lethal, complicating routine surveillance, particularly in asymptomatic or high-value koi. This study aimed to evaluate nonlethal sampling methods for CEV surveillance in the koi trade. We analysed various shipping environment samples, such as shipping water and fish bag swabs, alongside gill swabs from anaesthetised fish and gills from naturally deceased fish. Using qPCR, we found that the sensitivity of environmental samples, particularly shipping water, was greater than that of direct fish samples. Latent class modelling estimated that the sensitivity associated with 1.5 mL shipping water samples was greater than 89%, making them a reliable alternative for early detection. All detected variants belonged to genogroup II. Some post-import outbreaks shared variants with earlier outbreaks or shipping environment samples, suggesting that the detected DNA generally reflected infectious particles rather than just free environmental DNA and indicating that CEV can go unnoticed for several months after importation. These findings highlight the utility of environmental samples for effective, non-invasive surveillance and improved biosecurity management in the koi trade
Validation de l’automate Catalyst One® dans l'analyse des épanchements canins et félins au sein du laboratoire des urgences de l’école nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT) : étude de la reproductibilité
No full textThis project aimed to assess the applicability of the Catalyst One®, a blood biochemistry analyzer widely used in veterinary medicine, for analyzing effusion samples in companion animals. A simplified validation protocol was developed in accordance with ASVCP guidelines, focusing on long-term repeatability. The results indicated acceptable reproducibility for several biochemical parameters, depending on the type of effusion. However, analyte concentrations outside the analyzer’s quantification limits could not be evaluated. Furthermore, since the validation criteria were based on serum and plasma analyses, results should be interpreted with caution due to the specific analytical characteristics of effusion fluids. This study represents a preliminary step in the broader method validation process, whose conclusions must be integrated with additional components of the protocol.Ce travail s’inscrit dans une démarche de validation d’usage du Catalyst One®, analyseur de biochimie sanguine couramment utilisé en pratique vétérinaire, appliqué à l’analyse des épanchements chez les carnivores domestiques. Une procédure simplifiée de validation de méthode a été élaborée conformément aux recommandations de l’ASVCP, en se concentrant sur l’évaluation de la répétabilité à long terme. Les résultats montrent une reproductibilité satisfaisante pour plusieurs variables biochimiques selon le type d’épanchement. Néanmoins, certaines concentrations d’analytes situées hors des plages de quantification de l’automate n’ont pas pu être évaluées. Par ailleurs, les critères d’acceptabilité étant issus des analyses de sérum ou de plasma, une prudence d’interprétation est requise, les épanchements présentant des caractéristiques analytiques spécifiques. Enfin, cette étude constitue une première étape dans le processus global de validation de la méthode, dont l’interprétation doit être complétée par les autres volets du protocole expérimental
Whole-genome sequences of 38 siderophore-producing isolates from root systems of two pea and one wheat varieties
No full textInternational audienceHere, we report the whole-genome sequencing of 38 siderophore-producing bacterial strains isolated from the root systems of two pea and one wheat varieties. High-quality genomic data for each isolate was generated using PacBio HiFi sequencing, producing 6.1 Gb of HiFi reads and achieving an average assembly completeness of 98.85%