HAL ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse)
Not a member yet
16577 research outputs found
Sort by
Dark side of the honeymoon: reconstructing the Asian x European rose breeding history through the lens of genomics
No full textInternational audienceRoses hold significant symbolic value in Western cultural heritage, often serving as a symbol of love and romance. Despite their ancient cultivation, the appreciation for the phenotypic diversity of roses emerged relatively recently, notably during the 19th century. This period is characterized by a remarkable expansion in the number of varieties, from around 100 to over 8,000, representing a golden age for roses. To trace the history of rose breeding in Europe and unveil genetic changes during this period, we gathered phenotypic and genetic data from 204 accessions. These included botanical roses and varieties cultivated between 1800 and 1910. Whole-genome sequences from 32 accessions were also included. Our analysis revealed a temporal shift in the genetic makeup, transitioning from a historical European to a near-Asian genetic background within a few generations. This shift was accompanied by a notable reduction in genetic diversity, attributed to the backcrossing with the less diverse Asian genepool, plus some genomic signatures of selection. We have generated the largest GWAS catalog for rose to date, offering a valuable resource for future breeding initiatives. We emphasize the critical importance of preserving ancient rose collections to safeguard diversity and ensure a sustainable breeding for the long term
Modélisation pharmacocinétique de population de différents sulfamides associés au triméthoprime chez le porc
No full textInternational audienceEn médecine vétérinaire, la restriction de prescription d’antibiotiques considérés plus critiques pour l’Homme (catégories A à C) encourage l’utilisation de molécules associésà un risque d’apparition de résistance considéré plus faible (catégorie D), telles que les associations entre les sulfamides (S) et le triméthoprime (TMP) (European Medicine Agency, 2020).La formulation de TMP/S proposée dans la quasi-totalité des produits vétérinaires provient de la médecine humaine, où seule la combinaison TMP/sulfamethoxazole (SMX) est utilisée et toujours selon un rapport de dose (TMP:S) de 1:5. Ces deux molécules ayant une demi-vie d’élimination similaire, cela permet d’obtenir chez l’Homme un ratio constant de concentration plasmatique de 1:19, ratio qui a été déterminécomme le plus synergique 40 ans plus tôt (Bushby, 1980). Or, en médecine vétérinaire, plusieurs sulfamides ayant des caractéristiques pharmacocinétiques (PK) différentes sont utilisés en combinaison au TMP, questionnant cette transposition brutale de la médecine humaine vers la médecine vétérinaire du rapport de dose TMP:S de 1:5. Notre équipe a déjà montré que le ratio 1:19 n’est pas retrouvé pour les associations TMP/sulfadiazine (SDZ) et TMP/SMX administrée avec un ratio de dose 1:5 chez le poulet de chair (Boulanger et al., 2024). Chez le porc, Mengelers et al. (1995) ont montréqu’après une administration intraveineuse (IV) de TMP/sulfadiméthoxine (SDMX) à un ratio de dose 1:5, le ratio 1:19 pour les concentrations n’est que transitoirement obtenuà 4 h chez le porc et qu’il varie très rapidement pour atteindre environ 1:1000 au bout de 24h . Cette variation de ratio au cours du temps peut s’expliquer par des vitesses d’élimination (illustrées par leur temps de demi-vie (T1/2) plasmatique) différentes de chez l’Homme et différentes selon les molécules.Chez le porc, les T1/2 rapportés dans la littérature sont de 12,9 h (± 0,5) pour le SDMX, de 2,5 h (± 0,18) pour le SMX, de 2,77 h pour le SDZ et de 2,7 h (± 0,22) pour le TMP après une administration IV (Mengelers et al. 1995, Baert et al. 2021).Cette étude a pour objectif d’obtenir des données individuelles chez le porc pour trois combinaisons TMP/S afin de développer un modèle pharmacocinétique de population (popPK) permettant de mieux décrire le devenir des molécules et la variabilité des paramètres PK entre les individus et d’évaluer quels sont les ratios de concentrations TMP:S réellement obtenus chez le porc après administrations des formulationsactuellement sur le marché aux doses recommandées
Presence, genetic characterization, geographic distribution and associated risk factors of feline hemoplasmas in Paraguay
No full textInternational audienceHemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are small, wall-less bacteria that parasitize red blood cells and can induce hemolytic anemia in felines. The three main species known to infect cats worldwide are Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMht) and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicencis (CMt). These species differ in their pathogenicity and prevalence, Mhf being the most pathogenic and CMht the most prevalent. The aim of this study was to determine the presence, genetic characterization, associated risk factors and geographical distribution of feline hemoplasmas in Paraguay. DNA was extracted from feline whole blood samples submitted by local veterinarians to the CEDIVEP laboratory for the detection of feline hemoplasmas; Mhf (456 samples), CMht (428 samples), and CMt (359 samples) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 76/456 samples (16%) were positive for Mhf, 77/428 (18%) were positive for CMht, and no animals were positive for CMt by PCR. Sequencing, BLAST and phylogenetic analysis were performed to confirm the identity of 16 S rRNA and was supported by the distinct separation of species-specific clades. Positive animals were found in both regions of the country (eastern and western), and the Department with the highest prevalence was Central with 70/76 (92,1%) positive for Mhf and 70/77 (90,9%) positive for CMht. The prevalence of feline hemoplasmas in domestic cats in both regions of Paraguay was determined by PCR. Male sex was a risk factor for Mhf and CMht. Age between 1 and 3 years was a risk factor for CMht and mixed breed and Siamese was a risk factor for Mhf. Feline mycoplasmosis had a greater presence in Central deparment Paraguay and more frequently affected mixed breed and common European cats
Les tests ADN sur miels, entre promesses et réalités
No full textNational audienceEn apiculture, les tests ADN, en particulier ceux basés sur la métagénomique globale, pourraient aboutir à un véritable « passeport biométrique » des miels, apportant des informations précises, fiables et quasi infalsifiables
Dirofilaria spp. infection in cats from the Mediterranean basin: diagnosis and epidemiology
No full textInternational audienceDirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, causing heartworm disease and subcutaneous dirofilariosis, respectively, are zoonotic mosquito-borne filarioids infecting a plethora of hosts including cats. Only fragmented data are available on the diagnosis and epidemiology of feline dirofilariosis. We assessed the occurrence of both nematode infections, their risk factors and clinicopathological abnormalities in cats, from six countries of the Mediterranean Basin. In addition, Wolbachia spp. endosymbionts were assessed in Dirofilaria spp.-positive animals. Blood and sera samples were obtained from cats with outdoor access from Spain (n = 354), Portugal (n = 287), Italy (n = 125), Greece (n = 116), Israel (n = 101) and France (n = 100). Cat sera were tested by both direct antigenic (SNAP test, commercial ELISA kit) and indirect antibodies (in-house ELISA) serological tools, and blood samples by real time and conventional PCR targeting Dirofilaria spp. DNA, followed by sequencing. A statistical analysis was run to assess the link between Dirofilaria spp. infection and independent variables, as well as among feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and/or feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) co-infections, and clinicopathological abnormalities. Overall, 3.8% (i.e., 41/1,083) cats scored positive for Dirofilaria spp. infection with prevalences ranging from 2% in Israel to 7.8% in Greece. Of the 41 positive cats, 16 were infected by D. immitis (by SNAP test and/or PCR) and two by D. repens (by PCR); the remaining animals were antibody-positive for Dirofilaria spp. using the in-house ELISA. Wolbachia DNA was detected in one D. immitis-infected cat. Nematode positivity was significantly associated with age, breed, hyporexia, dandruff, and dyspnoea. This study provides data on the prevalence of Dirofilaria spp. infection in cats from the Mediterranean Basin, as well as new insights on its diagnosis, revealing the importance of performing strategic chemoprophylactic treatments for cats living in areas where the infection is endemic in dogs
Multi-omics data integration in constraint-based modeling of metabolic networks to study the metabolism of adipose-derived stem cells
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Genome-scale metabolic networks (GSMNs) are models representing all known metabolic processes occurring within a given organism as an interconnected network of metabolites, biochemical reactions, enzymes, and enzyme-coding genes. Through the integration of experimental data and the use of constraint-based modeling algorithms, these models can be used to simulate the metabolism of cells in various experimental conditions. Within the scope of the ASCending project, we aim to study the metabolic changes occurring in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) obtained from different donors over the course of a cell culture process. The final goal of this project is to adjust the culture parameters in order to optimize the proliferation and potency of the ASCs for the production of cellular therapy to treat medical conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Results: For the purpose of this project, we used the previously published DEXOM algorithm [1] for con-straint-based modeling of metabolic networks, which was integrated into the larger OCMMED work-flow [2]. This workflow, which was originally designed for the reconstruction of cell-specific metabolic networks based on transcriptomics data, was adapted in order to add constraints on the model derived from the cell population doubling times, cell culture medium composition, and time-series exometabo-lomics data. We used these constraints to reconstruct metabolic networks for the cells in each experi-mental condition. We then examined the metabolic changes occurring over the course of the cell cul-ture process by comparing the contents of the different metabolic networks using both network-based approaches and methods for binary matrix comparisons.Conclusions: The simultaneous inclusion of different types of experimental data in our constraint-based modeling workflow presents a challenge, both due to the necessity of adapting our data processing strategy, and due to the stark increase in the number of constraints of differing natures on the meta-bolic model. However, these additional constraints allow for more precise modeling of cellular metabo-lism in various experimental conditions and better comparisons between different experimental condi-tions. With the adapted OCMMED workflow, we generate cell-specific models with which we can ex-amine the metabolic changes undergone by ASCs during their cell culture process, and which can then be used to predict metabolic reaction fluxes in simulated new medium conditions.References1.Rodríguez-Mier P, Poupin N, de Blasio C, Le Cam L, Jourdan F. DEXOM: Diversity-based enumeration of optimal context-specific metabolic networks. PLoS Comput Biol 2021;17:e1008730.2.Available from: https://forgemia.inra.fr/metexplore/cbm/ocmme
Development of hepatic steatosis in normal and veinous livers of overfed female mule ducks
No full textInternational audienceFollowing the various recent avian influenza crises, the shortage of male mule ducklings has led to the use of females, although these are not normally used mainly because of defects in the presentation of the final product. The aim of this study was to examine the evolution of hepatic steatosis induced by overfeeding in female mule ducks with or without a visible network of veins on the surface of lean or fatty livers. The overall evolution of hepatic steatosis (weight gain, gross biochemical composition) was strikingly similar in both types of liver. Histological observations confirm that in both types of livers, there is a steady increase in the accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes throughout the period of overfeeding. At the same time, other parameters (fibrogenesis, measured by the accumulation of hydroxyproline; oxidative status, measured by the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase; contents of reduced and oxidised glutathione and level of hypoxia, measured with Hypoxia 1 and 2 Induced Factors) are also altered similarly in all samples. Nor did the overall activities of genes belonging to different metabolic pathways reveal any major differences when normal and veinous livers were compared. In conclusion, hepatic steatosis induced by overfeeding developed under very similar conditions in the normal and veinous livers of female mule ducks. However, these visible anatomical differences degrade the visual quality of the final product and make veinous livers less attractive to processors and consumers
CORE GUT MICROBIOTA IN RABBIT: OPPORTUNITIES TO STRENGTHEN THE INTESTINAL BARRIER
No full textInternational audienceThe symbiotic relationship between the intestinal microbiota and its host is crucial to the development and functioning of both partners. The microbiota plays a key role in the development and physiology of its host (nutrition, growth, health, and cognition). In turn, the host shapes the microbiota, according to factors that are intrinsic or dependent on its environment. However, the definition of an optimal microbiota that maximises ecosystem services (host benefits) has yet not be established. The symbiotic relationship between the microbiota and its host is based on a complex molecular dialogue at the level of the intestinal epithelium and the underlying mucosal immune system. These interactions condition the establishment of an intestinal barrier, limiting colonisation by microbial pathogens and thereby guaranteeing health. In this review, we propose a 'core' rabbit microbiota definition through a re-analysis of available open-source data. Based on the association between the abundance of bacterial taxa and host traits, we attempt to identify microbiota key species that would likely be involved in growth performance and health. Then, we describe the components of the intestinal barrier and the host-microbiota interaction mechanisms. Finally, we propose early in life nutritional levers to strengthen this intestinal barrier and thereby enhance the health of young rabbits before weaning
HoloOligoDB: an open platform for the exploration of milk oligosaccharides in mammalian species
No full textInternational audienceBackground: HoloOligo is an ANR-funded project exploring the links between milk oligosaccharides,microbiota, and immunity. As certain relevant data are scattered across the scientific literature, astructured database fed by text mining was developed to enable efficient search, organization, andcomparison of oligosaccharide-related knowledge. Inspired by Omnicrobe [1], it enhances dataaccessibility and supports scientific research.Results: HoloOligoDB centralizes structured data related to milk oligosaccharides (Oligosaccharidescomponents and types, samples, species, lactation stages, physiological stage, etc.) from literature(PubMed, WoS) associated with references used to normalize them (Milk Oligosaccharide Thesaurus,NCBI Taxonomy, etc.). It stores complex n-ary relationships in a relational database. It provides dataexploration tools such as interactive search and navigation, sheets for detailed information with linksto external databases (ChEBI, PubMed, NCBI taxonomy).Conclusions: HoloOligoDB is a key resource for studying milk oligosaccharides. Currently, It integratesthe MilkOligoCorpus [2], a manually annotated dataset supporting structured information extraction.An evolving text-mining pipeline will further enrich it. The database is open-access, and its code ispublicly available, ensuring transparency and reproducibility
The Genotoul-Bioinfo platform
No full textNational audienceThe Genotoul-Bioinfo platform The Genotoul-Bioinfo platform offers several services in sequencing analysis. The team gathers 17 people with expertise in system administration, bioinformatics, and biostatistics. It is a team of the MIAT lab (INRAE-Toulouse). It is an IBiSA labelled platform, and a strategic platform for INRAE. It is certified ISO 9001 and NF-X 50-900. It belongs to Genotoul, the Research Infrastructure BioinfOmics, and the Institut Français de Bioinformatique.</div