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421 research outputs found
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Regionale Mietradsysteme: Nutzungsmuster und Verhaltensroutinen am Beispiel der Region Rhein-Neckar
Full text linkDas Öffentliche Mietradsystem VRNnextbike wird seit 2015 in Groß, Mittel- und Kleinstädten der
Metropolregion Rhein-Neckar angeboten und ist seitdem kontinuierlich gewachsen. Die systemimmanente automatische Erfassung von Informationen zu Mietvorgängen (bspw. Ausleihzeiten,
Quell-Ziel-Beziehungen) ermöglicht verkehrsplanerisch relevante Analysen der Mietradnutzung. Eine zusätzliche Nutzendenbefragung vermittelt zudem Erkenntnisse den soziodemographischen
Merkmalen der Nutzenden und zu ihren Nutzungsmustern.
Der Wissenschaftsbeitrag beschreibt als wesentliche Erkenntnisse der Analysen u.a. Indizien,
dass Mietradsysteme als Ergänzung des ÖPNV genutzt werden, und führt diese zu verkehrsplanerischen Empfehlungen in Bezug auf Mietradsysteme wie etwa eine hohe Stationsdichte zusammen.Accepted Versio
Maximum Tolerated Number of Simultaneous BEV Charging Events in a Typical Low-Voltage Grid for Urban Residential Area
Full text linkPublished Versio
Street Experiments as Transformative Planning Tools: Contrasting Adaptive Approaches towards Urban Livability and Sustainable Urban Mobility
No full textTo improve livability and sustainable mobility functions of urban street space, municipalities may implement street experiments. Respective temporary interventions can help to accelerate transformations, broaden public involvement, facilitate social and institutional learning, and strengthen adaptive capacity. To support the integration of such experiments as transformative planning tools, this thesis presents a comparative case study contrasting viable approaches. Reviewing literature, planning guidelines, and documents, two experimental strategies were identified which expand on existing typologies: Temporary street use actions which promote flexibility and diversity of spatial uses, and phase 0 actions which facilitate permanent reconstruction through on-site design iterations. Based on a broad set of reference cases, thematic types
of temporary street use (street events, periodic pop-up street uses, interim street uses) and phase 0 actions (selective street improvements, corridor planning, neighborhood planning) were established. Three in-depth case studies involving interviews with planners were conducted to understand the shifting roles of municipal planning (promoter, partner, enabler) and associated roles of planners during implementation of these different types of actions: First, community-run temporary play streets in Berlin (periodic pop-use). Second, Malmö’s summer streets as collaborative effort between administration and local initiatives (interim use). Third, Low Traffic Neighborhood (LTN) trials in Hackney, London (neighborhood planning). The comparative study illustrates potential merits and challenges associated with these different types of actions. For a truly adaptive planning approach, street experiments should be implemented within a
strategic framework. To varying extents, this includes clear objectives, adequate allocation of staff and time to prepare, an engagement and communications strategy as well as systematic evaluations. This thesis focuses on the municipal perspective on planning and implementation. Tailoring project design to local
needs requires an understanding of who benefits from street experiments. Future research should
thus study their social impacts and seek out perspectives of diverse groups
Ultrafast laser heating for controlling the optoelectronic properties of sulfur hyperdoped black silicon
Full text linkUltrashort pulse laser processed sulfur hyperdoped black silicon represents a promising silicon-based material for infrared optoelectronic applications due to its high sub-bandgap optical absorptance. Non-thermal melting and resolidification processes associated with such laser processing, however, result in amorphous and polycrystalline phases which may be detrimental for this purpose. Furthermore, the sulfur impurities are electrically inactive, impeding the formation of a rectifying junction. This work demonstrates an ultrafast laser heating process based on heat accumulation with laser pulses of 10 ps pulse duration at high repetition rates of 41 MHz and peak fluences between 33% and 66% of the ablation threshold as a method to (i) recrystallize the material and (ii) electrically activate the sulfur dopants while (iii) maintaining the sub-bandgap absorption. Furthermore, laser heating recovers the optical activity of sulfur states that have been previously deactivated by thermal annealing. The demonstrated process can have versatile applications in material functionalization due to its highly localized heat input accompanied by high cooling rates.Accepted Versio
Grundlagen des Parkraummanagements
No full textLoseblatt-Ausgabe: Angabe überprüft am Inh.-Verz: 98. Erg.-Lfg. 3/2024Published Versio
Knowledge-Graph based Question Answering by Graph Pattern Learning
Full text linkKnowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) aims to leverage knowledge graphs
(KGs) to answer questions posed in natural langauge. It assists end users to more
easily and more efficiently access the vast amounts of information available in
KGs, without the need for knowledge about internal data structures or KG query
languages. The aim of this master’s thesis is to evaluate a KGQA system which
utilizes graph patterns pre-generated with a Graph Pattern Learner (GPL) to retrieve
answer candidates. The GPL operates on a set of source-target entity pairs and
a SPARQL endpoint to generate graph patterns using an evolutionary algorithm,
which provides high versatility with regards to the underlying knowledge bases.
The main contributions of this thesis are a GPL based KGQA system "GTFQ " (GPLand Target candidate FRED scoring-based Question answering) and a novel target
candidate scoring function "FRED" (F1 pREDictor), which makes significant use
of transfer learning: The FRED model utilizes a pre-trained BERT NLP model to
retrieve dense question representations and operates on coverage based graph
pattern embeddings. The FRED model matches the GPL graph patterns against the
natural language question to score the answer entities retrieved with the patterns.
The generated graph patterns are evaluated independently of FRED and also GTFQ
is evaluated against a state-of-the-art approach and against simple scoring functions
that do incorporate knowledge of the question. Promising experimental results
on subsets of WebQuestionsSP and SimpleQuestions provide a reference point for
future work in this area
Non-Fungible Token - Overview and Use Cases
Full text linkDue to the rapid growth experienced by the market for non-fungible tokens in 2021, the topic has become much more present. Even people who have not previously dealt with the topic of cryptoassets are finding interest in it. What exactly is hidden behind the term NFT, which areas of application there are and in which direction crypto tokens are developing will be briefly presented in this article. Significant changes on the market and in the technological field will be highlighted, as well as opportunities and challenges.Aufgrund des rasanten Wachstums, das der Markt für Non-fungible Token im Jahr 2021 erfahren hat, ist das Thema deutlich präsenter geworden. Auch Personen, die sich zuvor nicht mit dem Thema Kryptoassets auseinandergesetzt haben, finden Interesse daran. Was genau sich hinter dem Begriff NFT verbirgt, welche Einsatzgebiete es gibt und in welche Richtung sich die Kryptotoken entwickeln, soll in diesem Artikel kurz dargestellt werden. Dabei werden signifikante Veränderungen am Markt und im technologischen Bereich beleuchtet sowie Chancen und Herausforderungen.Published Versio