Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad ESAN
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El acceso a la justicia de las poblaciones indígenas. Una necesidad desde el lenguaje
No full text"Las poblaciones indígenas enfrentan limitaciones para comprender el sistema de justicia, debido a las barreras lingüísticas y culturales; por tanto, el uso de un lenguaje claro y accesible es fundamental para que puedan ejercer sus derechos y participar de manera efectiva en los procesos judiciales. Mediante la revisión documental de los problemas que enfrentan las poblaciones indígenas en el acceso a la justicia, se describen las estrategias desarrolladas por el Poder Judicial peruano. Se afirma que, a pesar de la existencia de regulaciones y políticas que garantizan el acceso a traductores e intérpretes al ámbito judicial, las acciones son limitadas y requieren ser fortalecidas. Se requieren estrategias que permanezcan en el tiempo, y que permitan medir su im-pacto con el fin de evaluar su pertinencia y eficacia. Se concluye en la necesidad de desarrollar una política lingüística enfocada en la justicia, que incluya incentivos —en la formación de abogados de poblaciones indígenas— como mecanismo de preser-vación de las lenguas originarias. Asimismo, se destaca la importancia de realizar una planificación lingüística en la adminis-tración de justicia para tener operadores hablantes de lenguas originarias en cada distrito judicial, especialidad e instancias.
Abstract: Indigenous peoples face limitations in understanding the justice system due to linguistic and cultural barriers; therefore, the use of clear and accessible language is essential for them to exercise their rights and participate effectively in judicial processes. Through a documentary review of the problems faced by indigenous peoples in accessing justice, the strategies developed by the Peruvian judiciary are described. It is stated that, despite the existence of regulations and policies that guarantee access to translators and interpreters in the judicial sphere, the actions are limited and need to be strengthened. There is a need for strategies that are sustained over time, and that allow their impact to be measured in order to evaluate their relevance and effectiveness. It is concluded that there is a need to develop a language policy focused on justice, which includes incentives —in the training of indigenous lawyers— as a mechanism for the preservation of indigenous languages. It also highlights the importance of language planning in the administration of justice in order to have native language-speaking operators in each judicial district, speciality and instance.
Performance of active portfolio managers when the benchmark is not observable
No full text"We present a specialized methodology designed for evaluating the performance of active portfolio managers in situations
where the common benchmark portfolio cannot be directly observed or determined by the analyzing agent. This method
assesses performance by examining the excess alpha of an optimal active fund with respect to a combination of such funds
that efficiently minimizes residual risk. After establishing the theoretical underpinnings of this approach and deriving the
necessary statistical tests, we then showcase its practical application in assessing the historical performance of pension fund
administrators operating within the Peruvian Private Pension System.
Assessment of food waste: standards and actions to promote circularity in Peru; [Evaluación del desperdicio de alimentos: normas y acciones para fomentar la circularidad]
No full textPopulation growth generates a greater demand for food, thus increasing food waste. The fight against this problem began in several countries with strict regulations managing food waste. In the case of Peru, an analysis of progress in the field is presented. The objective of the article is to analyze the management of food waste in Peru and worldwide, both in terms of regulations and current situation; for this purpose, a bibliographic review was conducted taking into account the guidelines of circularity in food. The results obtained demonstrate deficiencies in both Peruvian and global regulatory frameworks, with the exception of Europe. The increase in food waste generation was analyzed globally in households, retail establishments, and the service industry. Countries share concerns about the increase in waste and seek to align themselves with the circularity model. In the case of Peru, this implies modifying and improving regulations with the involvement of relevant stakeholders. Therefore, actions are proposed to promote circularity in food management with a sustainability vision, such as proposals for national actions and basic principles, with collaboration between industries, government, and civil society. © 2024, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. All rights reserved
Proposal of a Model for the Detection of Violence Against Animals Through Convolutional Neural Networks
No full textAnimal violence is a global problem that affects millions of animals every year. It can manifest itself in various forms, such as abandonment, physical abuse, and commercial exploitation. Animal violence has a negative impact on animal welfare, but it can also have consequences for society at large. Detecting animal violence is a major challenge. Traditional methods, such as bystander reporting, may be insufficient to identify all cases of abuse. Automated detection methods, such as machine vision, may be a valuable tool to improve the detection of animal violence. This study evaluated the effectiveness of convolutional neural networks, coupled with pose estimation, in detecting animal violence in videos. A dataset of animal violence videos was created and preprocessed to improve model performance. Several detection models, such as YOLOV7, VGG-16, VGG-19, GoogleNet and ResNet, were implemented, of which, they were evaluated based on their accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. Accordingly, the results showed that YOLOV7, in combination with pose estimation, obtained the best performance metrics. The model demonstrated an accuracy of 93.49%, precision of 98% and sensitivity of 88%. suggest that YOLOV7, together with pose estimation, is an effective method for detecting animal violence. The model provides a comprehensive approach to identify violent behaviors towards animals and can contribute to the automation and improvement of the identification of such behaviors. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024
Corporate social responsibility
No full textCorporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the expectation that business is responsible to society, in the sense of being held accountable for its actions, and responsible for society, in the sense of compensating for negative externalities and contributing to social welfare. For decades, researchers have investigated the impact of CSR on the financial performance of companies, with divergent results. While different streams of literature have shown various positive impacts of CSR on different stakeholders, some studies have highlighted conditions under which CSR may backfire for companies and trigger unexpected adverse stakeholder reactions. To conclude, avenues for further research efforts are noted. More research is needed regarding the human, social, and environmental impacts of CSR activities, as well as the political role of companies. In addition, the narrow US and European focus of research on CSR needs to be broadened to better understand CSR and its effects across the globe. © Klement Podnar 2024
Leaf Condition Classification Model of Apple Tree Leaves Using Machine Learning
No full textThroughout time, agriculture has faced the constant challenge of determining whether plants are sick or healthy, which often leads to the application of incorrect measures. For this reason, a study was conducted to discern the health of apple plants from the analysis of their leaves. For this purpose, 5052 images were collected from websites such as GitHub and Kaggle, classifying them into healthy leaves and diseased leaves. Several image processing techniques were applied, such as grayscale, edge detection, and Salt and pepper noise filtering. Subsequently, several learning models were developed, such as Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, MobileNet, and Vision Transformer. The results were evaluated using metrics such as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1 score. Among all models, the Vision Transformer algorithm proved to be the most effective, with superior metrics: 96.02% Accuracy and 96.02% Recall. This approach offers promising prospects for accurate identification of apple plant health status, providing a valuable tool for decision-making in agriculture. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024
Responding to COVID-19: an exploration of EU country responses and directions for further research
No full textBackground: During COVID-19, scientists advising policymakers were forced to deal with high uncertainty and risks in an environment of unknowns. Evidence on which policies and measures were effective in responding to the pandemic remains underdeveloped to answer the key question ‘what worked and why?’. This study aims to provide a basis for studies to go further to answer this critical question, by starting to look efficacy or how countries ensured that health services remained available and what measures were enacted to protect and treat their populations and workers. Methods: We applied a three-phase sequential mixed methods design. In phase one, we started with a qualitative content analysis of the EU Country Profile reports to retrieve and analyse data on COVID-19 responses taken by 29 countries in the European region. Phase two is the step of data transformation, converting qualitative data into numerical codes that can be statistically analysed, which are then used in a quantitative cross-national comparative analysis that comprises phase three. The quantifying process resulted in a numerical indicator to measure the ‘response efficacy’ of the 29 countries, which is used in phase three’s association of the response measure with country performance indicators that were derived from European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC) COVID-19 case and death rate data. Results: Through comparing the frequency of COVID-19 measures taken, we found that many countries in the European region undertook similar actions but with differing effects. The cross-national analysis revealed an expected relationship: a lower COVID-19 response efficacy appeared to be related to a higher case and death rates. Still, marked variation for countries with similar response efficacy indicators was found, signalling that the combination and sequence of implementation of COVID-19 responses is possibly just as important as their efficacy in terms of which response measures were implemented. Conclusions: Many European countries employed similar COVID-19 measures but still had a wide variation in their case and death rates. To unravel the question ‘what worked and why?’, we suggest directions from which more refined research can be designed that will eventually contribute to mitigate the impact of future pandemics and to be better prepared for their economic and human burden. © The Author(s) 2024
Implementation of an Ethical Hacking Control Focused on Phishing to Optimize Computer Security in Credinka
No full textOne of the main problems that exists in financial agencies is phishing attacks that have unauthorized access to technological systems. For this reason, the study conducted aimed to optimize computer security at the Credinka Agency. As a result, he met with agency officials to gather information on network security vulnerabilities. In which techniques related to the Information System Security Assessment Framework (ISSAF) methodology were conducted, where Pen testing procedures will be applied, which will help to know the most effective methods to detect vulnerabilities in the Agency's computer systems. Finally, the implementation of an ethical hacking control will be carried out in order to strengthen the technological infrastructure, in this way make employees aware of the risks that can be caused by cyberattacks. It is observed that the percentage of vulnerability decreased by 82% and 74% of workers are more prepared against hacking attacks. © 2024 IEEE
The intellectual structure of human resource management and digitalization research: A bibliometric-mapping analysis
No full textAn integrated approach from the academic for comprehending and advancing in the human resource digital transformation is needed. In this sense, this study aims to analyze the development, current status, and trends of the literature of human resource management research regarding its digital transformation. A total of 284 academic documents published between 2001-2022 in all fields of knowledge were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database. Data was analyzed through VOSViewer software and bibliometrix R-package. According to the bibliometric analyses, from 2015 digital transformation of HRM had a sustained crescent interest being more remarkable since 2020. Foundational papers, the most influential documents, journals and authors were identified. Through a bibliographic coupling analysis, we identify five current mainstreams: 1) Impact, challenges and out-comes of e-HRM, 2) e-HRM and organizational strategy, 3) Conceptualization of strategic human resource management, 4) Effectiveness of e-HRM: productivity and performance, and 5) e-HRM and innovation. Co-word analysis shows clusters oriented to 1) digital platforms, 2) data analytics and 3) organizational strategy. All the conducted analyses show that human factors have received less attention, a finding confirmed by the thematic map. “Management, strategy, information” and “antecedents, quality and economic growth” are acquiring special relevance and are structuring the research field of digital HRM according to the Thematic Map. These findings are discussed
The Ark of Shared Value
No full textOne of the new paradigms of entrepreneurship is the creation of shared value, an idea generated by Michael Porter and Karl Kramer, who postulated the principles to create shared value, that is, to generate profits for companies and to face a social problem. This idea is not new, but it keeps entrepreneurs thinking about creating new ideas, products, services, and business models to achieve these two objectives: making money and helping to solve a social problem. In this sense, the book presents the Ark of shared value, a model that helps to design shared value business projects. This tool allows companies to think about new products and design the business model to create shared value. The Ark has eight main elements, ranging from the project and components, the company and partners, the beneficiaries, the shared activities, the shared resources, the means of communication, the strategies to acquire, maintain, and increase customers, and the benefits