Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad ESAN
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581 research outputs found
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A demand approach health workforce planning in the Peruvian primary care setting
No full textPurpose: Health workforce planning seeks to align supplies of health workers with population health needs by using models. However, some of these models can be difficult to implement, requiring specialized skills, resources and data. This study presents a parsimonious demand approach staff requirement methodology developed by a middle-income health system that aims to overcome existing model barriers and offers a viable health workforce planning alternative for countries with limited health information systems. Design/methodology/approach: The study is set in a sample of Peruvian capital’s Primary Care clinics and models TB staffing requirements according to legislative requirements and treatment norms. It provides a step-by-step description of the method used to calculate presentation and staffing volumes and to identify the gaps. Findings: The model’s results indicate that the service demand for TB patient treatment types: bacilloscopic sample collection, evaluation, delivery and laboratory processing to have the highest volumes; and nurse and nurse technicians to have the largest service requirements – with the annual gap for Nurses found to be 94,687.8 h. Practical implications: This model’s frugal method and data requirements mean that managers and planners may be better able to apply staff requirement studies to improve their service planning, health workforce supply and health worker training policies. Originality/value: Most middle-income health systems rely on the WHO Workload Indicators of Staffing Needs method for service gap determination; however, this model has been locally developed as a solution to counteract some of WISN’s operational issues. © 2025, Emerald Publishing Limited
What really drove Silicon Valley and First Republic Bank bankruptcy?
No full textThis paper analyses the possible determinants that induced Silicon Valley and First Republic Bank to Bankruptcy. We employ financial statements for a sample of Banks in line with the business core of Silicon Valley Bank. The period under assessment ranges from 2006-2022. We estimate an indicator of Bank Efficiency using the technique Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The latter indicator is used as the primary step to analyze failure within sample banks. According to the CAMEL model, macroeconomic variables are non-significant but relevant variables that drive failure were: Bank Efficiency, Capital adequacy, Earning ability, and Liquidity position ratio. Our study is relevant for any policy making to prevent any future bank failure. © 2025 by the authors
Developing a tool for teaching chemistry to people with visual impairments
No full textStudents with visual impairments face multiple barriers during their education, which can hinder their learning in STEM subjects. The design of the innovative tool Qarvis seeks to promote inclusion in chemistry teaching through the sense of touch and the organization of chemical elements as an accessible complement to the periodic table. © Springer Nature Limited 2025
Psychometric analysis of a scale of Attitude towards thesis development in Peruvian university students; [Análisis psicométrico de una escala de actitudes hacia la elaboración de la tesis en universitarios peruanos]
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of a scale designed to measure the attitude towards thesis development (ATD) among 666 Peruvian students (74.9% women), also the academic self-efficacy (ASE) and research self-efficacy (RSE) scales were used. We assessed the clarity of the items through the perception of students, while the internal structure was analyzed using exploratory structural equation modeling. The reliability was also examined, and its association with ASE and RSE, and by analyzing differences between students willing to choose the thesis as their first option against those who would not. The items have clarity and a four-factor oblique structure with modest factor loadings and complex factorial composition. A final 16-item version was established with satisfactory reliability. Furthermore, a direct relationship was found between ATD, ASE, and RSE, with higher scores among students preferring graduating through a thesis. The ATD scale shows robust psychometric properties. © 2025 Universidad Nacional de Cordoba - Facultad de Psicologia. All rights reserved
Assessing out-of-sample performance of orthogonal portfolio rules in emerging markets
No full textOrthogonal portfolios are valuable for enhancing out-of-sample performance in the presence of Gaussian returns. This study examines the effectiveness of implementable portfolio rules based on this approach when returns deviate from normality, and reflect the statistical properties of emerging market returns. Our findings indicate that the theoretical out-of-sample performance ranking of certain orthogonal rules, called implementable Q-rules, is not only valid for Gaussian data, but also for the non-Gaussian empirical distribution observed in our ETF dataset. © 2025 Elsevier Inc
Motivations and segmentation in coastal tourist destinations with cultural attractions
No full textThe purpose of this research is to ascertain the motivating factors of demand, identify the demand’s segments, establish the correlation of tourist demand segments and their satisfaction and loyalty, and establish the connection between the segments and socio-demographic factors in coastal tourist destinations with cultural attractions. The empirical research was developed in Huanchaco, a coastal city of Peru famous for its traditional cultural attractions. The sample of this quantitative study consisted of 384 valid questionnaires collected on-site. The data was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis techniques and non-hierarchical K-means cluster analysis. The findings evidence four motivational dimensions: Novelty & social interaction, Sun & beach and nature, Culture and coastal experience, and Water sports. Furthermore, three demand segments were found: Eco-coastal, Multiple motives, and Passive tourists. The findings add to the academic literature on coastal tourist destinations with cultural potential and help design sustainable plans. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Wealth of Peruvian fishery
No full textFisheries provide critical sources of employment, nutrition, and economic value for many countries, making fishery resources an essential component of natural capital. Accordingly, their efficient and sustainable management is fundamental for long-term development. One approach to evaluate sustainability is through the estimation of wealth, defined as the present value of profits derived from fishery assets. While previous global studies have estimated the natural wealth of fisheries -including for Peru- these assessments often omit processing profits, leading to potential underestimations. This study improves upon existing estimates by incorporating both extraction and processing profits to calculate Peru's fishery wealth over the period 1994–2022. Results reveal a 51 % increase in wealth during this timeframe. Moreover, the analysis shows that processing profits significantly exceed resource rents, highlighting the importance of including them to avoid substantial distortions in fishery wealth valuation. © 2025 Elsevier Lt
Contingency consumer brand evaluations during recessions: a meta-analysis and systematic review
No full textPurpose: This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis and literature review on the effects of recessions on consumer brand evaluations. It examines how downturns influence various evaluation dimensions through the lens of Skinner’s contingency theory. Design/methodology/approach: This study reviewed literature from January 2000 to December 2023 for a psychometric meta-analysis, incorporating 155 effect sizes and 4,025,156 observations. It applied psychometric corrections and random-effects estimation. The literature review includes 47 studies. Findings: Recessions negatively affect consumer brand evaluations. Significant and predominantly negative relationships are observed between general brand impressions and brand-related consumer activity. This effect is significant and positive for brand commitment and not significant for brand-specific impressions. Brand familiarity, brand type and product convenience, considered contextual moderators, show a smaller and significantly negative effect on brand evaluations for familiar brands, real brands and low-convenience products. Methodological moderators have a significant and less negative effect in studies with study settings, data type and methodology. Originality/value: This study analyses the fragmented empirical literature on how changes in the economic environment affect firm and consumer behaviour towards consumer brand evaluations during recessions. It extends prior isolated meta-analyses of recessions and branding by introducing a novel theoretical framework based on Skinner’s contingency theory, offering new research directions. © 2025, Emerald Publishing Limited
Biometric Strategies to Improve Vaccine Immunogenicity and Effectiveness
No full textBackground: Vaccines have revolutionized disease prevention, yet their effectiveness is challenged by variable immunogenicity, individual response differences, and emerging variants. Biomimetic strategies, inspired by natural immune processes, offer new avenues to enhance vaccine performance. Objectives: This narrative review examines how bioinspired approaches—grounded in evolutionary medicine, immunology, and host–microbiota interactions—can improve vaccine immunogenicity and long-term protection. We further examine the evolutionary foundations of immune responses, highlighting how an evolutionary perspective can inform the development of durable, broadly protective, and personalized vaccines. Furthermore, mechanistic insights at the molecular and cellular level are explored, including Toll-like receptor (TLR) engagement, dendritic cell activation pathways, and MHC-I/MHC-II-mediated antigen presentation. These mechanisms are often mimicked in biomimetic systems to enhance uptake, processing, and adaptive immune activation. Results: The review highlights how immunosenescence, maternal immunity, genetic variation, and gut microbiota composition influence vaccine responses. Biomimetic platforms—such as nanoparticle carriers and novel adjuvants—enhance antigen presentation, boost adaptive immunity, and may overcome limitations in traditional vaccine approaches. Additionally, co-administration strategies, delivery systems, and microbiota-derived immunomodulators show promise in improving vaccine responsiveness. Conclusions: Integrating biomimetic and evolutionary principles into vaccine design represents a promising path toward safer, longer-lasting, and more effective immunizations © 2025 by the authors
The main global cultural differences today evolved from environment-related historical agricultural patterns
No full textDecades of research have demonstrated that many cultural differences between modern nations are associated with a single dimension of culture, called “individualism-collectivism” (IDV-COLL) or various other terms (including Schwartz's “embeddedness”), contrasting Northwestern Europe plus the English-speaking countries with countries at low geographic latitudes. IDV cultures are characterized by greater individual freedom (especially reproductive and religious), rule of law, and human rights than COLL ones. Despite a partial worldwide shift toward IDV, these country differences are relatively stable. Previous research explains them as a function of differences in wealth, climate, pathogen prevalence, Western Church policies, and more. We test a new theory: prevalent types of agriculture 100 years ago and earlier still explain IDV-COLL differences. We analyze two strongly correlated IDV-COLL versions, by Minkov-Kaasa and by Schwartz, as well as a new measure of objective COLL-IDV for 84 nations, consisting of household size, gender inequality, LGBT rights, and rule of law. We also use the Minkov-Kaasa IDV-COLL index for the 50 US states. For all national IDV-COLL/COLL-IDV measures, across the whole country sample, and across 35 culturally independent nations (thus avoiding autocorrelation), historically prevalent dairy farming is associated with IDV, whereas nomadic herding and shifting cultivation are associated with COLL. Across 48 US states, historically prevalent dairy farming predicts IDV, plantations predict COLL. Agriculture always produces the strongest direct effects. The effects of the other predictors are inconsistent, with the seeming exception of wealth. Yet, some environmental predictors have a distal effect on IDV-COLL, mostly through the mediation of agricultural types. © 2025 Elsevier Lt