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Fighting the virus: management of the COVID-19 vaccination program in Peru
No full textLearning outcomes: Identify the components and associated activities of a crisis facing a nation. Analyze crisis management through program management, according to the principles and performance domains outlined by the Project Management Institute (PMI). Develop strategies for the successful management of a national vaccination program, following the PMI approach. Case overview/synopsis: On March 6, 2020, Peru detected its first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Days later, owing to incoming international flights, there was an exponential increase in positive cases, which led to a health-care and economic crisis. In response to this situation, the Peruvian Government found it necessary to implement health measures to prevent the spread of the virus. However, the expected results were not achieved, creating uncertainty in the country.Additionally, in November 2020, a political crisis occurred, resulting in the replacement of the President of the Republic with Manuel Merino, who held office for only one week. Subsequently, Francisco Sagasti assumed the presidency. Months later, in February 2021, another political crisis arose, this time because of the “Vacunagate” scandal. The Minister of Health, Pilar Mazzetti, had to resign amid the scandal, and President Sagasti appointed Oscar Ugarte as the new Minister of Health. The Peruvian Government enacted a series of measures while facing future challenges to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly focusing on developing a Vaccination Program. However, crises in the mentioned areas persisted, presenting significant challenges in managing the pandemic. Dr Ugarte pondered the best strategy for implementing an efficient vaccination program that would inoculate a large percentage of the population in minimal time. He also considered how the efforts of various public and private institutions could be unified to effectively combat COVID-19. Complexity academic level: This case is designed for use in a Public Health Management or Crisis Management course for both undergraduate and graduate students. Depending on the class objectives, the instructor can select and adapt the learning objectives, considering that the case can address topics such as the relationship between the state and society, stakeholder management and risk management. Supplementary material: Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS 10: Public Sector Management. © 2025, Emerald Publishing Limited
Artificial intelligence in the preservation of native languages and bridging the information access gap for indigenous peoples
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how artificial intelligence contributes to the preservation of the cultural identity of native peoples as well as to reduce the gap in access to verified information in native languages of Peru. Design/methodology/approach: An analysis of the context of artificial intelligence in the field of preservation of native languages was developed. Subsequently, the case of the digital tool Quispe Chequea was highlighted, which uses artificial intelligence to produce journalistic content of verification in three native languages of Peru (Quechua, Aimara and Awajún). Finally, a reflection was made on the contributions of artificial intelligence in reducing the gap in access to information, vindication and preservation of native Peruvian languages. Findings: The findings evidenced the importance of the principles of indigenous data sovereignty to respect cultural rights. Also, it was determined that artificial intelligence contributes to the preservation of cultural values of ethnic groups. It also provides verified information in the native language in order to promote inclusion. Finally, this enabling technology proved to be an important resource in reducing social and cultural gaps. Practical implications: The use of artificial intelligence will enable the preservation of the native languages of marginalized and ethnic groups. It also favors the dissemination and communication of truthful information in native languages. Originality/value: This opinion article highlights a little-explored context in the field of native Peruvian languages. It highlights the contribution that artificial intelligence can bring to ethnic groups, especially in the preservation of their languages and the reduction of the information access gap. © 2025, Emerald Publishing Limited
Traditional culinary uses, food applications, and potential health benefits of Peruvian Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora, Prosopis pallida), research advances and challenges: a review
No full textProsopis trees are leguminous plants that are frequently grown in arid, semiarid, tropical, and subtropical locations due to their remarkable capacity to withstand harsh soil conditions. Compared to other leguminous plants, Prosopis species are still neglected despite their promise. Prosopis juliflora (P. juliflora) and Prosopis pallida (P. pallida) are both referred to as “Mesquite” or “Algarrobo” in Peru. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to clarify the dietary benefits and food applications of Prosopis species (P. juliflora and P. pallida). A systematic search for relevant articles was conducted on SCOPUS, PubMed/Medline, and WOS. The literature review revealed that Mesquite products have been used in a variety of industries, such as construction, food, and medicine. However, their medicinal use has not been evaluated in clinical trials. Most available evidence pertaining to its health benefits was concentrated on in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. Due to its substantial fiber, protein, and polyphenol content, its nutritional value as a partial replacement for wheat flour and for boosting the nutritional profile of baked goods, drinks, and other food items is being investigated. Further research is required to fully explore food applications and nutritional potential benefits of these neglected leguminous plants. © The Author(s) 2025
Academic Autonomous Learning in Two Ecuadorian Universities: A Statistical and Student-Centered Perspective
No full textThis study explores the role and extent of academic autonomous learning among students from two public universities in central Ecuador. Recognizing the importance of self-directed learning in higher education, especially in post-pandemic contexts, the research aims to assess how students apply autonomous work strategies in their academic routines. A total of 158 students from four different academic programs participated in the study. Data were collected using the validated CETA instrument, which evaluates six dimensions of autonomous work: expansion, collaboration, conceptualization, planning, exam preparation, and participation. The research adopts a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional approach. Statistical methods included descriptive analysis, Pearson correlations, t-tests, ANOVA, and Chi-square tests. The findings reveal a high level of internal consistency in the CETA dimensions and strong correlations between key strategies, particularly between expansion and exam preparation. While no statistically significant differences were found between genders or institutions, some programs displayed subtle variations. The study concludes that autonomous academic work is a critical factor in students’ academic performance and professional development. It highlights the importance of fostering self-regulation, planning, and motivation in the educational process. These findings provide valuable insights for higher education institutions seeking to strengthen autonomy-oriented teaching strategies. © 2025 Núñez-Naranjo et al
Organ donation in peru and its associated demographic factors; [Donación de órganos en el Perú y sus factores sociodemográficos asociados]
No full textThe sociodemographic factors associated with organ donation in Peru during 2023 were determined through a secondary analysis of the open database of the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status (RENIEC). The covariates were sex, age, area of residence, and macro-region. Poisson regression was used to evaluate the associations. A total of 13.1% were donors. There was a lower prevalence of donation among men (RPa: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.94 - 0.95). The prevalence of donation was 19% lower among older adults compared to the 18-30 years age group (RPa: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.80 - 0.81). Belonging to a rural area decreased the probability of donation by 62% compared to urban areas (RPa: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.38 - 0.38). The prevalence of organ donation in Peru was low. The groups with the lowest probability of donation were males, older adults, and rural inhabitants. © 2025 Medical Body of the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital. All rights reserved
Sociodemographic characteristics of food festival attendees and their relationship with motivations
No full textConducting research on food festivals is vital for advancing the development of tourist destinations. This study, conducted at the Bahrain Food Festival on the eastern coast of the Persian Gulf, aimed to achieve the following objectives: (1) To identify the motivational factors that drive visitors to food festivals and (2) to determine the relationship between these attendees’ sociodemographic characteristics and motivations. Motivations are often categorized as push factors (internal desires) and pull factors (external incentives). Three hundred eighty valid questionnaires were collected online from event attendees, and statistical techniques such as factor analysis and multiple regression were applied. The findings revealed five motivational dimensions associated with food festivals: Local cuisine, Art, Entertainment, Socialization, and Escape and Novelty. Moreover, some sociodemographic characteristics were found to be predictors of motivations. Specifically, attendees with higher levels of education exhibited greater motivation for Local Food and Art. Additionally, scientific researchers and business people were highly motivated by the Art dimension alone. Furthermore, younger attendees were found to be more motivated by Entertainment, while those attending with friends or colleagues were more inclined toward Socialization. These findings offer valuable insights into the management of food festivals and contribute to the existing academic literature in this field. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Methodology for Monitoring and Control of Finger Deformation in Patients with Arthritis Using Fractal Dimension
No full textRegenerative diseases, as is the case of arthritis, generate a change in the morphology of the fingers and toes; thus, as time passes, the joints of the fingers begin to deform, which causes a change in the morphology of the joints and fingers. One of the effects that is noticeable by patients is the pain that these deformations cause in addition to the deterioration of the maneuverability of objects with hands. In this article we present a method for the analysis of the fingers of the hands, through the analysis of images obtained through the photographic registration of the hand, then the value of the fractal dimension (FD) is obtained, to know the objective index for the measurement of the morphology of the hand, in this way it is possible to evaluate the deformation of the joints of the fingers, In this way it is possible to analyze and monitor the level of deformation, thus being able to improve the treatment. Due to having a record of the evolution of the deformations, we present as a result a demonstration of the methodology by analyzing the FD of the hands of a patient. The calculation of the FD was developed using the Matlab tool, which can be replicated and scaled according to the need of each situation. © 2025 by the authors of this article. Published under CC-BY
Vacunagate: Vaccines for all or privilege of the few?
No full textCase overview/synopsis: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the profound limitations of the Peruvian health-care system. Despite its rapid economic growth in previous years, Peru faced the collapse of its health-care infrastructure in the face of the spread of the virus. In this context, the country was selected in 2020 to participate in a Phase III clinical trial of the Sinopharm vaccine, led by the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH). The research team, under the direction of Dr Germán Málaga, administered 12,000 doses in a randomized, controlled study, seeking to validate the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. However, the arrival of an additional batch of 3,200 doses, not included in the official trial, opened an ethical crossroads. As hospitals collapsed and the country suffered one of the highest mortality rates in the region, senior officials pushed to receive these additional doses in secret, prioritizing their personal use over the most vulnerable groups. Should Dr Malaga: Apply the extra vaccines to personnel outside the health system in the clinical trial? Or follow strict protocols and reserve the doses only for those directly involved in the research? This case exposes not only the ethical challenges, but also the need to make decisions in high-pressure environments. Complexity academic level: The Vacunagate case is designed for students of undergraduate programs, in subjects related to health sciences and medicine, such as bioethics, health administration and hospital management. Also, in subjects related to administration and business, such as business ethics, crisis management, leadership and decision-making. In summary, the case allows students to explore issues such as the impact of individual decisions, the management of public trust and the evaluation of ethical responsibility in the management of resources in a health-care context. Supplementary material: Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS10: Public Sector Management. © 2025, Emerald Publishing Limited
ISO 31000 guide: Steps used in all types of organizations in Latin American Countries
No full textThis paper highlights the crucial role of adopting ISO 31000 as a comprehensive and flexible risk management standard for organizations throughout Latin America. ISO 31000 provides a globally recognized framework for tackling various challenges, such as regulatory pressures, economic fluctuations, and operational inefficiencies. By embedding risk management into day-to-day operations and strategic decision-making, organizations can strengthen their resilience and improve decision-making processes. The study examines key elements of ISO 31000, such as risk identification, assessment, and response strategies, which include mitigation, transfer, acceptance, or elimination. It stresses the importance of stakeholder engagement to ensure effective communication and consultation at every phase. The iterative nature of risk management outlined in ISO 31000 promotes continuous improvement and alignment with organizational objectives. Through a qualitative analysis of case studies from Peru, Mexico, and Brazil in both the public and private sectors, this paper demonstrates how organizations adapt ISO 31000 to their specific economic, cultural, and legal contexts. These adaptations enhance risk visibility, build stakeholder trust, and support long-term sustainability. The findings reveal significant benefits, such as improved business continuity and a better capacity to address financial and operational uncertainties. Despite its adaptability, the successful implementation of ISO 31000 requires addressing regional challenges, including resource constraints and evolving regulations. The paper calls for ongoing training and awareness efforts to ensure the framework's widespread adoption and effectiveness. In conclusion, ISO 31000 is an essential tool for strengthening risk management practices, empowering Latin American organizations to navigate uncertainties and achieve sustainable growth. © 2025, Malque Publishing. All rights reserved
Heterogeneous-Agent Models in Asset Pricing: The Dynamic Programming Approach and Finite Difference Method
No full textThis paper provides a detailed guide to solving a model characterized by risk-aversion heterogeneity, utilizing the dynamic programming approach in conjunction with the finite difference method. Although this model is characterized by a system of three partial differential equations (PDEs) - two related to the agents' value functions and one to the risky asset price - it is surprisingly unnecessary to solve the full 3-PDEs system. Solving the 2-PDEs system for the agents' value functions is sufficient, as, in equilibrium, the risky asset price is a function of these values. This problem is further simplified since each agent's PDE can be solved independently due to the properties of the value function under constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) preferences. Finally, we demonstrate that applying the finite difference method with the implicit approach and an upwind scheme is straightforward for this type of asset pricing model. © 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston